Contents

The present tense of regular -er verbs

Regular -er verbs in the present

-er verbs with spelling and stem changes

When is the present tense used in French?

The present tense of -ir and -re verbs

-ir verbs in the present

-re verbs in the present

The interrogative form

13

The negative form

To be and to have

The verb tre (to be)

The verb avoir (to have)

The -oir verbs

More irregular verbs

The verb aller (to go)

The immediate future tense
The verb venir (to come)
The immediate past
The verb faire (to do, to make)
The causative form

Devoir and its many facets

The verb devoir (to have to, must)

Il y a (there is, there are)
Il sagit de (it is a matter of, its about)

Verbs ending in -eindre and -aindre

Pronominal verbs

Reexive verbs
Reciprocal verbs

Passive pronominals
Subjective pronominals
Pronominals in the imperative and the innitive

..

..

The pass compos

The past participle of regular verbs

The pass compos with avoir

Irregular past participles

The pass compos with tre

Pronominal verbs in the pass compos

Verbs conjugated with avoir and tre

..

..

The imparfait

The imparfait

The imparfait versus the pass compos

The imparfait with special constructions

The futur simple and the futur antrieur

The futur simple

The futur antrieur
Conjunctions used with the indicative mood

..

..

10

The plus-que-parfait

Formation of the plus-que-parfait

Use of the plus-que-parfait

..

..

11 The present conditional and the past conditional

The present conditional 87
The past conditional 92

12 Could, should, would?

Could

97

97

Should 99
Would 100

13 The present subjunctive and the past

subjunctive

104

The present subjunctive

Uses of the subjunctive

The past subjunctive

14 The innitive mood

The innitif prsent
The innitif pass
Verbs with their prepositions

15 The present participle and the gerund

The present participle
The gerund

16 The pass simple

Formation of the pass simple
The pass simple of irregular verbs

17 The passive voice

Formation of the passive voice

Uses of the passive voice

Avoiding the passive voice in French

18 Indirect speech
Direct speech versus indirect speech

Balancing tenses: la concordance des temps

19 The imperative mood

Formation of the imperative

The imperative of pronominal verbs

20 Articles and nouns

The denite article with nouns

The indenite and partitive articles with nouns

The gender of nouns

The plural of nouns

The gender of countries

Geographical names with prepositions

21 All the pronouns

Subject pronouns

Direct object pronouns

Indirect object pronouns

The order of object pronouns

Disjunctive pronouns

22 Adjectives and comparisons

Agreement of adjectives

The placement of adjectives

Adjectives of color
Comparatives and superlatives

23 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns

Demonstrative adjectives

Possessive adjectives

Possessive pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns

24 Relative pronouns
Qui
Que
Lequel
O
Dont
Ce que, ce qui, ce dont, ce quoi

25 Adverbs and expressions of time, frequency, and

location

212

Adverbs and expressions of time

Interrogative forms; question words
Adverbs and expressions of location

26 Numbers
The numbers 0 to 50
Ordinal numbers
The numbers 50 to 99
The numbers 100 to 999
The numbers 1,000 and greater

27 Pot pourri

Verbs that use different prepositions

Whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever
Avoir beau and quitte

Verb tables

236

Regular verbs 236

Verbs with spelling changes 238
Verbs with stem changes
Irregular verbs 239
French-English glossary 240
English-French glossary 250
Answer
key
260

238