Chapter No.

04

WORK AND ENERGY

NO 4.1: A person holds a bag of groceries while standing still, talking to a friend. A car is stationary with its engine running. From the standpoint of work, how are these two situations similar? Ans: The work done is given as W=F. d. In both cases, displacement d is zero because a person holding a bag of groceries while standing still and talking to friend is at rest and a stationary car with its engine running also at rest. Hence, work done is zero due to zero displacement. Therefore, from the standpoint of work, these two situations are similar. NO 4.2: Calculate the work done in kilojoules in lifting a mass of 10kg at steady velocity through a vertical height of 10m. Ans: Data m=10kg h=10m W=? Work = weight x height Calculations W=mgh W=10x9.8x10=9.8x102 W=0.98x103J W=0.98kJ

NO 4.3: A force F acts through a distance L. The force is then increased to 3F, and then acts through a further distance of 2L. Draw the work diagram to scale. A force F acts through distance L, the work done is W1=FL. When force 3F acts through distance 2L, the work done is W2=3Fx2L=6FL 2F The total work done is W= W1+W2 W=FL+6FL=7FL The work diagram is shown in figure which is force distance graph. The shaded area is equal to the amount of work done. NO 4.4: In which case is more work done. When a 50kg bag of books is lifted through 50cm, or when a 50kg crate is pushed through 2m across the floor with a force of 50N. Ans: Case no 1: The work done on 50kg bag of books when lifted through 50cm is W1= mgh = 50X9.8X0.5 = 245J
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Case no 2: The work done on 50kg crate when pushed through 2m across the floor with a force of 50N is W2 = Fd = 50x2 = 100J It shows W1>W2 NO 4.5: An object has 1J of potential energy. Explain what does it means. Ans:An object has 1J of potential energy means, the body has the ability to do work of 1J. It means 1J of potential energy is stored in a body by applying 1N force through 1m distance. NO 4.6: A ball of mass m is held at a height ht above a table. The tabletop is at height h2 above the floor. One student says that the ball has potential energy mgh1 but an other says that it is mg(h1-h2). Who is correct? Ans:The potential energy of a ball of mass m having height h1 above tabletop is PE = mgh1 The potential of ball of mass m having height (h1+h2) above ground is PE = mg(h1+h2) The both students say correct. The first student has taken reference point from surface of tabletop and second student has taken reference point from ground. NO 4.7: When a rocket re-enters the atmosphere, its nose cone becomes very hot. Where does this heat energy come from? Ans:When a rocket re-enters the atmosphere, its nose cone becomes very hot because heat is produced due to air friction of the atmosphere. Some KE of the rocket is converted into heat energy due to collision with dust and air molecules of atmosphere. NO 4.8: What sort of energy is the following (a) Compressed spring (b) Water in a high dam (c) A moving car. Ans: (a) The compressed spring has elastic potential energy. (b) The water in high dam has gravitational potential energy. When this water falls on turbine-generator system, its gravitational potential energy is converted into electrical energy. (c) The moving car has kinetic energy due to its motions. NO 4.9: A girl drops a cup from a certain height, which breaks into pieces. What energy changes are involved? Ans:The cup has gravitational potential energy when it is at a certain height. When it is dropped from a certain height its P.E decreases and K.E icreases. This P.E changes into K.E when cup falls downward. Now this kinetic energy is converted into sound energy, heat energy and kinetic energy of pieces of cup when cup strikes at ground. NO 4.10: A boy uses a catapult to throw a stone which accidently smashes a green house window. List the possible changes. Ans:Catapult is a device use to throw an object over a distance. The catapult has elastic potential energy when a stone is in catapult. This potential energy changes into kinetic energy when stone is thrown. Now this KE of stone is converted into heat energy, sound energy and KE of pieces of window when stone hits the window of green house.
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THE END