PROBLEM 12-30

Statement:

_____

A 38-tooth helical gear is cut with a 25-degree-pressure-angle hob at a helix angle of 30 deg. The hob has a standard diametral pitch of 4. The resulting teeth ha e standard spur-gear dimensions in the normal plane. !ind the pitch diameter" addendum" dedendum" outside diameter" normal" trans erse" and axial pitch" and the trans erse pressure angle. Normal plane !ata* +ressure an(le %ther !ata* Number o' teeth
1

Given:

n := #5 deg
N := 38

$iametral pitch

p nd := & in

,elix an(le

:= 30 deg

Solution: 1.

-ee .athca! 'ile +1#30.

Use equation 1#.1d to calculate the trans)erse !iametral pitch. p d := p nd cos( ) p d = 3.&/& in
1

#.

Use equations 1#.1 to 'in! the pitch !iameter" trans)erse pitch" normal pitch" an! axial pitch. +itch !iameter d := p t := N pd d = 10.970 in p t = 0.907 in p n = 0.785 in p x = 1.571 in

Trans)erse pitch

pd

Normal pitch

p n := p t cos( ) p x := pn

Axial pitch

sin ( )

3.

Use the equations in Table 11-1 ith the normal !iametral pitch to calculate the a!!en!um" !e!en!um" an! outsi!e !iameter. A!!en!um a := 1 p nd 1.#5 p nd a = 0.#50 in

$e!en!um

b :=

b = 0.313 in D = 11.&70 in

%utsi!e !iameter &.

D := d + # a

Use equation 1#.# to 'in! the pressure an(le in the trans)erse plane.

t := atan

tan ( n) cos( )

t = #8.300 deg

PROBLEM 12-32
Statement:

_____

A #$-tooth" 30-deg helix angle" helical gear is in mesh with a 20-tooth pinion. The p d % & and % 20 deg. !ind the trans erse and axial contact ratios. Tooth numbers* +ressure an(le $iametral pitch N g := 79
1

Given:

Np := #0 ,elix an(le

:= #0 deg
p d := / in

:= 30 deg

Assumptions: The 'ace i!th 'actor is fwf := 1# Solution: 1. -ee .athca! 'ile +1#3#.

Use equation 11.7 to 'in! the trans)erse contact ratio. 0ircular pitch 3ase pitch +inion* +itch !ia +itch ra! 4ear* +itch !ia +itch ra! d g := d p := Np pd d p = 3.333 in rp = 1.//7 in p c :=

pd

p c = 0.5#& in p b = 0.&9# in

p b := p c cos( )

rp := 0.5 d p Ng pd

d g = 13.1/7 in rg = /.583 in a = 0.1/7 in

rg := 0.5 d g a := 1.0 pd Np + Ng # p d

A!!en!um

0enter !istance 1en(th o' action Z :=

C :=

C = 8.#50 in

( rp + a) # ( rp cos( ) )

( rg + a) # ( rg cos( ) )

C sin ( )

Z = 0.83# in Trans)erse contact ratio #. mp := Z pb mp = 1./90

Use equation 1#.5 to 'in! the trans)erse contact ratio. 2ace i!th F := fwf pd F p d tan ( ) F = #.000 in

Axial contact ratio

mF :=

mF = #.#05

PROBLEM 12-36
Statement:

_____

(i)e the helical gears in problem *2-34 for a bending factor of safet+ of at least 2.5 assuming a stead+ tor,ue" 20 deg pressure angle" full depth teeth" ,ualit+ index of **" an A-(4340 steel pinion" and an A-#-d nodular iron gear. rev := # rad Tooth numbers* 2actor o' sa'et5 +o er to be transmitte! 7hp8 <otational spee! o' pinion 7rpm8 +ressure an(le rpm := rev min N p := #0
1

nits: Given:

Ng := 79 <eliabilit5 A4.A =ualit5 le)el 1i'e 7c5cles8 ,elix an(le ! := 0.99 Qv := 11 N := 10

7

N fb := #.5 H := #0 "W n := 1#00 rpm

:= #0 deg

:= 30 deg

Solution: 'inion 1. #.

