Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

The first useful Internet service for the masses was email. After that, came the first graphical web in the form of websites. Today, this vast network has grown into truly worldwide web is accessible to ordinary users around the world, turning the internet into a mainstream phenomenon. As a result, it has grown not only in popularity but also into a necessity in our everyday lives. This influence can either be good or bad for the user.

Jason and Niaz !"##$ has claimed that, social networking sites like %acebook, Twitter, &yspace, and 'inkedIn have become the most visited websites in the world, with %acebook topping the list. (ith this fact, it is no surprised that social network have impacted the way people live and socialize. )oyd and *llison !""+$ defined social networking sites as a (eb site that provides a virtual community for people interested in a common sub,ect to gather and interact virtually via the cyberspace.

-ocial networking sites or also known as (eb !." technology has shaping human communication and is impacting how people present themselves in their interaction with one another. The linkage between individuals on social networking sites has opened up channels of communication to people who may not have the opportunity to meet face.to.face. -ocial networking usage is increasing rapidly among the general population. This influence can either be good or bad for the user.

/ver the years, social networking among university students has become more and more popular. It is a way to make connection, not only on campus, but with friend outside of campus. The e0pansion of devices such as desktop computers, notebooks and smartphones
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also contribute the growth of social network sites usage. As smartphones being able to access the internet and have application of social networking, many people are concerned about how smartphones with social networking application will affect students. -ince, students are increasingly utilizing these social networks for friends news feeds, personal updates, events activities, notes, and messages.

In addition, most of the literature evidences seem to suggest that learners spend a lot of time on social networking sites. This e0penditure of resources and more importantly, time, on online social activities provides an insight into the online behavior and preferences of young adults. The 1)- News National correspondent, 2attie 3auffman reported that many Internet users are spending lesser time in real.world social activities but instead substituting it for spending even more time on online social networking sites 1)-News, !""4$.

In &alaysia, the highest usage of social networking sites was recorded among people aged !" to !5 on which they spending an average of !!.6 hours online per week The Nielsen 1ompany, April !"##$. It has become our concern since !" to !5 is the common age for student of higher institution in &alaysia.

1.2 Problem statement

This study has been undertaken to e0amine weather social networking giving impact to 7niversiti Tenaga Nasional business student or not. Internet is a way that help student8 to find the information efficiently. 2owever, most of the student does not utilize this opportunity on which they spent most of their time to access the social networking sites as a subset of internet addiction.

1.3 Objective of the study

This paper desire to address the following issue9

To find out whether there is an impact of social networking on 7niversity Tenaga Nasional business students.

To e0amine the relationship between the impact of social networking and student academic performance.

1.4 Significant of the study

*ach research has its own benefits. :esearch is a way to gain insight of a particular issue brought forward. There are benefits to student, society, future researcher and personal development. As primarily to the student, this study will enable them to know the impact of social networking sites on their performance.

The second benefits are to the society. /ften researcher do bring bias to e0perimentation, but bias does not limit the ability to be reflective and informative. 1arrying out effect of social networking research allows the researcher to address issues to the society. Therefore, we have an opportunity to help other people to know the implication of this social networking sites. In this regard, this information will be useful and relevant to them.

Ne0t is for the future researcher, this study will serve as reference and baseline information to further develop on studied that enhance the knowledge of researcher. &ost past research focused on Internet addiction with few or no research that has systematically looked on the impact of social networking among &alaysian 7niversity student.

In addition there are also personal benefits. The outcome of this research may also bring many personal gains to the researcher. A person may become an e0pert in this particular topic. A person may also develop several research skills and social networking knowledge. A person may also be able to share their knowledge with others.

1.5 Scope of the study

The scope of this study is encompassing the impact of social network among business student in 7niversiti Tenaga Nasional 7NIT*N$ by collecting survey method that will be made in 7NIT*N 3ampus -ultan 2a,i Ahmad -hah, ;ahang. &ost of the information of this study was obtain from reliable sources, such (eb search engine < =ahoo, >oogle, Journal, -cholar and other database. (e chose the topic about the impact of social networking sites to be studied because it is shown evidently that most of the students in 7NIT*N &uadzam -hah, ;ahang use social networking sites as part of their activities done in the internet.

