III.

FESTIVALS IN UK
3.1 Introduction In this essay, I am going to write about the most famous and most visited festivals in United Kingdom. United Kingdom is the country full of festivals and the place where every man can find entertainment. A festival is an event, usually and ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on some unique aspect of that community. !any types of festivals serve to meet specific needs, as well as to provide entertainment. "hough many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some artistic significance. In addition, certain institutions celebrate their own festival to mar# some noteworthy occasions in their past. "hese occasions could be the day these institutions were founded or any other occurrence, which they decide to commemorate periodically, usually annually. "here are various #inds of festivals in United Kingdom, so I am going to choose the cities that I consider that are the biggest places of the famous festivals in United Kingdom, and these cities are $ondon and %dinburgh. %&cept these two cities, I am going to ta#e one more city about which I never learned anything before. I am going to write about it because I would li#e to #now better about that city and the festivals that it offers, and that city is '&ford. 3.2 Londons Festivals As soon as you enter the city, $ondon opens its gates of hospitality and the options to entertain yourself are endless. (ou will be engrossed in the energy of the city and you will be swept off your feet when it comes to being entertained by the people from $ondon. It is always bubbling with activity during the day and during the night. $ondon is the centre of tourism in %ngland and offers numerous tourist attractions for the travellers and visitors. !usic, firewor#s, street theatre, dance, and the parades all )oin to form the festive activities in $ondon. $ondon will ma#e you laugh until you drop with the comedy shows it has to offer. "he greatest $ondon*s festival is $ondon*s +ew (ear*s ,ay -arade, but there is also a great number of other interesting festivals li#e .'/ /ovent 0arden 1estival, ,ulwich 1estival, 2ampstead and 2ighgate 1estival, $ufthansa 1estival of .aroque !usic, %ast .arnet 1estival, $ondon3 International festival of "heatre 4$I1"5, August Kids 6ee#, ../ $ondon -romenade /oncerts, $ondon festival of /hamber !usic, $ondon to .righton 7eteran /ar 8un, %uropride $ondon, !ardi 0ras Arts 1estival, and many others.

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3.2.1 Londons New ears !a" #arade "he +ew (ear*s ,ay -arade ; $ondon has evolved in to one of the 6orld*s great street spectaculars with up to <,<<< performers from across continents, hundreds of thousands of spectators on the streets ; and a live television audience of tens of millions.: $ondon*s +ew (ear*s ,ay -arade is the well;#nown $ondon*s festival, which is held each year in =anuary. "he +ew (ear*s ,ay -arade is good for $ondon and millions of people worldwide en)oy it. It is the biggest festival of its #ind in the world, and a ma)or entry in the United Kingdom. "his occasion offers a free entertainment for all the family, which would be entertained by various #inds of performances. "here were hundreds of musicians and dancers, who amused the audience. .oth sides of the streets can receive 9: a million people, and also a huge amount of international media are there on that day. "he festival was formatted in the twentieth century, and it was then #nown as Lord Mayor of Westminster's Big Parade, but in those times, the parade was a rather poor according to parades in these years. "he first this parade too# place on st =anuary >?@. "he event was renamed in the London Parade in >>A, and then in the Millennium Parade in :<<<. Btarting in >>@, the -arade raises large funds each year for charity. 1inally, the festival too# the name The New Years Day Parade - London in :<< , and that name continues even today and it is part of the $ondon -arade 1estival.C !oreover, this festival was spectacular every year. "here is always something new to chec# outD 3.3 $%&ords Festivals '&ford is one of the most beautiful cities in %urope, which is located in the county '&fordshire, %ngland. Its main attraction is the colleges, built in a great variety of architectural styles, and also +orman castle and the .otanic 0ardens. 'ne of the oldest, the most beautiful, and the most famous college is '&ford University, which is made up of many individual colleges, and the best #nown is /hrist /hurch /ollege. "he city is about ?< #ilometres of $ondon, and it lies on the 8iver /herwell and on the 8iver "hames.A ,uring the %nglish /ivil 6ar, '&ford was "he 8oyalist /apital. /hrist /hurch is the most magnificent and architecturally impressive of all the '&ford /olleges, and it is the main place of '&ford*s festivals. /hrist /hurch was the inspiration for $ewis /arroll*s EAlice in 6onderland* and more recently, the 0reat 2all was the setting for the 2ogwart*s 2all in = K 8owling*s 2arry -otter films. /hrist /hurch today is one of the leading /olleges in "he University of '&ford F with