-ee .athca! 'ile +1#3/. Jp := 0.&/

$etermine the ben!in( (eometr5 'actor" 6 7Table 1#-38

9rite the equations 'or pitch !iameter" pitch-line )elocit5" an! transmitte! loa! in terms o' the un:no n !iametral pitch" p!. Note that" in .athca!" unit con)ersion 'actors are not inclu!e!. +itch !iameter o' pinion 7in8 d ( p d) := Vt( p d) := Wt( p d) := K a := 1 Np pd d ( p d) n # H

+itch-line )elocit5 7'pm8

Transmitte! loa! 7lb'8

Vt( p d)

3. &.

-et the application 'actor" Ka

9rite the equation 'or the !5namic loa! 'actor" K v B := 0.#5 ( 1# Qv ) B = 0.#50
0.///7

:= 50 + 5/ 7 1 B8 Kv ( p d) :=

= 9#.000
B

min + Vt( p d) ft

5. /.

Tentati)el5 choose the mountin( 'actor" Km 7Assume # ; F ; / in8 The ben!in( stress equation 'or the pinion is

K m := 1.7

bp( pd , F ) :=

K a Wt( p d) p d K m K v ( p d) F J p

7.

$etermine the en!urance stren(th o' the pinion. 1i'e 'actor <eliabilit5 Temperature 'actor .aterial ben!in( stren(th 7psi8 A>-> &3&0 Nitri!e! steel ?n!urance stren(th # fbp := # atp K' K* K! K' := 1./831 N
0.03#3

K' = 1.000 K! = 1.000 K* := 1 # atp := &#000 psi # fbp = &#001 psi

K! := 0.7 0.15 )og 7 1 !8

8.

9rite the !esi(n equations usin( the ran(e o' 'ace- i!th to !iametral-pitch ratio (i)en on pa(e 7&0 o' the text" an! the ben!in( stress equation" sol)e! 'or the un:no n 'ace i!th. Upper limit F( ( p d) := F'( p d) := # fb 1/ pd 8 pd

1o er limit

-a'et5 'actor

Nfb

b
Ka Wt( p d) p d Km Nfb Kv ( p d) Jp # fbp

2ace i!th

F ( p d) :=

9. 10

+lot F$%& )s. p o)er the ran(e

d

p d :=

1 1.5 10 , .. in in in

2rom the (raph" choose a stan!ar! )alue o' p d 'rom Table 11-#. p d := 8 in
1 F pd in F' pd in F( pd in

&

( ) ( ) ( )

11.

The calculate! )alue o' F is F ( p d) = #.119 in

1#.

<oun! this up to the !ecimal equi)alent o' a common 'ractional )alue. F := #.1#5 in

13.

Then" the parameters that !epen! on p d an! F are* d ( p d) = #.500 in Vt( p d) = 785 ft min Kv ( p d) = 0.93/ Wt( p d) = 11#7 )bf
0 # 3 & 5 / pd in 7 8 9 10

!"G RE 12-36A

bp( p d , F ) = 1/75/ psi

Graph of Face Width and Limits for the Pinion in Problem 12-36

The assumption ma!e in step 5 is correct so no 'urther iteration is require!.

./A0 1&. $etermine the ben!in( (eometr5 'actor" 6 7Table 1#-58 Jg := 0.50 Ka Wt( p d) p d Km Kv ( p d) F Jg

15.

The ben!in( stress equation 'or the (ear is

bg( p d , F ) :=

1/.

$etermine the en!urance stren(th o' the (ear. .aterial ben!in( stren(th 7psi8 A-7-! no!ular iron ?n!urance stren(th # fbg := # atg K' K * K!

# atg := 3&000 psi # fbg = 3&001 psi

17.

