ISO-OSI Model
Data Flow
7 - Application
(Network processes to
applications)
(provides services to applications and
a window for applications to gain
access to the OSI environment.)
6 - Presentation
(Data representation)
(fulfills the requirement for
identifying and agreeing the common
syntax (grammar) to be used between
two applications.)
5 - Session
(Interhost communicaton)
( provides the synchronization and
management of the dialogue between
applications.)
4 - Transport
(End-to-end connections)
(supplies the upper layers with a
Network Service which has improved
quality of service features)
3 - Network
(Addresses and best path)
(ensures that in a multi-node network
the blocks of data arrive at their
correct destinations by use of the
appropriate call set up and routing
procedures)
2 - Data Link
(Access to media)
(blocks of data are reliably
transmitted over a transmission link)
LLC – logical link
control (Exec. Depart.)
MAC – media access
control (Shipping Depart.)
1 - Physical
(Binary transmission)
(defines the physical and electrical
characteristics of the interface to the
network and provides a transparent
transmission path for the information
across the chosen physical medium)
OSI Model (Cisco)
o Reduces complexity
o Open standard – all vendors can use
o Modularity
o Accelerates innovation and evolution
© Kenneth R. Cuddeback, 2000
Functions (PDU-Protocol Data Unit)
Telnet, FTP, HTTP, Data Interface from the OSI model to
SMTP, POP, RAS, the end user’s applications.
Transfers information from
Client/Server program to program
Process <- Purpose for Communication ->
MIDI, JPEG, Data Defines how data will be presented
EBCDIC, ASCII, to the Application layer. Provides
compression and encryption.
MPEG, SNMP, Concerned with data structures and
TIFF negotiation of data transfer syntax.
<- Syntax Conversion ->
(Translator)
SQL, RPC, Data Communication between network
NETBIOS, stations are established, managed,
and terminated. Manages data
NFS (network file exchange between presentation layer
system, SUN) <- Transmission Control & Order -> entities. (Mediator or Referee)
TCP, UDP, SPX Segments – term Responsible for making sure
Port numbers describes logical packets are delivered error-free, in
sequence, w/o losses or
information groupings. duplications. Reliability, flow
SEQ/ACK control, and error correction
<- Ensures Delivery ->
between end nodes.
IP – 32bit Packets (datagram) Defines the network address,
IPX – 80bit determines the path. Uses ARP or
address table. Determines
IPv6 – 128bit transport routes and handles the
transfer of messages. Provides
<- Routes Data ->
Routers connectivity and path selection.
ATM, FDDI, Frames Provides error checking and
CSMA/CD, CRC, correction. Codes, addresses, and
transmits information
HDLC, PPP, LAPB
Allows media independent
flow control and sequecing. -Provides resources for multiple
SAPs(Service Access upper-layer protocols to share
Points) <- Node-to-Node Transmission -> physical media
Frame Relay
Swithes/Bridges 48 bit, hexadecimal -Physical addressing, network
(00e0.a38d.0800) topology, and media access
NICs
NIC, Cable, RJ-45 Bits Responsible for data transmission
Fiber on the network media. Defines
voltage levels, wire, distances, and
STP/UTP connectors for maintaining the link
Token-Ring between end systems. Manages
<- Bit Conversion & Transmission ->
hardware connection.
Hubs/Repeaters