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WhaL ls Lhe Lvldence for CllmaLe

Change and WhaL are lLs PealLh


lmpllcaLlons?

Sesslon 12

!oseph Crazlano, hu
Creg lreyer, hu
Lecture |an
Slgns Loday of a warmlng world
PlsLorlcal Lrends ln cllmaLe
LxpecLaLlons abouL fuLure cllmaLe
PealLh lmpacLs of cllmaLe change
Case sLudy: assesslng healLh lmpacLs from alr
polluLlon and heaL sLress
MlLlgaLlon sLraLegles
1he Intergovernmenta| ane| on C||mate
Change (ICC) stated |n ear|y 2013 that:

Warmlng of Lhe cllmaLe ls !"#$!%&'()*.
MosL of Lhe observed lncrease ln globally
averaged LemperaLures slnce Lhe mld-20Lh
cenLury ls &#+, *%.#*, due Lo Lhe observed lncrease
ln greenhouse gas concenLraLlons."
!"## %&' ())* +,--./001.2232,04
G|oba| Warm|ng |s nappen|ng
National impacts over recent decades
US Global Change Research Program (2009)
2F (1.1 C) rise in US
average temperature over the
past 50 yrs
Sea IeveI rise >8" in past 50
yrs in parts of Atlantic & Gulf
Coasts
Oceans 30% more acidic
than in pre-industrial times
Increase in heavy
downpours, as much as 67%
in Northeast
Current record warmth:
Atlantic sea surface
temperatures 4F (2C) above
average
Destructive potential of
Atlantic tropical storms,
hurricanes since 1970
c) Changes in heavy rainfall
kecent summers have
been hot.
ln Lhe easLern uS,
over 80 of locaLlons
ln 2010 had average
nlghLLlme lows ln Lhelr
3 hoLLesL years on
record.
40 (of Lhe 313 L of
Mlss) reporLed Lhelr
record hoLLesL average
summer nlghLLlme
LemperaLure slnce
1893.
Climate change
interacts with existing
environmental
challenges, such as:
"#$%&'(%)'*&
+&,#-. /,0%&1
2**1 3,45#').
6%),# 35778.
9'*1':,#;').
WhaL do you Lhlnk are some of Lhe drlvlng
forces LhaL cause cllmaLe change?
1 2 3 4
2S 2S 2S 2S
a. Lnergy use, urbanlzaLlon,
populaLlon growLh
b. 1ransporLaLlon sysLems, land
use, deforesLaLlon & hablLaL
desLrucLlon
c. AgrlculLural pracLlces, Lhe
amounL of meaL ln people's
dleLs, freshwaLer & marlne
resource use
d. All of Lhe above
M|n|-kecap #1
CllmaLe changes are occurrlng.
ulrecLlon of changes already observed across
many secLors ls conslsLenL wlLh warmlng.
lmpacLs wlll be superlmposed on exlsLlng
global healLh challenges.
vulnerablllLy and capaclLy for adapLaLlon
varles among populaLlons & places.
1he greenhouse effect |s essent|a| for mak|ng the earth |nhab|tab|e
!"## %&' ())* +,--./001.2232,04
LoLs of 8eef roduclng MeLhane!
CO
2
, CH
4
and N
2
O Concentrations

- far exceed pre-industrial values
- increased markedly since 1750
due to human activities
Relatively little variation before
the industrial era
Human and Natural Drivers
of Climate Change
From PCC's 4
th
Assessment Report
!"## %&' ())* +,--./001.2232,04
1,000 Years of Changes in Carbon Emissions, CO
2

Concentrations, and Temperature
!"## %&' ())* +,--./001.2232,04
100 0.0740.018
50 0.1280.026
Period Rate