1.6 Format of the study

The first chapter would be the introductory of this paper. The introduction can be considered not only essential but also important to make clear of what the study is all about. )esides that, this chapter recites the purpose and outline of the significance to this investigation.

The second chapter will demonstrate about the literature review where it provides evidence to show why this research is important. 'iterature review contains the work of previous researcher. It can be used as a reference for the current study. )esides, this chapter includes the critical review that is made based on the literature related to the topic being investigated.

The third chapter is the data and methodology. This chapter is about the source of data, hereby it e0plains from where did the data came from specifically. )esides that, the third chapter also describes the data being used which includes the determinants of variables and formulas being used for the variables selected.

The proceeding chapter concerns the result or findings of the study. It present a complete account of data analysis and result obtained. The result would be in a form of te0t, figures and tables. This would make it easier for the key information to be highlighted.

The fifth chapter states that the conclusion and recommendation. This chapter highlights the main findings and the significance of this research. :ecommendations are made based on the analysis from the derived evidence. The last chapter gathers the entire study containing brief description of the study, research methodology, finding and proposed recommendation.

Chapter 2 Literature evie!

2.1 Previous Studies

These chapters present the review of relevant literature for the study. In this chapter, we will discuss the impact of social networking sites among the students8 as a focus. It shall first
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provide an overview of social networking sites before delving on the main issue. A brief discussion of the literature on the impact of social network to the students8 as seen from &alaysian perspective is also presented.

-ince the introduction of social networking sites, it has attracted a huge following among teenagers and also university students 'enhart ? &adden, !""+$. )y all accounts &alaysian are avid adopters of social networking sites. &alaysian is also among the most prolific of bloggers, reportedly among the first three worldwide on )logger.com. Nine of the top !" websites in &alaysia according to the Ale0a.com are social networking sites. After conducting a study of the influence of social networking sites on students8 academic performance in &alaysia, 2elou and Ab.:ahim !"##$ found that the ma,ority of the respondent agreed that social networking sites have a positive impact on their academic performance@ despite the fact that they also reported that they mainly engaged in social networking sites for social reason rather than academic reason.

-ocial networking sites are often mentioned in relation to student engagement. Junco !"##$, a prolific researcher on modern technology and its effects on education, suggest that using social network in certain ways is positively predictive of student engagement. -upport for the connection between student engagement and student achievement, in relation to the effects of social networking is provided by 2offman !""A$ when she states that among the positive attributes of social networking are impacts on affective aspects of the learning environment as well as impact on motivation of the student. &ahadi and 7baidullah !"#"$ indicate that social networking sites can enhance language, particularly second language, learning since the social interaction, feedback, and learner autonomy found a social networking sites are also the key characteristic of successful language learning. In addition, 1hurchill8s study !""A$ showed that the use of weblog in education facilitated a useful learning atmosphere. 2owever, there are always two sides to every story. (hile some of the researcher may be looking towards social networking sites for inspiration, a look at the other research suggest the connection between social networking sites and student achievement is not always a positive one. -everal studies have found a negative impact between students of social networking sites on their performance. *ven before the development of social networking
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sites such as %acebook and &y-pace, research was reporting that Internet use in general could cause some students8 academic difficulties 3ubey, 'avin ? )arrows, !""#$.

&ost of the previous studies also found a negative correlation between social media and students8 achievement, relying that social network users reported having a lower mean grade point average >;A$. They also reported spending fewer hours per week studying, and engaged in procrastinating behavior. Junco !"#!$, claimed that, large increase in time spent on %acebook relate to lower overall >;A. 2e continues to relate how this increases time on social network would certainly detract from time spent focusing on academic work, and would negatively impact academic success. In 3arpinski8s study the average %acebook user had a >;A of 6." to 6.B, while the non.%acebook user had a >;A of 6.B to 5.". Also, the average %acebook user studied for #.B hours per week, while the non.%acebook user would studied ##.#B hours per week -an &iguel,!""A$.

