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Copyright, July 2004 by EAN Australia Ltd Unit 100, 45 Gilby Road Mt Waverley Victoria 3149 Australia Tel: 61 3 9558 9559 Fax: 61 3 9558 9551 National number: 1300 366 033 www.ean.com.au Email: eanaust@ean.com.au Edition 1, 2004
Table of contents
Introduction
Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 UCC numbering and bar coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 UCC & EANUCC compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 EANUCC Alliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
The EANUCC system for identifying goods, services, assets & locations
Basics and principles of the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Areas of application within the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Numbering system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Allocating global trade item numbers (GTINs) for retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . 7 EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Items requiring separate numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Allocating global trade item numbers (GTIN) for non-retail trade items. . . . . . . 15 EAN/UCC-13 identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 EAN/UCC-14 identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers using the UCC/EAN-128 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable measure non-retail items . . . . 20 Types of variable measure items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Bar codes used to encode variable measure data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for non-retail trade items that contain items carrying EAN/UCC-8 numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Numbering transport units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
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Bar Code Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing to the ISO method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parameters Assessed Using ISO Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall Symbol Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 40 42 45
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Bar code interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bar code orientation and placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plain text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Human translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Label location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cartons And Outer Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples of EANUCC logistics labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The basic EANUCC logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An EANUCC logistics label with supplier section only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An EANUCC logistics label with supplier and carrier sections . . . . . . . . . An EANUCC logistics label with supplier, customer and carrier sections .
127 127 127 127 128 128 130 131 131 131 132 132 133 134 134
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Variable parity coding of the UCC prefix and check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Decoding a UCC-12 zero suppressed number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Human readable digits for UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers . . . . . . . . . 166 Nominal dimensions of the UPC-E bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 Light margin areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 UCC system for variable measure trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Differences between UPC-A and EAN-13 bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Appendices
EANUCC company prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Prefix values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
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Introduction
This manual aims to provide all necessary information to anyone interested in the EANUCC system, or is involved in its implementation from whatever point of view, in particular:
members of the various professions who take part in the bar coding
operation by providing supplies or services, for example, printers, graphic designers, film master suppliers, and manufacturers of scanning or marking equipment. For further information in relation to the technical aspects of all the EANUCC symbologies and their production, please refer to the EAN Australia User Manual - Symbology & Printing.
Disclaimer
Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information and specifications in this manual are correct, however EAN Australia expressly disclaim liability for any errors. In addition, no warranty or representation is made that this manual will not require modification due to developments in technology or changes or additions to the EANUCC system.
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Introduction
EANUCC Alliance
EAN Australia is part of an EANUCC Alliance whereby if companies in Australia wishing to export to the USA need to bar code under the UCC system, it is necessary for them to obtain dual membership of both EAN Australia and UCC. Contact EAN Australia for further information about obtaining UCC number application forms.
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Basics and principles of the EANUCC system
The EANUCC system provides for the use of unambiguous numbers to identify goods, services, assets and locations world-wide. These numbers can also be shown as bar codes. The system is designed to overcome the limitations of using company, organisation or sector specific coding systems, and to make trading much more efficient and more responsive to customers. These identifying numbers can also be used within EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) messages to improve the speed and accuracy of communications. This manual only provides information about the numbering system, the bar codes, and the scanning system. For information about EDI, please refer to the EANCOM guidelines available from EAN Australia. As well as providing a unique system for item identification, the system also provides for additional information such as best before dates, serial numbers, and batch numbers to be shown in a bar coded form. At the moment bar codes are used as the data carriers for the system, but this may be expanded in the future to include other technologies such as radio frequency tags. Any change would only take place after wide consultation and be subject to a significant changeover period. Following the principles and design of the EANUCC system means that users can design applications to receive EANUCC data automatically. The data within each bar code can be seen as an unambiguous message and the processing of this data can be fully pre-programmed.
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The system is designed to be used in any industry or trade sector, and any changes to the system are introduced so that they do not harm current users.
IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS
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Numbering system
The four main elements of the numbering system covered in this manual are: 1) Global trade item number (GTIN) A trade item is any item (product or service) upon which there is a need to retrieve pre-defined information and that may be priced, ordered or invoiced for trade between participants at any point in any supply chain. A trade item may be a single, non-breakable unit. It may also be a standard and stable grouping of a series of single items. Such a unit may be presented in a wide variety of physical forms: a fibreboard carton, a covered or banded pallet, a film wrapped tray, a crate with bottles, etc. Trade items consisting of a single unit are identified with a unique GTIN. Standard groupings of identical or different units are identified with a separate unique GTIN. The identification and bar coding of trade items enables the automation of the retail point of sale (through price look up files), of product receiving, inventory management, automatic re-ordering, sales analysis, and a wide range of other business applications. Within the Australian retail industry, trade item numbers have historically been referred to as APNs and TUNs. Whilst this terminology may still occasionally be encountered, the correct term for both is global trade item number (GTIN). The GTIN is a unique identification number for a trade item. This uniqueness is achieved by whichever of the four numbering structures is used. These structures are to be stored in a 14-digit data field as shown in Table 1 on page 5.
Numbering Structure for a Global Trade Item Number
T1 EAN/UCC-14 EAN/UCC-13 UCC-12 EAN/UCC-8 1 0 0 0 T2 9 9 0 0 T3 3 3 6 0
T4 1 1 1 0
T5 2 2 2 0
T6 3 3 3 0
T7 4 4 4 9
T8 5 5 5 3
T9 6 6 1 1
T10 7 7 2 2
T11 8 8 3 3
T12 9 9 4 4
T13 0 0 5 5
T14 4 7 2 7
Table 1 EANUCC Numbering Structures (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit).
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2) Serial shipping container code (SSCC) The SSCC is a standard identification number, used for the unique identification of logistic (transport and/or storage) units. A logistic unit is an item of any composition established for transport and/or storage which needs to be managed through the supply chain. Scanning the SSCC marked on each logistic unit allows the physical movement of units to be individually tracked and traced by providing a link between the physical movement of items and the associated information flow. It also opens up the opportunity to implement a wide range of applications such as cross docking, shipment routing, automated receiving, etc. 3) Global location number (GLN) The Global location number is used to identify a company or organisation as a legal entity. GLNs are also used to identify physical locations, or functional entities within the company. The use of location numbers is a pre-requisite for efficient EDI. 4) Asset numbering The EANUCC system provides a system for the identification of assets. The object of asset identification is to identify a physical entity as an inventory item. Asset identifiers should not be used for any other identification purpose. Each company holding an EANUCC company prefix may assign asset identifiers to the assets or the trade items supplied to their customers. Best practice may dictate that the trade item manufacturer apply the asset identifier during the manufacturing process. The EANUCC Asset Identifier acts as a key to access the characteristics of an asset stored in a computer file and/or to record movements of assets. Asset Identifiers may be used for simple applications, such as the location and use of a given fixed asset (e.g. a personal computer), or for complex applications such as recording the characteristics of a returnable asset (e.g. a reusable beer keg), its movements, its life-cycle history and any relevant data for accounting purposes.
EAN Australia provides separate guidelines for implementation of the EANUCC system for specific industries, such as transport, health, timber, metal, meat, paper, wool and greeting cards. These guidelines are available from our website at www.ean.com.au or from EAN Australia on request.
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Allocating global trade item numbers (GTINs) for retail trade items
Trade items sold at retail level to consumers are often referred to as consumer items. There are two types of GTINs for retail trade items which are not sold in Northern America. EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers - represented by an EAN-13 bar code. See Figure 2 on page 8. EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers - represented by an EAN-8 bar code. See Figure 3 on page 13.
Table 2 EAN/UCC-13 number in computer field (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit)
EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers can be used for the identification of any retail trade item, non-retail trade item, or for identification of location & company entities. Figure 2 shows the structure of the EAN/UCC-13 identification number and how it is composed.
