Works Cited Primary Sources Diary Frank, Anne. The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition. Ed.

Otto Frank and Mirjam Pressler. Trans. Susan Massotty. New York: Bantam, 1997. Print. The diary of Anne Frank shows how difficult life was for people of Jewish blood in Nazi Germany. They were stripped of their rights and were forced to go into hiding to escape Nazi persecution. In her diary, Anne described how no one dared to leave the annex. They always feared of being discovered. According to the diary, outside the annex, Jewish people were being rounded up and murdered. Living in Germany during the Nazi years meant limited freedom, especially for Jews. Interview Lichtman, Rene. E-mail interview. 28 Dec. 2013. When Germany was under the Nazi's control, Rene Lichtman was just a young boy. He was in hiding and never got to know what the outside world was like. After learning what had happen those years though, Rene found it hard to understand, and to forgive, or to forget, what the Nazis had done. In addition, Rene began losing faith in people after realizing that only a very little people tried to help them. Although he has moved on to some degree, Rene can never forget his childhood. The Nazis were responsible for leaving him scars. Photographs Adolf Hitler 2 Imagini Inedite Cu Adolf Hitler La Ceremonia De nvestitur. N.d. Photograph. Stiri DC News De Ce Se Intampla Ziar Online. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://www.dcnews.ro/2013/01/imagini-inedite-cu-adolf-hitler-la-ceremonia-de-

investitura/adolf-hitler-2/>. This photograph was taken when Hitler was appointed chancellor by Hindenburg. Hitler seemed like he was very pleased. He was even smiling, which is really rare, because one can't find many pictures of him smiling. This photograph suggested that Hindenburg never expected Hitler to be a dangerous man. If only Hindenburg had declined to allow Hitler to become chancellor, then Germany might not have been responsible for the death and suffering of millions. The History Place - Triumph of Hitler: The Gestapo Is Born. N.d. Photograph. The History Place - Triumph of Hitler: The Gestapo Is Born. Web. 22 Dec. 2013. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/triumph/tr-gestapo.htm>. Gestapo were the secret state police in Nazi Germany. They were known for their terrorist methods directed against those suspected of treason or questionable loyalty. In this photograph, members of the Gestapo, working alongside with police are stopping and searching German citizens for concealed weapons. It seems as if they are violating the German citizens' rights by searching them without a warrant. On the contrary, by doing this, the Gestapo ensured that the citizens remain loyal and cooperative with the Nazis. Miller, H., Private. Crowded Bunks in the Prison Camp at Buchenwald. 1945. Photograph. OPA - Online Public Access. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. <http://research.archives.gov/description/535561>. When U.S. troops of the 80th Division entered the concentration camp at Buchenwald, they found many of the slave labors had died from malnutrition. The Nazis not only were responsible for taking away the rights of these people, but also taking away their lives. As shown in this photo, the lives of Jews and many other "foreigners" were miserable and difficult under the Nazis. The mistreated people in this photo were obviously not fed. Moreover, the bunks that

they slept in seemed very uncomfortable. Finally, the slave labors had almost no clothing, and there were only a few thin blankets being shared among them. N.d. Photograph. The History Place Wold War II in Europe. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/einsatz.htm>. In this photo, Nazis from the SS-Einsatzgruppe A are executing Jews in the vicinity of Kovno, Lithuania. In the background, there are a few spectators casually watching the execution that will soon to take place. The Nazi to the farthest left even has a grin on his face. One wonders how someone could take such pleasure for being responsible of someone else death. From this photo, one can conclude that the majority of the Nazis don't feel any wrong in taking away the rights, and even the lives, of others. Pahl, Gerorge. Berlin, NS-Boykott Gegen Jdische Geschfte. 1933. Photograph. Berlin. Das Bundesarchiv. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/crosssearch/search/_1384480484/?search[view]=detail&search[focus]=4>. In this photograph, members of the SA placed a poster outside a Jewish store warning the German people not to buy from the evil Jews. Not only here but throughout Nazi Germany, the SA enforced the boycott of Jewish stores. By doing so, they took away the rights of Jews to conduct business. The Nazis were responsible for many Jewish store owners to run out of business. Propagandas Jugend Dient Dem Fhrer. Digital image. German Propaganda Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bytwerk.com/gpa/posters/hj.jpg>. The text of this poster translated to English reads: Youth Serves the Fhrer. All 10-year-olds into the Hitler Youth. In 1936, all German boys were required to serve in the HJ. As a result, many