%lad !"#"$ agrees, reporting that social network sites use can have a negative impact on study habits and homework completion, with students in their study admitting to having spent time on -N-s rather than studying, and that time spent on a -N- has prevented them from completing homework. -imilar findings were reported by ;aul, )aker and 1ochran !"#!$ in a very recent study of the relationship between time spent on online social networking sites and academic performance, stating that time spent on social networking sites is shown to negatively impact academic performance. In a second revealing finding coming from their study, ;aul et al. !"#!$ also reported that as the level of attention deficit increased, the amount of time spent on social networking sites increased, Cimplying that increased levels of attention deficit have a negative, although indirect impact on academic performanceD p. +$. As a result of these findings, ;aul et al. !"#!$ even go so far as to suggest that students should be made aware of the potential detrimental effect -N-s can have on their academic achievement. -martphones are a new concern to the academic world when it comes to social networking. A smartphones is a cell phone that allows users to choose the application they want to install while acting as a communication and computing devices tech.faE.com$. The reason that owning a smartphones will affect the students performance is because A in #" students with
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smartphones access the internet from the devices with various application of social network available 2ernandez, !"#"$. Though there are negative perceptions about the possible effects on social networking sites on students8 academic performance, some studies showed that students found it Euite appropriate for a teacher to use %acebook, and for teachers and students to socialize by this means )aran, !"#"$

A connection between use of social networking sites and improvements in self.esteem and development of the whole person, which can ultimately lead to performance proficiency and future success was noted by =u et al. !"#"$, but despite this positive outlook, the negative side of social networking usage, such as distraction, must also be considered and reviewed. Ahmed and Fazi !"##$, reported results from their study which e0plored the relationship between social networking sites usage and educational performance of the student user, finding that social network sites usage was not significant enough to affect the academic performance of students adversely. Ge)ell and 1hapman !""H$, pointed out that adolescent and young adult are the heaviest users of computers and the internet. -ocial networking sites becomes the latest online communication tool that allows these users to create a public or private profile to interact with people in their networks )oyd ? *llison, !""4$

C"#P$% $" %% &#$# #'& (%$"O&OLO)*

3.1 Introduction

In order to gather the all needed information, the researcher will use both the data collection techniEue which is primary data and secondary data sources. This data is important in order to support the research study. The researcher will apply primary data to gather new data related to the study. The data will be collected using Euestionnaire method.

The Euestionnaire will be distributed to the target respondents which are the business students of 7NIT*N &uadzam -hah. A Euestionnaire is a set of Euestion develop in order to gain necessary data to answer the problem of the study. %or the purpose of this study, the Euestionnaire will be more concentrated on the impact of social networking sites toward students8 performance.

3.2 &ata

A survey about the impact of social networking among 7NIT*N business students8 will be conducted by Euestionnaire survey and the data will be distributed to sample of !"" students in /ctober !"#!. As we specific the scope of this study to business students8, a survey will be distributed to only the current student taking business course in 7NIT*N. The data used in this study were taken from responses to Euestion about the impact of social networking sites. The Euestionnaire will be designed to generate a wide range of data about consumer details of their demographics. 'ist of survey Euestions asked to respondents, and designed to e0tract specific information serves four basic purposes, consist of9

1ollect the appropriate data &ake data comparable and amenable to analysis &inimize bias in formulating and asking Euestion To make Euestions engaging and varied

3.2.1

Sampling

A cluster sampling will be done in a form area sampling. The area sampling offers an ob,ective estimate of the population and is cost effective, economical and easy to use. The following criteria were used to determine sample located in the area of 7NIT*N &uadzam -hah, ;ahang. An e0pected !"" set of Euestionnaires was distributed among the 7niversiti Tenaga Nasional students who are currently ma,oring in bachelor of business, 1ampus -ultan 2a,i Ahmad -hah, ;ahang. (e have obtained from male and female respondent feedback.

