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Abstract: The double-excited or hybrid Different ways of modelling the PMSG, or its
synchronous generator (HSG), has the excitation field companion motor, were developed, based on the
produced by permanent magnets and auxiliary circuit-field analysis [8, 9] or on the time-stepping
excitation winding. It can be employed in small-scale coupled field-circuit method [7, 10]. A general
distributed or autonomous power systems. In the
paper, the steady-state equation for a HSG with
approach to compare different electric machines
excitation fields on both axes are developed and based on sizing and power density equations
particularized for different possible variants. A HSG was presented in [11].
prototype is presented and test results are compared The hybrid synchronous machine was
with the calculated one, evincing a quite large output presented in quite many papers too, such as [12,
voltage and power factor control. 13, 14] and a basic construction of such a
machine is given in Fig. 1.
Keywords: hybrid synchronous generator; stand-
alone operating
1. INTRODUCTION