teens lost their rights to enjoy their lives. However, the majority of these young boys loved the HJ because it offered them an exciting adventure. Unfortunately, their minds would be brainwashed. Most would find themselves serving in the SS or the military and responsible for the death of many. "Rise of Nazism." Rise of Nazism. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. <http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/rise-of-nazism>. This website is actually an online museum. It contained images of many primary sources and artifacts from the Nazi regime. Next to each image, there is a short description. The group of images that I found most useful to my project was the propaganda. Through the use of propaganda, the Nazi Party was able to keep its citizens responsible to them, even though they took away the citizens' rights. Speech Goebbels, Paul J., Dr. "German Women." Speech. German Propaganda Archive. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. <http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/goeb55.htm>. This speech on German women by Joseph Goebbels was translated by Randall Bytwerk. According to Goebbels, women are not inferior, rather, they have a different mission and value from men. However, as the speech goes on, it is clear that the Nazis were intending to change the role of women in German society. At one point in the speech, Goebbels announced women's responsibility belonged in the house. Hence, this speech was against German women's rights as they had expanded since World War I. Secondary Documentary

The Nazis, A Warning From History. Dir. Tilman Remme and Laurence Rees. BBC, 1997. DVD. In the second episode of this series, Chaos and Consent, it was shown that the Nazis had only a semblance of actual order within their ranks. As much as they were obsessed with order, their administration was filled with chaos and inefficiency. It all came down to the many active supporters of the Nazis. Without them, the Nazis wouldn't have been successful. Interestingly though, the supporters lost much of their rights, however, they were responsible for bringing Hitler to power. Websites BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/tch_wjec/germany19291947/1consol idatepower1.shtml>. Before Hitler and the Nazi Party consolidate their power, they faced many obstacles. On this website is a timeline of the major events that led the Nazis to power. Right after Hitler became Chancellor, Germany saw a huge decline in rights and liberty. Under Hitler and his Enabling Act, the country was soon turned into a dictatorship. Although Hitler was highly supported at first, he and his Party was soon hated by a portion of their supporters. BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/tch_wjec/germany19291947/>. On this webpage, there were several links that led to different articles, each discussing about Nazi Germany. The webpage were divided into four sections: Germany in transition, c.1929-1947, the rise of the Nazi Party and its consolidation of power, changing life for the German people, and war and its impact on life in Germany. Under changing life for the German people was where I found the most useful information. The subsections

under it dealt with the multiple rights the German people lost. One article even discussed about how the SS and the Gestapo were used to terrorized people to make the people obey Nazi laws. Borade, Gaynor. "Life in Nazi Germany." Buzzle.com. Buzzle.com, 14 May 2009. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/life-in-nazi-germany.html>. Fascism in Germany was responsible for ending individual rights. All over the empire, secret police spied on the German people. Those who opposed the Nazi Party were put into prison, shot, or deported. The press was only allowed to publish things that praised either the Nazis or Hitler. Jews, foreigners, and political opponents were sent to concentration camps where they were either killed or harshly treated. Clare, John D. "Effect_on_Germans." Effect_on_Germans. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.johndclare.net/Nazi_Germany3.htm>. Though under the Nazis, the personal rights of people were taken away, the majority of the ordinary Germans could have cared less, and some even proposed that it was the happy years. However, not everybody enjoyed being under Nazi control. Especially for those that were of "racial inferiority," these were the dark times. The Nazis were responsible for the death of millions of "inferior" people. This article helped me understand the different opinions about the Nazis from each group of people living in Germany at the time. "Holocaust | The Nazi Regime." Holocaust | The Nazi Regime. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://www.projetaladin.org/holocaust/en/history-of-the-holocaust-shoah/the-naziregime.html>. During the Third Reich, Germany was a police state in which Germans enjoyed no guaranteed basic rights. The Nazi eliminated the individual rights of its people after being guided by racist and authoritarian principles. When the Nazis took

