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Frequently Asked Electrical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers

1) What is meant by regenerative braking? When the su ly is cut o!! !or a running motor" it still continue running due to inertia# In order to sto it quicklywe lace a load $resistor) across the armature winding and the motor should have maintained continuous !ield su ly# sothat back e#m#!voltage is made to a lyacross the resistorand due to load the motor sto s quickly# %his ty e o! breaking is called as &'egenerative (reaking&# )) Why is the starting current high in a *+ motor? In *+ motors" ,oltageequation is ,-Eb.Ia'a$, - %erminal voltage"Eb - (ack em! in /otor"Ia - Armature current"'a - Armature resistance)#At starting" Eb is 0ero# %here!ore" ,-Ia'a"Ia - ,1'a " where 'a is very less like 2#21ohm#i#e" Ia will become enormously increased# 3) What are the advantages o! star.delta starter with induction motor? $1)# the main advantage o! using the star delta starter is reduction o! current during the starting o! the motor#4tarting current is reduced to 3.5 times 6! current o! *irect online starting# $))# 7ence the starting currentis reduced8 the voltage dro s during the starting o! motor in systems are reduced# 5) Why star trans!ormers are used !or lighting loads? For lighting loads" neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must be star winding#And this lighting load is always unbalanced in all three hases# %o minimi0e the currentunbalance in the rimary we use delta winding in the rimary# 4o delta 1 star trans!ormer is used !or lighting loads# 9) Why in a three in lug the earth in is thicker and longer than the other ins? Answer: It de ends u on '-rho l1a where area$a) is inversely ro ortional to resistance $')" so i! $a) increases" ' decreases ; i! ' is less the leakage current willtake low resistance ath so the earth in should be thicker# It is longer

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(ecause the First to make the connection and last to disconnect should be earth <in# %his assures 4a!ety !or the erson who uses the electrical instrument# =) Why series motor cannot be started on no.load? 4eries motor cannot be started without load because o! high starting torque# 4eries motor is used in %rains" +rane etc# >) Why E?+( can@t work i! A in ut o! E?+( do not connect to ground? E?+( is used to detect earth leakage !ault# 6nce the hase and neutral are connected in an E?+(" the current will !low through hase and that much current will have to return neutral so resultant current is 0ero# 6nce there is a ground !ault in the load side" current !rom hase will directly ass through earth and it will not return through neutral through E?+(# %hat means once side current is going and not returning and hence because o! this di!!erence in current E?+( will tri and it will sa!e guard the other circuits !rom !aulty loads# I! the neutral is not grounded" !ault current will de!initely high and that !ull !ault current will come back through E?+(" and there will be no di!!erence in current# B) What is the di!!erence between /+( ; /++(" Where it can be used? /+( is miniature circuit breakerwhich is thermal o erated and use !or shortcircuit rotection in small current rating circuit# /++( mouldedcase circuit breaker and is thermal o erated !or over load current and magnetic o eration !or instant tri in short circuit condition# under voltage and under !requency may be inbuilt# Aormally it is used where normal current is more than 122A# C) Where should the lighting arrestor be laced in distribution lines? Aear distribution trans!ormers and outgoing !eeders o! 11kv and incoming !eeder o! 33kv and near ower trans!ormers in sub.stations# 12) *e!ine I*/% relay? It is an inverse de!inite minimum time relay# In I*/% relay its o erating is inversely ro ortional and also a characteristico! minimum time a!terwhich this relay o erates# It is inversein the sense "the tri ing time will decreaseas the magnitude o! !ault current increase# 11) What are the trans!ormer losses? %'AA4F6'/E' ?644E4 . %rans!ormer losses have two sources. co er loss and magnetic loss#+o er losses are caused by the resistance o! thewire $I)')# /agnetic losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in the core# +o er loss is a constant a!ter the coil has been wound and there!ore a measureable loss# 7ysteresis loss is constant !or a articular voltageand current# Eddy.current loss" however" is di!!erent !or each !requency assed through the trans!ormer 1)) What is the di!!erence between Isolator and +ircuit (reaker? Isolator is a o!! load device which is used !or isolating the downstream circuits !rom u stream circuits !or the reason o! any maintenance on downstream circuits# It is manually o erated and does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit breaker# it should not be o erated

