Investigatory Project on Chemistry

For the session 2013 -2014

To detect the presence of lactic acid in different samples of curd

Submitted by : Upasana Sahoo Std - XII
Roll No. DAV Public School Sec-6 , CDA,

PREFACE
The investigatory project on chemistry for the year (2012-13) on the topic
To detect of presence of lactic acid in different samples of curd Submitted by Upasana sahoo Std-xii D.A.V. public school Sector -6,CDA, Cuttack

For the fulfillment of terms and condition set by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) for ALL India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE) 2013- 14

Project supervisor Mr. Sambit Mishra M.Sc, M.Phil (chem.), B.Ed Dept of Chem. DAV public school, Sec 6, CDA, Cuttack

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled TO DETECT THE PRESCENCE OF LACTIC ACID IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF CURD by UPASANA SAHOO is in accordance to the topic allotted to him. This project is submitted for the fulfillment of terms and conditions of CBSE for ALL INDIA senior secondary certificate examination (AISSCE) 2013-14. It embodies the original work done by him under the supervision and guidance of
Mr. Sambit Mishra DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY D.A.V PUBLIC SCHOOL , C.D.A , CUTTACK

Signature of student

signature of teacher

ACKNOWELEDGEMENT I express my deep sense of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Sambit Mishra, Dept. of chemistry , DAV Public school , cuttack, for
his constant encouragement , valuable guidance and inspiration without which the project could not have been successful. I am grateful to my parents, who provided their valuable suggestion for completion of this project and encouraging me throughout the tenure of this project.

UPASANA SAHOO

D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL C.D.A , CUTTACK.

DECLARATION
I, Upasana Sahoo of Std-XII of DAV Public School, CDA, Cuttack, do hereby declare that , this project entitled
TO DETECT THE PRESCENCE OF LACTIC ACID IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF CURD

Submitted for the Chemistry Practical Paper for All India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE) , 2013-14 consists of original work done by me under the supervision and guidance of my chemistry teacher.

D.A.V. Public School

Upasana Sahoo Std- XII , Science

Date :

Roll No. :

AIM OF THE PROJECT

To detect the presence of

lactic acid in different samples of curd

Reagents and apparatus Reagents

1. Different samples of curd 2. Sodium carbonate solution 3. Ferric chloride solution 4. Sodium hydroxide solution 5. Phenol 6. Test tube 7. Test tube stand 8. Glass rod 9. Beaker 10. Spatula

PRINCIPLE INVOLVED
LACTIC ACID present in the curd is obtained by fermentation of milk by bacteria LACTIC BACILI. [ ( ) ]

As LACTIC ACID contains-COOH group and alcoholic group the tests which are characteristics of these groups such as CARBONATE TEST shows the presence of COOH group. FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST by formation of coloured complex. Change of violet colour of phenol with ferric chloride to yellow on adding is due to the replacement of phenol from ferric complex. It gives IODOFORM TEST showing the presence of secondary alcoholic group which is bonded to methyl group.

PROCEDURE:The following tests are performed with COWS MILK CURD .

CARBONATE TEST OBSERVATIO INFERENCE N 2ml of CO Effervescence -COOH solution is added to 2 volved due to present ml of curd formation of CO FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION 2 drops of is added to 2 test tubes , ne with 2 ml of curd and other with water. IODOFORM TEST OBSERVATION group is

INTERFERENCE is

The curd solu-OH group tion turns yellow present while water remains colourless. OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Strong iodine followed by NaOH is added to 2 of curd solution.

Yellow Secondary crustalline pp. of alcoholic group iodoform is is present. formed.

PROCEDURE:The following tests are performed with GOATS MILK. GOATS MILK CURD. CARBONATE TEST 2 ml of Na CO is added to 2 ml of curd. FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION 2 drops of ferric chloride is added to 2 test tubes , one with 2 ml of curd and other with water. IODOFORM TEST Strong iodine followed by NaOH is added to 2 ml of curd solution OBSERVATION Effervsence is observed due to formation of CO . OBSERVATION INFERENCE -COOH group is present.

INFERENCE

The curd solution -OH group is turns yellow while present. water remains colourless.