Years /decade
Global mean temperatures are rising faster with time
!"#$%&' )* +%"#&, -*)-.)//0.-*)*.
-**1.-**2.-**-.-**/.-**3.-**4.
-**5
Whlch of Lhese gases conLrlbuLe Lo
warmlng of Lhe aLmosphere?
1 2 3 4 S
20 20 20 20 20 a. carbon dloxlde
b. nlLrous oxlde
c. waLer vapor
d. ozone
e. all of above
M|n|-kecap #2
CllmaLe depends ln parL on Lhe energy balance of Lhe
aLmosphere (sunllghL, lnfrared radlaLlon),
Several gases ln Lhe aLmosphere absorb ouLgolng
heaL (lnfrared radlaLlon),
PlsLorlcal Lrends show lncreaslng concenLraLlons of
several of Lhese greenhouse" gases,
PlsLorlcal LemperaLure Lrends show an lncrease over
pasL 100 years, suggesLlng a connecLlon wlLh
lncreaslng greenhouse gas concenLraLlons.
What m|ght the future ho|d?
1o address Lhls quesLlon, we rely on general
clrculaLlon models, or CCMs.
CCMs are global scale cllmaLe predlcLlon models.
Several dlfferenL CCMs have been used Lo examlne
poLenLlal fuLure cllmaLes under alLernaLlve
assumpLlons (or scenarlos") abouL greenhouse gas
levels.
ulfferenL models glve a range of predlcLlons, Lhough
Lhere ls conslderable agreemenL abouL Lrends ln
LemperaLure and sea level.
ro[ecLlons of luLure Changes ln CllmaLe
"Cont|nued greenhouse gas em|ss|ons at or above
current rates wou|d cause further warm|ng and
|nduce many changes |n the g|oba| c||mate system
dur|ng the 21st century that wou|d !"#$ &'("&$ be
|arger than those observed dur|ng the 20th
century."
IPCC 2007
ro[ecLlons of luLure Changes ln CllmaLe
Ior the next two decades a warm|ng of about 0.2C
per decade |s pro[ected for a range of GnG em|ss|on
scenar|os.
Lven |f the concentrat|ons of a|| greenhouse gases
and aeroso|s never rose above year 2000 |eve|s, a
further warm|ng of about 0.1C per decade wou|d
be expected due to |nert|a.
Lar||er ICC pro[ect|ons of 0.1S to 0.3
o
C per decade
can now be compared w|th observed va|ues of 0.2
o
C
If we stop all emissions
now, we still get warming
Land areas are pro[ected to warm more than the oceans
w|th the greatest warm|ng at h|gh |at|tudes
Annual mean temperature change, 2071 to 2100 relative to 1990: Global
Average in 2085 = 3.1
o
C
Norfo|k, VA: 14.S" sea |eve| r|se s|nce 1930
lronL-Llne ClLy SLarLs
1ackllng 8lse ln Lhe Sea"
n?1lmes Peadllne
11/26/10
8esldenLs ad[usLs dally
walklng, parklng paLLerns Lo
avold floodlng aL hlgh Lldes
CosL Lo repalr roads on one
sLreLch: $1.23 mllllon,
mulLlply by ???

Photo: Matthew Eich for the NY Times 11/26/10
Sea level has also risen steadily in New York City, where measurements
of sea level have been taken since 1888.
FDR Drive, October 29, 2012
!"#$%&"'(")*+ %(-./((01
2(*3+(#(+ )%*"0/%(00$&" 04("*%$&0 -&% 5*"/+*6(07
Adapted from Milliman et al. (1989).
lncreased rlsk of floods,
poLenLlally dlsplaclng Lens
of mllllons of people, due
Lo sea level rlse and heavy
ralnfall evenLs.

8angladesh ls pro[ecLed Lo
lose abouL 17 of lLs land
area wlLh a sea level rlse
of one meLer - very
dlfflculL Lo adapL due Lo
lack of adapLlve capaclLy
LnvlronmenLal 8efugees
8y reduclng CPC emlsslons now (l.e. ln
2010), we can sLop furLher global
warmlng wlLhln a decade or Lwo.
1 2
S0 S0
1. 1rue
2. lalse
M|n|-kecap #3
CllmaLe models are slmpllfled maLhemaLlcal descrlpLlons of
Lhe behavlor of Lhe earLh's cllmaLe sysLem,
CCMs offer useful way Lo examlne fuLure scenarlos of cllmaLe
as greenhouse gas concenLraLlons change
8y examlnlng a range of greenhouse gas growLh scenarlos &
uslng dlfferenL CCMs, a range of posslble fuLures" can be
examlned,
Whlle resulLs vary, all models predlcL conLlnued warmlng
lnerLla of earLh sysLems suggesLs need for early acLlon.