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while it is having load# !irst the load on it must be made 0ero and then it can sa!ely o erated#Its s eci!ication only rated current is given# (ut circuit breaker is on load automatic device used !or breaking the circuit incase o! abnormal conditions like short.circuit" overloadetc#" it is having three s eci!ication 1 is rated current and ) is short circuit breaking ca acity and 3 is instantaneous tri ing current# 13) What are bouchol0 relay and the signi!icance o! it in to the trans!ormer? (ouchol0 relay is a device which is used !or the rotection o! trans!ormer !rom its internal !aults8 it is a gas based relay# whenever any internal !ault occurs in a trans!ormer" the bouchol0 relay at once gives a horn !or some time" i! the trans!ormer is isolated !rom the circuit then it sto its sound itsel! otherwise it tri s the circuit by its own tri ing mechanism# 15) What is 4F= +ircuit (reaker? 4F= is 4ul her heDa Fluoride gas## i! this gas is used as arc quenching medium in a +ircuitbreaker means 4F= +(# 19) What is !erranti e!!ect? 6ut ut voltage is greater than the in ut voltage or receiving end voltage is greaterthan the sending end voltage# 1=) What is meant by insulation voltage in cables? It is the ro erty o! a cable by virtue o! it can withstandthe a lied voltage without ru turing it is known as insulation level o! the cable# 1>) %here are a %rans!ormer and an induction machine# %hose two have the same su ly# For which device the load current will be maDimum? And why? %he motor has maD load currentcom are to that o! trans!ormer bco0 the motor consumes real ower## and the trans!ormer is only roducing the working !luD and itEs not consuming## hence the load current in the trans!ormer is because o! core loss so it is minimum# 1B) What is ower !actor? Whether it should be high or low? Why? <ower !actor should be high in order to get smooth o eration o! the system# ?ow ower !actor means losses will be more# it is the ratio o! true ower to a arent ower# it has to be ideally 1# i! it is too low then cable over heating ; equi ment overloading will occur# i! it is greater than 1 then load will act as ca acitor and starts !eedingthe source and will cause tri ing#$i! ! is oor eD: 2#1> to meet actual ower load has to draw more current$, constant)"result in more losses i! ! is good eD: 2#C9 to meet actual ower load has to draw less current$, constant)"result in less losses)# 1C) What ha ens i! i connect a ca acitorto a generator load? +onnecting a ca acitor across a generator always im roves ower !actor" but it will hel de ends u on the engine ca acityo! the alternator" otherwise the alternator will be over loaded due to the eDtra watts consumed due to the im rovement on !# 4econdly" don@t connect a ca acitor across an alternator while it is icking u or withoutany other load#

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)2) Why the ca acitors work on ac only? Fenerally ca acitor gives in!inite resistance to dc com onents $i#e#" block the dc com onents)# it allows the ac com onents to ass through# )1) ED lain the working rinci al o! the circuit breaker? +ircuit (reaker is one which makes or breaks the circuit# It has two contacts namely !iDed contact ; moving contact# Gnder normal condition the moving contact comes in contact with !iDed contact thereby !orming the closed contact !or the !low o! current# *uring abnormal ; !aulty conditions $when current eDceeds the rated value) an arc is roduced between the !iDed ; moving contacts ; thereby it !orms the o en ckt# Arc is eDtinguished by the Arc Quenching media like air" oil" vacuum etc# ))) 7ow many ty es o! cooling system it trans!ormers? 1# 6AAA $oil natural" air natural) )# 6AAF $oil natural" air !orced) 3# 6FAF $oil !orced"air !orced) 5# 6*WF $oil direct" water !orced) 9# 6FAA $oil !orced"air !orced) )3) What is the !unction o! anti. um ing in circuit breaker? when breaker is close at one time by close ush button he anti um ing contactor reventre close the breaker by close ush buttona!ter i! it already close# )5) What is ste er motor? What are its uses? 4te er motor is the electrical machine which acts u on in ut ulse a lied to it# it is one ty e o! synchronous motor which runs in ste s in either direction instead o! running in com letecycle# 4o" in automation arts it is used# )9) What is Automatic ,oltage regulator $A,')? A,' is an abbreviation !or Automatic ,oltage 'egulator# It is im ortant art in 4ynchronous Fenerators8 it controls the out ut voltageo! the generator by controlling its eDcitation current# %hus it can control the out ut 'eactive <ower o! the Fenerator# )=) What is an eDciter and how does it work? %here are two ty es o! eDciters" static eDciter and rotary eDciter# <ur ose o! eDciter is to su ly the eDcitation dc voltage to the !iDed oles o! generator# 'otory eDciter is an additional small generator mounted on the sha!t o! main generator# i! it is dc generator" it will su ly dc to the rotor oles through sli ring and brushes$ conventional alternator)# i! it is an ac eDciter" out ut o! ac eDciter is recti!iedby rotating diodes and su ly dc to main !iDed oles#aceDciter is the ac generator whose !ield windingare stationary and armaturerotates# Initial voltage is built u by residual magnetism# It gives the starting torque to the generator# )>) *i!!erence between a !our oint starter and three oint starters?