9rite the !esi(n equations usin( the ran(e o' 'ace- i!th to !iametral-pitch ratio (i)en on pa(e 7&0 o' the text" an! the ben!in( stress equation" sol)e! 'or the un:no n 'ace i!th. Upper limit F( ( p d) := F' ( p d) := # fb 1/ pd 8 pd

1o er limit

-a'et5 'actor

Nfb

b
Ka Wt( p d) p d Km Nfb Kv ( p d) Jg # fbg

2ace i!th

F ( p d) :=

18. 19.

+lot F$%& )s. p o)er the ran(e

d

p d :=

1 1.5 10 , .. in in in
/ F pd in F' pd in F( pd in

2rom the (raph" choose a stan!ar! )alue o' p d 'rom Table 11-#. p d := / in
1

( ) ( ) ( )

&.5

#0.

The calculate! )alue o' F is F ( p d) = 1.3/7 in

#1.

<oun! this up to the !ecimal equi)alent o' a common 'ractional )alue. F := 1.375 in

1.5

##.

Then" the parameters that !epen! on + an! 2 are* d ( p d) = 3.333 in Vt( p d) = 10&7 ft min K v ( p d) = 0.9#7 Wt( p d) = 8&5 )bf

&

/ pd in

10

2>4U<? 1#-3/3 4raph o' 2ace 9i!th an! 1imits 'or the 4ear in +roblem 1#-3/

bg( p d , F ) = 135#1 psi

#3.

The (ear !imensions are lar(er 7smaller !iametral pitch means bi((er teeth8 than 'or the pinion. This means that e ill accept the (ear requirements 'or the pinion" thus" 'or the set $iametral pitch 2ace i!th p d = / in
1

F = 1.375 in

#&.

$etermine the reali@e! 'actor o' sa'et5 'or the (ear usin( the abo)e )alues 'or F an! p d. 4ear 'actor o' sa'et5 N fbg :=

bg( p d , F )

# fbg

Nfbg = #.5

#5.

0hec: the 'actor o' sa'et5 on the pinion* +inion 'actor o' sa'et5 N fbp :=

bp( p d , F )

# fbp

Nfbp = #.9

PROBLEM 12-23
Statement: (i)e the be el gears in problem *2-5 for a minimum safet+ factor of *.4 for an+ mode of failure of pinion or gear assuming a 5-+ear" *-shift life" stead+ tor,ue" ,ualit+ index of $" an A-(- 4*40 steel pinion and gear. rev := # rad 2actor o' sa'et5 +o er to be transmitte! 7hp8 <otational spee! o' pinion 7rpm8 Number o' pinion teeth Assumptions: rpm := rev min
1

nits: Given:

,r := #080 +r Number o' (ear teeth <eliabilit5 A4.A =ualit5 le)el 1i'e 75ears8 Ng := 1#/ ! := 0.99 Qv := 9 'ife := 5 ,r

Nfc := 1.& H := 7&/ W n p := 1000 rpm Np := 1&

1. >' both pinion an! (ear are the same material" it ill onl5 be necessar5 to !etermine the pinion si@e as it ill be (o)ernin( 'or the set. #. >' the (ears are not sur'ace har!ene!" it ill onl5 be necessar5 to !esi(n to the sur'ace requirement as it ill be (o)ernin( 'or both ben!in( an! sur'ace stresses. -ee .athca! 'ile +1##3. - := 0.09#

Solution:

1. $etermine the sur'ace (eometr5 'actor" -. 'rom 2i(ure 1#-//

#. 9rite the equations 'or pitch !iameter" pitchline )elocit5" an! transmitte! loa! in terms o' the un:no n !iametral pitch" p!. Note that" in .athca!" unit con)ersion 'actors are not inclu!e!. +itch !iameter o' pinion 7in8 d p( p d) := Vtp( p d) := *p := H np Cs := 1
0.///7

Np pd Np # p d np

d g( p d) :=

Ng pd

pitchline )elocit5 7'pm8

Transmitte! loa! 7lb'8

*p = /3.051 in )bf Cf := 1 B = 0.5# = 7/.878

B

3. -et the application 'actor" Ca &. 9rite the equation 'or the !5namic loa! 'actor" Cv