Possible Pathways for Health
Impacts of Climate Change
McMichael et al. 2003a
56670%8-9:;6:<9 =1>98>9>
!<?92-16@> =1>98>9 A1: "6BB@-16< C A>-,D8
ABB9:E19>
F98- G-:9>>
HI-:9D9 G-6:D>
!"#$% '$$( )*( +),-. #/00"12 0$0 345.),4$*2 6$*'"46,2 3-*,)" 7-)",7
neat Waves
Ma[or cause of death, hosp|ta||zat|ons & |||ness
August 2003 Luropean heat wave: 3S,000+ d|ed
Iu|y 199S Ch|cago heat wave: 700+ deaths
8ecenL example: 2006 Callfornla PeaL wave
- uayLlme LemperaLures >100l for Lwo weeks
- 8ecord nlghL Llme hlghs
- > 1 mllllon people wlLhouL elecLrlclLy
- Cfflclal deaLh Loll 146, AssoclaLed ress deaLh Loll 466
- MorbldlLy excess: over 16,000 L8 vlslLs & nearly 1,200
hosplLallzaLlons
- 23,000 caLLle and 700,000 chlckens dled
Ground-|eve| ozone (smog) format|on
Source: PL Kinney, ScD
Higher temperatures increase the rate of formation of ozone.
kagweed and G|oba| Warm|ng
CC
2
levels Loday - 131
more pollen
CC
2
levels ln 2030 - 320
more pollen

.compared wlLh pre-
lndusLrlal levels.
J1>K8 C #8@B?19B7L !/#, 8 9")*, 971#4$" (*/MNOPML ()))
Waterborne D|seases
2/3 of uS waLerborne
dlsease ouLbreaks
followed preclplLaLlon
above 80Lh percenLlle
norLheasL: 67 lncrease
ln sLorms w/exLreme ppL
ln lasL 60 years
LxLreme ralnfall evenLs
pro[ecLed Lo lncrease ln
fuLure wlLh warmlng
aLmosphere
Dengue Iever
Dengue fever is moving north due to global warming and more mosquito habitat.
First case on Long Island announced this week: a man in Suffolk County.
From: Confalonieri, U., B. Menne, R. Akhtar, K.L. Ebi, M. Hauengue, R.S. Kovats, B. Revich and A. Woodward,
2007: Human health. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working
Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der
Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 391-431.
Greenhouse Lm|ss|ons by Country
(uenslLy-Lquallzlng CarLogram)
Mark Newman, University of Michigan | www.worIdmapper.org
Data from: WHO 2004
Map from: Jonathan Patz, University of Wisconsin
nea|th Impacts of C||mate Change
Heat
Floods
Malaria
Diarrhea
Malnutrition
M|n|-kecap 4
CllmaLe changes go beyond melLlng polar caps &
rlslng sea levels.
CllmaLe change can lmpacL a wlde range of healLh
ouLcomes.
CllmaLe change wlll exacerbaLe already-exlsLlng
healLh problems.
oorer populaLlons are frequenLly leasL able Lo cope
& dlsproporLlonaLely lmpacLed.
1wo-step process used to study c||mate-hea|th
|mpacts:
)* +," -.'/"0'1&12'3 4..#153,
SLudy and quanLlfy hlsLorlcal relaLlonshlps beLween
cllmaLe-relaLed exposures" and human healLh
ouLcomes
1he goa| |s to |dent|fy and quant|fy "exposure-
response" re|at|onsh|ps
6* +," 7"5&8, 90.538 4::"::0";8 4..#153,
redlcL fuLure healLh lmpacLs by modellng fuLure
cllmaLe-relaLed exposures and assumlng hlsLorlcal
exposure-response relaLlonshlps wlll sLlll operaLe
rov|des answers to "what |f?" quest|ons
nea|th Impact Assessment
Wldely used ln regulaLory declslon maklng
Model fuLure envlronmenLal condlLlons under
varlous scenarlos (e.g., alLernaLlve alr polluLlon
emlsslons conLrol opLlons)
ro[ecL exlsLlng knowledge regardlng human healLh
lmpacLs glven fuLure envlronmenLal condlLlons
LsLlmaLe healLh lmpacLs of modeled envlronmenLal
changes
CfLen, analyze cosL/effecLlveness, or asslgn dollar
values Lo Lhe healLh lmpacLs and do cosL/beneflL
analysls
87( 9(: ;&%<
=+$'*)( > ?(*+)7 @%&A(4)
Linking models for global and regional
climate, land use and cover, and air quality.