3.2.2

&escriptive Statistic

)efore the study determines the relationship between the groups and other ob,ective, the first step is needed to put all data into descriptive statistics. The main purpose of this descriptive statistic is to summarize and descriptive all the data. The data are representing by using table.

3.3 "ypothesis

2ypothesis # 2"9 There is no significant relationship e0ist between the uses of social networking sites and students academic performance. 2#9 There is significant relationship e0ist between the uses of social networking sites and student academic performance
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2ypothesis ! 2"9 There is no significant relationship e0ist between the uses of social networking sites and lower students8 grade point average 2#9 There is significant relationship e0ist between the uses of social networking sites and lower students8 grade point average

2ypothesis 6 2"9 There is no significant relationship e0ist between the usage of social networking sites and various facets of students8 personal development 2#9 There is significant relationship e0ist between the usage of social networking sites and various facets of students8 personal development

3.4 (ethodology

The software used in order to perform the tests were, -tatistical ;ackage for -ocial -cience -;--$. This software could help to analyze all the information accurately. The user of this system applied few option analyses. The freEuency distribution, regression and correlation were conducted by using the -;--. -;-- !"." is a computer application that provides statistical analysis of data. It allows for in.depth data access and preparation, analytical reporting graphics and modeling. -;-- te0t analysis for these surveys is an ideal tool for categorizing analyze that the information obtained from Euestionnaires distributed to 7NIT*N business students. This method can be used to provide more accurate and better result in term of variables that are being tested.

3.4.1

egression analysis

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:egression analysis includes any techniEues for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between dependent variables and one or more independent variables. &ore specifically, regression analysis helps us understand how the typical value of the dependent variables changes when any of the independent variable is varied, while the other dependent variables are held fi0ed. If there is only one independent variable is e0amined, then it is known as simple regression while multiple regression e0plains the techniEues if more than one independent variable been used.

3.4.2

Correlation analysis

-;-- model are used in model to run the correlation in which significantly BI$ significant level, one.tailed and ;earson correlation that are being used. 1orrelation is a vicariate measure of association strength$ of the relationship between two variables. It varies from " random relationship$ to # perfect linear relationship$ or .# perfect negative linear relationship$. %or this paper we select two. tailed test to e0amine whether the correlation between the variables is either positive or negative. /ne then test the chance the observed correlation is significantly different from zero correlation, one way or the other. If for some theoretical reason for one direction of correlation can be ruled out negative or positive$ because it is impossible, then the one. tailed significance can chose. 7sing -;-- choose analyse, 1orrelate and Jicariate@ check two.tailed or one.tailed. The correlation coefficient is always between .# and K#. The closer the correlation is to KL.#. The closer to a perfect linear relationship. 2ere is how this study interpret the correlation between two variables.

.#." to .".+ strong negative association .".+ to .".6 weak negative association .".6 to K".6 little or no association K".6 to K".+ weak positive association K".+ to #." strong positive association

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 '*J*' /% -I>NI%I1AN1* -ignificant ! tailedL# tailed$ ;.Jalue M"."# ;.Jalue M"."B ;.Jalue M".#" :esult Jery significant #I level -ignificant at BI level -ignificant at #"I level

3.5 )ant Chart

The purpose of a >ant chart is to display a pro,ect schedule in a visual way that is easily understood. The following >antt chart is for planning to conduct the research.

$as+,-ee+ Problem Identification Preparing the Proposal Submit the Proposal &ata collection Construct the 4uestionnaire Finali5e the 4uestionnaire

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&istribute the 4uestionnaire Collect the 4uestionnaires #naly5e the data Construct full report Finali5e the report Submit the report Table 6.# >antt 1hart

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