Ca := 1

B := 0.#5 ( 1# Qv )

:= 50 + 5/ 7 1 B8 Cvp( p d) :=

min + Vtp( p d) ft

5. Tentati)el5 choose the mountin( 'actor" Cmd /. 0hoose an elastic coe''icient 'rom Table 11-18 7steel on steel8 an! a stress a!Austment constant. 7. $etermine the en!urance stren(th o' the pinion. 05cle li'e 1i'e 'actor <eliabilit5 s+ifts := 1

Cmd := 3.0 Cp := #100 psi

0.5

Cxc := 1 Cb := 0./3&

N := 'ife s+ifts C ' := #.&// N

np #

N = /.#& 10 C' = 0.793 C! = 1

0.05/

C ! := 0.7 0.15 )og7 1 !8

,ar!ness Temperature 'actor .aterial sur'ace stren(th 7psi8 A>-> &1&0 Nitri!e! steel ?n!urance stren(th 8. 9rite the equation 'or the !esi(n pinion torque. # fcp := # acp C' C* C!
#

C H := 1 C * := 1 # acp := 1/7500 psi # fcp = 13#885 psi

# acp dp( pd) 0.77& CH *D ( p d , F ) := # Cs Cmd C f C a C xc C p C b C* C!

F 9. $e'ine the exponent 1. 1( p d , F ) := ret3rn 0.//7 if *p < *D( p d , F ) 1 ot+erwise 10. The sur'ace stress equation 'or the pinion is *p # *D( p d , F ) cp( p d , F ) := Cp Cb F d p( p d) # - *D( p d , F )
1 pd , F

- C vp( p d)

Cvp( p d)

C a C md

Cs Cf Cxc

11. 9rite the !esi(n equations usin( the 'ace- i!th to pitch-cone len(th ratio (i)en on pa(e 771 o' the text" an! the ben!in( stress equation" sol)e! 'or the un:no n 'ace i!th. Upper limit" F B 'C3 F'over2( p d) := Np / p d sin atan 2ace i!th # *D( p d , F ) Cp Cb F0 ( p d , F ) := #fcp d p( p d) #
#

Np Ng

N fc

# fc c

*p *D( p d , F )

1 pd , F

C vp( p d)

C a C md

C s Cf Cxc N fc

1#. +lot F$%& )s. p d o)er the ran(e

p d :=

1# 1#.5 ## , .. in in in

4uess )alue 'or 2

#

F := 0.955 in

13. 2rom the (raph" choose a stan!ar! )alue o' p d 'rom Table 11-#. p d := 1/ in
1 F0 pd , F in F'over2 pd in

1.5

1&. The calculate! )alue o' F is F0 ( p d , F ) = 0.95/ in 15. <oun! this to the !ecimal equi)alent o' a common 'ractional )alue. F := 1.000 in 1/. Then" the parameters that !epen! on p d an! F are* d p( p d) = 0.875 in d g( p d) = 7.875 in

( )

0.5

1#

1&

1/

18 pd in

#0

##

!"G RE 12-23

Graph of Face Width and Limits for for Problem 12-23

Vtp( p d) = ##9

ft min

Cvp( p d) = 0.911

cp( p d , F ) = 1 10 psi
5

*D( p d , F ) = 101 in )bf

17. 9hen both pinion an! (ear are o' the same material" the stress in the (ear ill al a5s be lo er than in the pinion. There'ore" the 'ace i!th an! !iametral pitch 'oun! 'or the pinion shoul! also be use! 'or the (ear. $iametral pitch 2ace i!th +itch cone an(le p d = 1/ in
1

F = 1.000 in

p := atan

Np Ng

p = /.3& deg
' 3

+itch-cone len(th

' :=

d p( p d)

# sin p

( )
#

' = 3.9/# in

= 1.3#1 in

18. $etermine the reali@e! 'actor o' sa'et5 'or the pinion usin( the abo)e )alues 'or F an! p d. +inion 'actor o' sa'et5

# fcp Nfcp := cp( p d , F )

Nfcp = 1.&