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undergraduate and postgraduate students from home and out of the country. "he /ollege provides a splendid variety of facilities and venues for the 1estival. ,uring "he 1estival, the /athedral 4and /ollege /hapel5 offers /horal %vensong services and special events. 3.3.1 $%&ord Literar" Festival "he '&ford $iterary 1estival is held each year in !arch and it lasts for nine days. It offers a fantastic range of meetings, tal#s, discussions, debates, readings, $iterary $unches and ,inners in the outstanding and beautiful surroundings of /hrist /hurch that is the home of "he 1estival and /orpus /hristi /ollege. "here are also many events held in "he Bheldonian "heatre, "he .odleian $ibrary and other prestigious venues. /orpus /hristi /ollege will be included in the program of the 1estival for the first time this year 4:< <5 because it offers a great number of little and beautiful quads, an ancient library, and pleasing to the eye gardens. "his /ollege is founded in G @. "he third 1iction /reative 6riting /ourse will be held in /orpus /hristi. "he Bheldonian "heatre is the official place of the 1estivals meetings, ceremonies, and some most prestigious events. Artists, theologians, philosophers, children*s writers, architects, environmentalists, and engineers will )oin novelists, poets, critics, historians, politicians, scientists, and medics. "he 1estival reflects the great literary traditions of "he University of '&ford, and its historic /olleges, as well as the contemporary reputation of its ,epartments and Institutes in every field of scholarship, research, and enquiry. %&cept these festivals for older public, there are also festivals for children, which are also great and entertaining. "he '&ford $iterary 1estival is highly praised for its motivating and challenging program and the e&cellence and courage of its debates. "here is the warmth of the welcome for all who attend "he 1estival, and the opportunity for the public to meet and unite with authors, writers, and public figures.G It is also important to say that there are many disabilities. "he organiHers did not ensure many places for par#ing, and not all parts of /hrist /hurch are accessible to wheelchair users, but those who want to go to the 1estival can be dropped off and pic#ed up from strictly definite points only. "hey said t'at li(its on t'e nu()er o& w'eelc'air users are )ecause o& sa&e evacuation in case o& &ire or ot'er ur*ent situation. /hrist /hurch comprises buildings from several centuries, and those buildings are not built in accordance with contemporary building norms. Although buildings are maintained to a good standard, a level wal#ing surface may not be encountered everywhere. "he college maintains levels of lighting appropriate to the environment of a historic academic institution and lighting levels are variable. All people should ta#e appropriate care. I
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1or many 1estival;goers one of the greatest pleasures is the opportunity to stay at /hrist /hurch for all > days or perhaps a long wee#end, or a couple of nights with brea#fast each morning in the 0reat 2all. 2owever, there is also a wide variety of accommodation; great number of rooms in historic and modern buildings or traditional bloc#s, and many hotels in the city or very near the city.@ "he '&ford $iterary 1estival*s profile and reputation continue to grow. "his 1estival offers entertainment, e&ploration, and ideas aplenty. It has become a true festival of ideas. %ach year it attracts new writers, terrific spea#ers, and a larger following. At each level, it has become a fantastic celebration for '&ford of things well written and things well said. It offers e&periences that ma#e life unforgettable. -eople of all ages and bac#grounds have a very good time. "hey get together, meet authors, )oin in lively tal#, e&plore new ideas, and even have a laugh. 6hen readers meet writers, and writers meet readers, e&citing, challenging, valuable, en)oyable, unpredictable, humorous, and memorable things happen. It is all very e&citingD 3.+ Edin)ur*'s Festivals "his city is very popular for the all #inds of festivals and other things for entertainment, and with $ondon and /ardiff is one of the most beautiful cities in 0reat .ritain. %dinburgh is generally #nown all through the world as the 1estival /ity. 7isitors come to %dinburgh every year to e&perience the eight summer festivals*, which presents diversity of artists and events. ? I am going to write about the most famous %dinburgh*s festival; the %dinburgh 1estival 1ringe. "he %dinburgh 1estival 1ringe is the biggest arts festival in the world, with something for everyone3 theatre, comedy, music, dance, e&hibitions and much more.> It is also important to mention festivals, which are very renowned in %dinburgh, and those festivals are the :< < %dinburgh !ilitary "attoo and the annual %dinburgh 1estival. "he :< < %dinburgh !ilitary "attoo is one of the world*s most spectacular festivals, which is hosting talents from the entire world 4pipers, singers, dancers, and an amaHing motorcycle display team5. "he stress is very much on music of the popular bands.