to examine the potential public health impacts
of heat and air pollution under alternative
scenarios of climate change and regional land
use in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s in the
NYC metropolitan region.

Funded by the USEPA STAR Research Program.
!"#$%&'() +,&-.(/
"- 01,2$3 /'&-)&3)
(4+(()(-+( )&5/
6"', +%"#&'(
+,&-.(
7889/ :9:9/

CIimate-ReIated MortaIity, Current vs. Future ModeI SimuIations
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1990s 2020s A2 2050s A2 2080s A2
Decade
A
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d

D
e
a
t
h
s
summer
heat-
reIated
mortaIity
summer
ozone-
reIated
mortaIity
Estimated progression over time of heat & O
3

related deaths in NY metro region
C||mate change |mpacts |n NC
Summer heaL-relaLed morLallLy
could double by Lhe 2030s, wlLhouL
furLher prevenLlon measures
Summer ozone-relaLed morLallLy
could lncrease sllghLly, buL depends
on polluLlon conLrols
Also, more frequenL severe sLorms


Some of Lhe sources of uncerLalnLy ln pro[ecLlng
posslble fuLure healLh lmpacLs of cllmaLe change
lnclude:
1 2 3 4 S
20 20 20 20 20
a. Change ln Lhe numbers of people
affecLed/populaLlon growLh.
b. Changes ln access Lo healLh care,
chronlc dlsease raLes, eLc.
c. 1he numbers of people who use alr
condlLlonlng.
d. Cur level of undersLandlng of
aLmospherlc & LerresLrlal chemlsLry &
physlcs LhaL go lnLo Lhe model
pro[ecLlons.
e. All of Lhe above
kecap
CllmaLe & healLh llnked ln dlrecL & lndlrecL ways
CllmaLe models can be comblned wlLh healLh sclence
Lools (epldemlology & rlsk assessmenL) Lo pro[ecL
posslble fuLure scenarlos of cllmaLe-healLh lmpacLs
as greenhouse gas concenLraLlons change
Local-scale pro[ecLlons are now belng done ln uS &
are posslble for oLher world reglons
ulfferenLlal vulnerablllLles wlll deLermlne who could
be mosL affecLed and Lhus ln need of greaLer
lnvesLmenL ln bulldlng reslllence
CllmaLe change LhreaLens healLh
CllmaLe change ls one of Lhe
mosL serlous publlc healLh
LhreaLs faclng our naLlon.
?eL few Amerlcans are
aware of Lhe very real
consequences of cllmaLe
change on Lhe healLh of our
communlLles, our famllles
and our chlldren.
- ur. Ceorges 8en[amln,
LxecuLlve ulrecLor of Lhe
Amerlcan ubllc PealLh
AssoclaLlon

$14 billion in health-related costs from just six
US climate change-related events, 2002-2009
(Knowlton et al., Health Affairs 2011)
2011: A ?ear of LxLremes
14 bllllon-dollar evenLs: heaL,
droughL, floods, snow, wlnds LoLaled
<=> ?'&&'1; ln damages
WeLLesL-ever sprlng ln 10 sLaLes, and
urlesL-ever year ln 1exas
arL of a Lrend:
2000-2010: WarmesL uecade on 8ecord
2012: PoLLesL year ln u.S. hlsLory
2010, 2012: hoLLesL years slnce 1880
33 consecuLlve years wlLh global
LemperaLures >20
Lh
cenLury average


1wo SLraLegles for CllmaLe Change
SoluLlons
lour key LlemenLs of Clobal
Warmlng reparedness
=+$'*)( 2&+.)$&"0B
C7*) 4*" :( 6&1