over, Germany was no longer a safe place for anybody, especially Jews. Yet, the German population still supported the Nazi because they believed that the Nazi regime would lead Germany out of years of political turmoil. This article was important to my project, because it helped me understand what life in Germany was like and why people still supported the Nazi. "Holocaust Encyclopedia." Third Reich: An Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005141>. Even after Hitler had become Chancellor, the Nazi Party was still widely untrusted. To gain support, the Nazis used extensive propaganda to spread its goals and ideas. Their foreign policy was guided by the racist belief that the Germans were the superior race. For the German people, their individuals rights were no longer guarantee. As for "racially inferior" peoples, such as Jews, the Nazi wanted to eliminate them from the region. Llewellyn, Jennifer, Jim Southey, and Steve Thompson. "Religion in Nazi Germany." Alpha History: Nazi Germany. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. <http://alphahistory.com/nazigermany/religion-in-nazi-germany/>. In general, the Nazi strongly opposed the political influence of churches. German people in Nazi Germany had limited rights to religious practices. Although the vast majority of Germans were considered Christians, Christianity declined due to Nazis political ideas. Churches' responsibilities were to take a position on Hitler and his party, and those that resisted were shut down. Catholics and Jehovah's Witnesses were persecuted throughout the Nazi empire. "Modern World History: Nazi Germany." Modern World History: Nazi Germany. John D. Clare, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <http://www.johndclare.net/Nazi_Germany2_BBCnotes.htm>.

The Nazis restricted many German people. They believed that a strong central government was more important than individuals. As a result, Germans were given roles that helped out society, and they had to live up to their responsibilities. Their daily lives were revolved around Nazis theologies. Interestingly though, many Germans didn't resisted; this is because before the Nazis came to power, Germany was in ruined and many were jobless. By 1939, unemployment virtually no longer existed. So even though the Nazis took away the rights of its people, without it, Germany would have remained very weak. "Nazi Germany - Dictatorship." History Learning Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Nazi_Germany_dictatorship.htm>. As the Nazis grew stronger, the German people witnessed a decrease in their freedom. In 1933, Germany became a dictatorship. Starting in that year, the German people were no longer living in a secure society due to the fact that they were always watched and tracked. The Nazis were responsible for taking away the basic rights of the Germans. "Nazi Germany - Role of Women." History on the Net. N.p., 10 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.historyonthenet.com/Nazi_Germany/women.htm>. Based on this article, one can say that the Nazis believed in a male dominant society. Women were very restricted during the Third Reich. They were taught as girls to become the homemakers of society. Their most important responsibility though, is to produce numerous children with a pure member of the SS. Hence, women in the Third Reich were very limited on their rights. "Nazi Germany Timeline." HistoryontheNet.com. N.p., 15 May 2010. Web. 04 Jan. 2014. <http://www.historyonthenet.com/Chronology/timelinenazigermany.htm>. I used the

timeline on here as the based for my own timeline by quoting some of the major events. The timeline began with the forming of the Weimar Republic in 1918, and it ended with the beginning of the Nuremburg war crimes trial in 1945. Although the timeline contained many events, the ones that I selected dealt with the rise of the Nazi Party, the rights the Party took away from German citizens, and the Nazis' responsibility for causing social inferior groups to suffer. "Nazi Party." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/nazi-party>. Hitler and the Nazi Party faced many obstacles along their way to rule Germany. When they did came to power in 1933, Hitler and the Nazi Party destroyed the rights of the people and were responsible for the suffering of many others. In 1939, World War II broke out and the Hitler aimed to dominate Europe. Later on, he extended his goal by murdering as many Jews as he could. This article gave a simple summary about the origins of the Nazi, how it came to power, its military affairs, its murdering of Jews, and its denazification. "Nazi Propaganda and Censorship." Nazi Propaganda and Censorship. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007677>. Over the spring of 1933, a group of Nazis formed a list of books that were to be censored in Germany. On May 10, 1933, the Nazis then raided libraries and bookstores across Germany. That night, they were responsible for burning over 25,000 books that were supposedly against Nazi teachings. Interestingly, much of these books were by nonJewish writers though. Nevertheless, this was clearly a violation of the right to freedom of speech.

"What Choices Did People Have in Nazi Germany? | South African History Online." South African History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. <http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/human-rights-issues-during-and-after-world-war-iifocus-nazi-germany-grade-12-3>. Many ordinary Germans played safe with the Nazis. They obeyed Nazis laws and were committed to their responsibilities. Bystanders, as they were known, just wanted to get on with their daily lives. However, there were a few resisters in Nazi Germany. It was extremely dangerous to resist Nazi rulers, and many resisters were executed. But what would have happened if most of the bystanders had stood up and fought for their rights?