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"he annual %dinburgh 1estival is a collection of free

festivals held from August. "he huge range and number of artistic events, performances, and e&hibitions ma#es a trip to %dinburgh unforgettable. A great number of officially unrelated organiHations arranges these festivals, meaning there is no single event officially termed the %dinburgh 1estival. "here is also a list of some other %dinburgh*s festivals. "hey are %dinburgh
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=aHH and .lues 1estival, %dinburgh International 1estival 4the original festival consisting of classical and contemporary theatre, opera, music, dance, visual arts, tal#s, and wor#shops5, %dinburgh International 1ilm 1estival 4it was traditionally held in August but, from :<<? is being held in late =une5, 1estival of Bpirituality and -eace, %dinburgh /hristmas, 1estival of -olitics, and 6est -ort .oo# 1estival 4a free boo# festival based around secondhand boo#shops in the 6est -ort area5. 3.+.1 Edin)ur*' Festival Frin*e "he %dinburgh 1estival 1ringe 4"he 1ringe5 started life as a small scale fringe event to the %dinburgh International 1estival in >A@, but is now the largest of all the festivals and certainly the largest arts festival in the world. It includes theatre, music, musicals, comedy, dance, and children*s shows. : "here are more than :<<< shows, but theatre was the largest genre in terms of number of shows until :<<?, when it was overta#en by comedy, which has been the foremost growth area over the last :< years. In :<<>, CGN of shows were comedy and :?N were theatre. "heatre events can range from the classics of ancient 0reece, 6illiam Bha#espeare, and Bamuel .ec#ett, through to new wor#s, and in :<<> C@N of shows were world premieres. 2owever, there is no selection committee to approve the entries so any type of event is possible. In addition to tic#eted events 4those included in the program5, there is also an ongoing street fair, particularly on the 8oyal !ile. "his festival lasts for three wee#s every August alongside several other arts and cultural festivals, collectively #nown as the %dinburgh 1estival. "he 1ringe got its name in >A? after 8obert Kemp, a Bcottish playwright, wrote during the second %dinburgh International 1estival3 E8ound the fringe of official 1estival drama, there seems to be more private enterprise than beforeO I am afraid some of us are not going to be at home during the eveningsD*. In the beginning, students and volunteers were ta#ing care about organiHing the festival, but later 1estival 1ringe Bociety too# in charge the organiHation of the 1ringe. "he %dinburgh 1estival 1ringe has grown dramatically since its beginning. C A computeriHed boo#ing system was first installed in the early >><s, allowing tic#ets to be bought at a number of locations around the city. Beveral venues use their own tic#eting systemsP this is partly due to issues of commissions and how tic#et revenue is distributed, and was reinforced by the :<<? failure of the main bo& office. .ecause of the failure of the computeriHed tic#eting system, the 1ringe faced the biggest crisis in its history, but in the following year, it recovered. %dinburgh has spawned many notable original shows of which the most noticeable are "om Btoppard*s play 8osencrantH and 0uildenstern Are ,ead, Bha#espeare*s 2amlet, .ing 2itler, : Angry !en, !oscow Btations, 1ame and so on. "here are a growing number of awards for 1ringe