1wo SLraLegles for SoluLlons
M|t|gat|on Adaptat|on
=+$'*)( 2&+.)$&"0B
2)%*)(/$(0
1<-9:Q9<-16<> -6 :97@29
9D1>>16<> +6: 9<,8<29 >1<K>4
6? E:99<,6@>9 E8>9>
1<1-18-1Q9> C D98>@:9> -6
:97@29 -,9 Q@B<9:8;1B1-R 6?
<8-@:8B C ,@D8< >R>-9D>
8E81<>- 82-@8B 6: 9I.92-97
2B1D8-9 2,8<E9 9??92->

1wo SLraLegles for SoluLlons
D$)$/*)$&"
Adaptat|on
1<-9:Q9<-16<> -6 :97@29
9D1>>16<> +6: 9<,8<29 >1<K>4
6? E:99<,6@>9 E8>9>
1<1-18-1Q9> C D98>@:9> -6
:97@29 -,9 Q@B<9:8;1B1-R 6?
<8-@:8B C ,@D8< >R>-9D>
8E81<>- 82-@8B 6: 9I.92-97
2B1D8-9 2,8<E9 9??92->
C||mate So|ut|ons:
Strateg|es
- GHG laws or regulations (mandatory)
- Energy efficiency
- Rely more on renewable energy sources
- Biological carbon sequestration
- Reducing other greenhouse gases from industry,
agriculture, waste management
- Decarbonization
- CO
2
removal and storage
M|t|gat|on opt|ons

US EIA (http://www.eia.doe.gov)
UN IkAMLWCkk CCNVLN1ICN CN
CLIMA1L CnANGL
(or unlCCC, LarLh SummlL ln 8lo 1992)
vCLun1A8? goals, reduce CPCs Lo 1990 levels by
2000, Lo sLablllze aL a level LhaL would prevenL
dangerous anthropogen|c |nterference w|th the
c||mate system
kC1C kC1CCCL (1997)
8lnulnC LargeLs Lo reduce emlsslons 3 below
1990 levels by 2012, ln force 2003 for lndusLrlal
counLrles LhaL raLlfled, lnLernaLlonal emlsslons
Lradlng + Clean uevelopmenL Mechanlsm
Copenhagen 2009, Cancun 2010,
Durban, South Afr|ca (Dec 2011)

Internat|ona| GnG regu|at|ons
2007: Supreme Court: ruled CO
2
is
Clean Air Act pollutant, and EPA has
power to regulate (or explain why
not)
!PCC +th Assessment Report
2007 Nobel Prize: Al Gore, !PCC
Federal proposals to reduce
greenhouse gases (GHGs)
18 states with regional
agreements to reduce GHGs
2009: EPA Endangerment finding
2011: 2 proposed adaptation bills
2012: EPA new-source carbon rule
proposed
2007-2011:
A Lot of Progress 8 Work Still to Do
LA Lndangerment I|nd|ng4]17]09
names CC
2
& 3 oLher CPCs as polluLanLs sub[ecL Lo
regulaLlon under Lhe federal Clean Alr AcL

LA clalms LhaL CPCs endanger Lhe healLh of Lhe
publlc.

2012: u.S. CourL of Appeals upholds Lhls declslon.



LAs proposed new Carbon 8ule
(Mar 27
Lh
2012)
llrsL naLlonwlde regulaLory llmlLs on carbon
polluLlon (CPCs) from "#/ power planLs
new llmlLs wlll acceleraLe Lhe shlfL from coal
Lo naLural gas & cleaner alLernaLlve fuels
Wlll promoLe cleaner energy Lechnologles llke
Carbon CapLure & SLorage (CCS), Lrap CC2
before lL leaves smokesLack, Lhen sLore
below-ground

1he 8oad Lo Lhe 8ule
1he Clean Alr AcL (CAA) requlres LA Lo seL llmlLs on alr
polluLanLs LhaL LhreaLen publlc healLh and welfare.

Supreme CourL ruled ln 2007, 2011: CC2 ls a polluLanL
under CAA, LA musL acL lf lL deLermlnes LhaL lL
endangers healLh.