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%he shuntconnection in !our ointstarter is rovidedse arately !rom the line where as in three oint state it is connected with line which is the drawback in three oint starter )B) Why use the ,+( at 7igh %ransmission 4ystem? Why can@t use A+(? Actually the thingis vacuum has high arc quenching ro erty com are to air because in ,+(" the die electric strength is equal to B times o! air # %hat y always vacuum used as in 7% breakerand air used as in ?%# )C) What is the di!!erence between surge arrestor and lightning arrestor? ?A is installed outside and the e!!ect o! lightning is grounded" whereas surge arrestor installed inside anels com rising o! resistors which consumes the energy and nulli!y the e!!ect o! surge# 32) Why syn# generators r used !or the roduction o! electricity? synchronous machines have ca ability to work on di!!erent ower !actor$or say di!!erent imaginary owervarying the !ield em!# 7ence syn# generators r used !or the roductiono! electricity# 31) What is the di!!erence between synchronous generator ; asynchronous generator? In sim le" synchronous generator su ly@s both active and reactive ower but asynchronous generator $induction generator) su ly@s only active ower and observereactive ower !or magneti0ing# %his ty e o! generators is used in windmills# 3)) 1 ton is equal to how many watts? 1 ton - 1)222 (%G1hr and to convert (%G1hr to horse ower" 1)"222 H 2#2223C)C - 5#>19 h there!ore 1 ton - 5#>19H#>5= - 3#9 IW# 33) Why syn# generators are used !or the roduction o! electricity? synchronous machines have ca ability to work on di!!erent ower !actor$or say di!!erent imaginary ow varyingthe !ield em!# 7ence syn# generators r used !or the roduction o! electricity# 35) Enlist ty es o! dc generator? *#+#Fenerators are classi!ied into two ty es 1)se arately eDcited d#c#generator ))sel! eDcited d#c#generator" which is !urther classi!ied into8 1)series ))shunt and 3)com ound$which is !urther classi!ied into cumulative and di!!erential)# 39) Five two basic s eed control scheme o! *+ shunt motor?

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1# (y using !luD control method: in this method a rheostat is connected across the !ield wdg to controlthe !ield current#so by changing the currentthe !luD roduced by the !ield wdg can be changed" and since s eed is inversely ro ortional to !luD s eed can be controlled )#armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across armature wdg#by varyingthe resistance the value o! resistive dro $Ia'a)can be varied"and since s eed is directly ro otional to Eb.Ia'a the s eed can be controlled# 3=) What is the rinci le o! motor? Whenever a current carrying conductor is laced in a magnetic !ield it roduce turning or twisting movementis called as torque# 3>) What is meant by armature reaction? %he e!!ect o! armature !lu to main !luD is called armature reaction# %he armature !luD may su ort main !luD or o oses main !luD# 3B) What is the di!!erence between synchronous generator ; asynchronous generator? In sim le" synchronous generator su ly@s both active and reactive ower but asynchronous generator$induction generator) su ly@s only active ower and observe reactive ower !or magneti0ing# %his ty e o! generators are used in windmills# 3C) What is the <olarisation indeD value ? $ i value)and sim le de!inition o! olarisation indeD ? Its ratio between insulation resistance$I') i#e megger value !or 12min to insulationresistance !or 1 min# It ranges !rom 9.> !or new motors ; normally !or motor to be in good condition it should be Freater than )#9 # 52) What is the one main di!!erence between G<4 ; Inverter ? And electrical engineering ; electronics engineering ? uninterru ted ower su ly is mainly use !or short time means according to u s ,A it gives backu # u s is also two ty es : on line and o!!line # online u s having high volt and am !or long time backu with with high dc voltage# but u s start with 1)v dc with > am # but inverter is start with 1)v")5"dc to3=v dc and 1)2am to 1B2am battery with long time backu #