In Australia numbers are allocated by one of the two following methods: Current Method Used to Assign Numbers The first nine digits (the EANUCC company prefix) are allocated by EAN Australia to the member company. The next three digits (the item reference) are then allocated by you to each individual trade item. Method Used to Assign Numbers Prior to May 1996 The first seven digits (the EANUCC company prefix) are allocated by EAN Australia to you as a member company. The next five digits (the item reference) are then allocated by you to each individual trade item.
The last digit is always a check digit, which is calculated by a mathematical formula to ensure that the whole number is correct. See Check digit on page 10, for more information.
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Current Method
Check Digit
Item Reference
Check Digit
Item Reference
Note - When identifying a location or company with an EAN/UCC-13 identification number it can only be represented in a UCC/EAN-128 bar code with the relevant Application Identifier. Please refer to EANUCC Application Identifiers on page 75. EANUCC company prefix The EANUCC company prefix is the number allocated to you by EAN Australia as a member company. EAN Australia manages the allocation of EANUCC company prefixes for Australia. The EANUCC company prefix may not be sold, leased or given, in whole or in part, for use by any other company. An EANUCC company prefix gives access to all the applications using EANUCC identification standards, i.e. identification of items, services, locations, logistic units, returnable containers, etc. It is a component of each of the numbering structures, other than the EAN/UCC-8. When a company changes legal status as a result of an acquisition, merger, partial purchase, split or spin-off the following guidelines apply.
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Products that are produced after the acquisition or merger may keep the GTIN allocated before it. A company should be careful when centralising the allocation of all numbers under one company prefix, thus changing the number of the existing products which is otherwise unchanged. This should be an exception, as it results in additional work and data file maintenance for customers.
Partial Purchase
When a company buys a division, a brand name or a range of items from another company, it may, to begin with, keep the numbers previously allocated by the selling company. The rules concerning the use of GTIN should be taken into consideration when drawing up the purchase contract. However, at the earliest opportunity it should phase in new numbers from its own range of numbers, to the items whose brand name it has acquired. It will be able to do this, for example, when packaging is redesigned or reprinted, even if the normal rule would be to keep the old number in this case. Trading partners must be notified of the number changes in advance. During this period, and during the four years following, the selling company must not reallocate the original numbers to the other items.
Split or spin-off
When a company splits into two or more separate companies it is necessary for each company prefix assigned to the original company to be transferred to one, and only one, of the new companies. Any company left without a company prefix will need to apply to EAN Australia to obtain one. A decision as to which of the new companies will take over which company prefixes should be made to minimise the number of changes to GTINs that will be required. The decision should be part of the legal arrangements that set up the new companies. It is not necessary for existing stock of items to be renumbered. However, when any of the split or spin-off companies have trade items that are numbered from a company prefix that it no longer holds, then it should renumber those items using its own company prefix when new labelling or packaging is produced. Customers should be notified well in advance of the changes. Split or spin-off companies that retain a company prefix must keep a record of the GTINs created from their prefix that have been allocated to items they no longer own. They must not re-use these GTINs for a period of at least four years after the company that split away owning those items last supplied goods identified by those GTINs. Therefore the company that did not retain the company prefix has to keep the company that did maintain the prefix informed of the dates on which the goods were last supplied with the previous number, or to guarantee a date by which the number change will be made.
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Item reference (item number) The item reference shown in Figure 2 is a non-significant number, which means that the individual digits in the number do not relate to anything or convey any specific item information. The number is purely for identification. The simplest way to allocate item references is sequentially, i.e. 000, 001, 002, 003, etc. Always number each item to the lowest level of identification. For example: size, colour, model, finish, type, style. This ensures that each item has a unique number. Check digit The last digit of the EAN/UCC-13 identification number is always the check digit. This is calculated by a mathematical formula to ensure that the whole number is correct. Please refer to Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit on page 14, for further information.
different variety of item by item type, size, style, model, and also by
flavour, colour, perfume, finish, and so on
different pack size of an item different multiple packs of an item, where it is intended, or there is a
possibility, that the multipack will be treated as a single unit
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