OBSERVATION Yellow crystalline ppt. of iodine is formed.

INFERENCE Secondary alcoholic group present.

PROCEDURE :
The following procedures are performed with SOYA BEANS MILK CURD. CARBONATE TEST OBSERVATION effervescence is 2 ml of Na CO solution is added to observed due formation of CO . 2 ml of curd. FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION 2 drops of ferric chloride is added to 2 tubes. One with 2 ml of curd and the other with water IODOFORM TEST Strong iodine followed by NaOH is added to 2 ml of curd solution. OBSERVATION INFERENCE -COOH group is present. INFERENCE

The curd solution -OH group is turns yellow while absent. water remains colourless.

OBSERVATION Yellow crystalline ppt of iodoform is formed.

INFERENCE Secondary alcoholic group is present .

PROCEDURE:
The following tests are performed with COCONUTS MILK CURD.

CARBONATE TEST 2 ml of Na solution is added to 2 ml of curd. FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST 2 drops of ferric chloride solution is added to 2 test tubes, one with 2 ml curd and the other with water. IODOFORM TEST Strong iodine followed by NaOH is added to 2 ml of curd solution.

OBSERVATION Effervescence is observed due to evolution of .

INFERENCE -COOH group is present.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

The curd solution -OH group is turns yellow while present. water remains colourless.

OBSERVATION INFERENCE Yellow crystals of Secondary iodoform is formed alcoholic group is present.

PROCEDURE :
the following tests are performed with OMFEDS MILK CURD. CARBONATE TEST 2 ml of Na CO is added to 2 ml of curd. FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST 2 drops of ferric chloride is added to test tubes , one with 2 ml of curd solution. IODOFORM TEST Strong iodine followed by NaOH is added to 2 ml of curd solution. OBSERVATION Effervescence is evolved due to formation of OBSERVATION INFERENCE -COOH group is present .

INFERENCE

The curd solution -OH group is turns yellow while present. water remains colourless.

OBSERVATION Yellow crystalline ppt. of iodoform is formed.

INFERENCE Secondary alcoholic group is present.

CONTENTS SL. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. TOPIC

AIM OF THE PROJECT REAGENTS AND APPARATUS REQUIRED PRINCIPLE INVOLVED PROCEDURE(COWS MILK, GOATS MILK, SOYA BEANS MILK, COCONUTS MILK, OMFEDS MILK) OBSERVATION REACTIONS INVOLVED RESULT INFRENCE CONCLUSION PRECAUTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY

PAGE NO.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

AND

OBSERVATION
REACTIONS INVOLVED:CARBONATE TEST:
( ) ( )

FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST:

CH ( ) [ ( ( ) )]

IODOFORM TEST:
CH ( )

RESULT AND INFERENCE :

ALL FIVE DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF CURD CONTAIN LACTIC ACID

CONCLUSION

LACTIC ACID: It is the constituent of milk and hence its name is derived from ( L.LACTIS = milk) PROPERTIES : Physical: lactic acid is colourless liquid, sour in taste with melting point at 291K and of specific gravity of 1.25 and is soluble in water , alcohol and ether. Chemical: lactic acid molecule contains a secondary alcoholic -COOH group , a carboxyl group as an -hydroxy ( ) propionic acid with the chemical formula Preparation: 1. By hydrolysis of ACETALDEHYDE CYANOHYDRINS 2. B fermentation of molasses by micro-organisms BACILLUS ACEDILACTI. They are optically active due to the presence of central asymmetric carbon atom.it occurs in isomers. Optically inactive -L.LACTIC ACID . This form is found in sour milk and gastric juice .The other two active forms are , Dextro- rotatory lactic acid & laevo- rotatory lactic acid ( unstable at room temperature).

Uses:

1. In dairy products

2.As acidulant in beverages and candles

3.As a mordant

4.As a plasticizer

5.Calcium and iron lactates used in medicine

PRECAUTIONS:-

The tst tube should be clean and dry. Only required amount of chemicals should be added. The chemicals should be handled carefully.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comprehensive chemistry class XII. Chemistry Laboratory Manual by Laxmi publication. Modern College of Chemistry (II) by K.D. Sharma & J.Y.R. Sharma.