LlmlLs announced 3/27/12 conLlnue Lo honor LhaL rullng,
and follow precedenLs esLabllshed ln 40 yrs of CAA
uest|on S
3. 1he group charged wlLh seLLlng llmlLs on
carbon polluLlon ls:
a. 1he Pouse of 8epresenLaLlves
b. 1he SenaLe
c. 1he uS LA
no currenL lederal leglslaLlon, now LA Clean
Alr AcL (CAA) regulaLlon of CPCs
Aprll 2010: roposed lederal regulaLlon of
naLlonal fuel economy sLandards for 2016
model cars/Lrucks would lnclude CPCs for 1
sL

Llme
CorporaLe supporL growlng for CllmaLe AcLlon
arLnershlps
SLaLe-level lnlLlaLlves (loLs!)


US Legislative &
Regulatory Initiatives
The Rising Tide for Global Warming Solutions
November 2008

lan?C:
reduce n?C CPCs 30 by 2030

Design and construction practices that
significantly reduce or eliminate the negative
impact of buildings on the environment and
occupants in five broad areas:
Energy efficiency and renewable energy
Sustainable site planning
Safeguarding water and water efficiency
Conservation of materials and resources
Indoor environmental quality
C7*) $0 "/%((" 6(0$/""1
65% of total U.S. electricity consumption

32% of total U.S. greenhouse gas
emissions
79% of NYC GHGs produced by 950,000
buildings (US average: 32%)

* Commerclal and resldenLlal

E'F%&#$"/ !"(%/G !--$4$("4G
*"6 H("(:*I+(0B 5.$+6$"/0J
One Bryant Park
(Bank of America Bldg)

New 2,350,000 sq. foot office
building near Times Square

The first LEED Platinum
building in NYC
LEED = Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
kenewab|e energy sources:
So|ar ower for a 8rook|yn home
STGHU=AV> W9; >1-9 1>/
!!!"#$!%&'()*&(++,"$&-
",6-6>/ X9< G2,B9>
n?C 8esldenLlal cusLomers
can speclfy 100 renewable
power (reglonal Wlnu
and/or P?u8C) lnsLead of
drawlng on LradlLlonal
nuclear power and fossll
fuel sources ($3-9/mo exLra
cosL Lo consumer)
=&"!6 2&+.)$&"0 F%&/%*'B
K%((" F&:(%
,--.>/00WWW326<97>6B@-16<>326D029>Y9<:6BB0Z.:67@2-[E:99<
1he Arlzona ConnecLlon
!"#$%&'()*$+)'(,
.)% /0+%$#+)'( #$( #'12"(3$+"
4'% 56
7
"1)33)'(3 $(89:"%"
A:- #6@:-9>R XB8@> \82K<9:L #6B@D;18 H8:-, !<>-1-@-9
uest|on 6
6. WhaL ls new ?ork ClLys blggesL secLoral
conLrlbuLor Lo lLs Creenhouse Cas
emlsslons?
a. Creenhouse gases from lndusLrles
b. 1ransporLaLlon emlsslons
c. 8ulldlngs energy consumpLlon
d. Landfllls



1wo SLraLegles for SoluLlons
M|t|gat|on
L6*F)*)$&"
C||mate So|ut|ons: Adaptat|on
(or reparedness)
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6? E:99<,6@>9 E8>9>
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:97@29 -,9 ,8:D -6 <8-@:8B C
,@D8< >R>-9D> ?:6D 2B1D8-9
2,8<E9 9??92->
n8uCs
0*%1)2# 03)"4#
53+#)2#"6 7#)*23
webslLe:
local cllmaLe-healLh
LhreaLs, and adapLaLlon
acLlons

!!!"#$%&"'$()&*+,-./,-01
Iour key L|ements of
G|oba| Warm|ng reparedness
ldenLlfylng vulnerablllLles
hyslcal LnvlronmenL
uemographlc
1racklng
ulsease
ZoonoLlc
LnvlronmenLal CondlLlons
CllmaLe-SmarL ueslgn
CommunlLles
8ulldlngs
ubllc LducaLlon
reparedness
h||ade|ph|a
neat-nea|th Warn|ng
System
/0%')12,1'- 3*+'%&(41+1)1%5 6 #1-R W6:K97 W08E9<219>
-6 179<-1?R W,9:9 9B79:> B1Q9] S91E,;6:> 2,92K 6< 9B79:BR
Q18 ";@77R >R>-9D 1< ,98-W8Q9>