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shows, for the most part in the field of drama. "he 1ringe is an opportunity for ideas and achievement unique in the United Kingdom, and also in the whole world. It stays as the greatest arts festival in the world, because it offers everything in one city, but on the different venues, it has lots of amusing and interesting shows and performances, and because of its immensity. 3., -onclusion "his essay provides you with great number of details of the most spectacular United Kingdom*s festivals. All the festivals that I was writing about are very specific and unique. In this essay, you will also find out many remar#able and interesting things about $ondon, '&ford, and %dinburgh, places that are the locations of these festivals. $ondon*s +ew (ear*s ,ay -arade is the greatest festival of its #ind in the world, and the biggest spectacle in the United Kingdom, but in the beginning, all its performances were rather poor. '&ford is a city situated very close to $ondon, and its greatest festival is '&ford $iterary 1estival. "his 1estival offers entertainment, e&ploration, and ideas aplenty. ,uring this festival, you can introduce many writers, poets, historians, theologians, artists, politicians, and scientists, and you can also have long discussions with them. "he most popular city of festivals is %dinburgh. It offers a huge amount of entertainment every year. %dinburgh*s most amaHing festival is %dinburgh 1estival 1ringe, which includes theatre, music, comedy, and dance. Although, the festival had many crises, it is the largest and the most noteworthy arts festival nowadays. All these festivals are very important and significant for the culture and tourism of the United Kingdom, so we can say that they are also very profitable. .ecause of all this, we can say that the United Kingdom is a site of the greatest festivals in the world.
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!e&inition/ worthy of noticeP Ta noteworthy advance in cancer researchT 'ommemorate 4#omemoraci)a, odati poRast5 !e&inition/ mar# by some ceremony or observationP T"he citiHens mar# the anniversary of the revolution with a march and a paradeTP be or provide a memorial to a person or an event !ngross 4obuHeti, ovladati5 !e&inition3 consume all of oneUs attention or timeP T2er interest in butterflies absorbs her completelyT $enue 4m)esto nat)ecan)a, m)esto Hbivan)a5 !e&inition/ the scene of any event or action 4especially the place of a meeting5P in law3 the )urisdiction where a trial will be held Prestigious 4otm)en, prestiSan5 !e&inition/ e&erting influence by reason of high status or prestigeP Ta prestigious professor at a prestigious universityT5 Norm 4norma, m)erilo5 !e&inition3 a standard or model or pattern regarded as typicalP Tthe current middle;class norm of two children per familyT $aria(le 4vari)abla, prom)en)ivo5 !e&inition3 something that is li#ely to varyP something that is sub)ect to variationP Tthe weather is one variable to be consideredT !)hi(itions 4postave, iHloSbe5 !e&inition3 the act of e&hibitingP Ta remar#able e&hibition of musicianshipTP a collection of things 4goods or wor#s of art etc.5 for public display5 *enowned 4poHnat, Ruvan5 !e&inition3 widely #nown and esteemedP Ta famous actorTP Ta celebrated musicianTP Ta famed scientistT +ringe 4granica, rub5 !e&inition3 the outside boundary or surface of somethingP a part of the city far removed from the centerP Tthey built a factory on the outs#irts of the cityT ,#e"ta"le 4gluma, predstava, priHor5 !e&inition3 something or someone seen 4especially a notable or unusual sight5P an elaborate and remar#able display on a lavish scale Profita(le 4unosan, #oristan5 !e&inition/ yielding material gain or profitP Tprofitable speculation on the stoc# mar#etT