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The triangle inequality is one of the most fundamental inequalities in mathematics. Several authors have been treating its generalizations and reverse inequalities (cf. [2, 5] and etc). In 2007, Kato-Saito-Tamura in [6] showed the sharp triangle inequality and its reverse inequality with n elements in a Banach space to study the geometrical structure of a Banach space. In this talk we present the recent results on sharp triangle inequalities in [6, 10, 11].
We rst consider nonzero vectors x1 , , xn in a Banach space X . KatoSaito-Tamura in [6] showed the sharp triangle inequality and its reverse inequality, as follows: Theorem 1 ([6]). For all nonzero elements x1 , x2 , , xn in a Banach space X,
n n
xj +
j =1 n
n
j =1
xj xj
1j n
min xj
j =1 n
xj
n
j =1
xj +
n
j =1
xj xj
1j n
max xj .
Theorem 2. For all nonzero elements x, y in a Banach space X with x y x+y + 2 (1) x + y x+y + 2 x y + x y x . y x + x y y
The inequality (1) was given earlier in Hudzik-Landes [5] (see also Maligranda [7]). Moreover, Hsu-Shaw-Wong in [4] gave these inequalities for strongly integrable functions with values in a Banach space. Mitani-Saito-Kato-Tamura in [10] showed the following inequalities which are sharper than two inequalities of Theorem 1. Theorem 3 ([10]). For all nonzero elements x1 , , xn in a Banach space X , n 2,
n n k
xj +
j =1 n k=2
k
j =1
x j x j
( x k xk+1 )
j =1 n
xj
n n
j =1
xj
k=2
k
j =n(k1)
x j x j
( x nk xn(k1) ),
Theorem 4 ([10]). For all nonzero elements x, y, z in a Banach space X with x y z x+y+z + 3 + 2 x y + x y x y z + + x y z ( y z ) z
x + y + z x+y+z + 3 2 y z + y z x y z + + x y z ( x y ). x
Moreover we consider the equality attainedness for sharp triangle inequalities in a strictly convex Banach space. For each m with 1 m n, we put Im = {1, 2, , m}. For =
+ (1 , 2 , , n ) Rn and 1 m n, we dene Im () = {k Im : k > 0} and Im () = {k Im : k < 0}. For a nite set A, the cardinal number of A
is denoted by |A|. Theorem 5 ([11]). Let X be a strictly convex Banach space and x1 , x2 , , xn nonzero elements in X with x1 > x2 > > xn . Then
n n k
xj +
j =1 k=2
k
j =1
xj xj
( xk xk+1 ) =
j =1
xj
with 1 m n.
3
References
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