7&(891'- 6 S8-16<8B %98-,9: G9:Q129L =9.- 6? "@;B12
F98B-,L #6:.6:8-16< ?6: AE1<EL S9W> ^9718 8:9 1<
26<-82- W,9< ,98- W8Q9 1> .:9712-97L 8<7 .@;B12 1>
8B9:-97 ?:9_@9<-BR] ?:99 "F98-B1<9 1<?6

:+1;()%6<;(&) =%51-' #66B F6D9> ":6E:8D
9<26@:8E9> 9<9:ERP9??1219<- 79>1E<] ?:99 9<9:ER 8@71->

>*4+18 ?0*8()1$'
#66B1<E 29<-9:> 6.9<97] <6 @-1B1-R >9:Q129 >@>.9<>16<>]
D6:9 51:9L H^GL F6D9B9>> >Q2 >-8??] "@;B12 97@28-16<
8;6@- W,8- -6 760W,8- <6- -6 76
H;1 9- 8B3 +:!;< ())`4
h||ade|ph|a's Cperat|ona| Strategy
Lxcesslve PeaL 8esponses lnclude:

rocesses for declarlng an Lxcesslve PeaL Warnlng ln coordlnaLlon wlLh
Lhe naLlonal WeaLher Servlce,
A process for lncreaslng Lhe number of LMS resources avallable for
response,
AcLlvaLlon and managemenL of Lhe hlladelphla CorporaLlon for Aglng's
7#)28%"#9
ueploymenL of hlladelphla ueparLmenL of ubllc PealLh moblle Leams
and dlsLrlcL envlronmenLal healLh Leams,
A summary of acLlvlLles assoclaLed wlLh Code 8ed acLlvaLlons and summer
ouLreach for homeless persons,
A summary of Lhe procedures for acLlvaLlng coollng cenLers (alr-
condlLloned faclllLles LhaL are free and open Lo Lhe publlc),
8oles and responslblllLles of uLlllLy companles regardlng halLlng servlce
suspenslons due Lo non-paymenL.

uest|on 7
7. 1he sub[ecL of cllmaLe change .
a. ls presenLed ln a way LhaL seems overly
alarmlsL.
b. makes me wanL Lo do someLhlng abouL lL.
c. ls upseLLlng & makes me wanL Lo noL llsLen
anymore.
d. ls a Loplc lll work Lo geL a decenL grade on,
buL lL doesnL really lnLeresL me Loo much.


Cll dependence
Lven wlLhouL cllmaLe change, should we noL
wanL Lo wean ourselves from oll and coal?

WhaL are Lhe ecologlc cosLs of our
dependence on carbon for energy?
Where does Lhe uS geL mosL of lLs oll?
ln 1973 36 of uS oll
consumpt|on was lmporLed
from Lhe mlddle easL.
1oday mosL of our lmporLed oll
comes from Canada, Mexlco
and Afrlca.
Canada ls Lhe largesL
exporLer of oll Lo Lhe uS.
8uL aL whaL cosL?
1he cosL of oll producLlon ln Canada?
hLLp://www.Led.com/Lalks/garLh_lenz_lmages
_of_beauLy_and_devasLaLlon.hLml

Photo: Ofc of Gov. Bobby Jindal
Photo: Steven Johnson/Miami Herald
Photo: NRDC
C|| affects ecosystems & human hea|th
A C|ean Lnergy Iuture
To prevent more disasters,
move toward cleaner, non-
polluting energy sources that
wont run out
Prepare for climate change
impacts via preparedness
Reduce carbon pollutions
current sources
Photo: Ken Schles
Conc|us|ons
LffecLs of cllmaLe change have a human face
Lnergy/envlronmenLal pollcles musL alm Lo proLecL
chlldren's healLh & socleLys mosL vulnerable, buL
none of us are lmmune Lo cllmaLe change
More healLh-harmlng changes are lnevlLable
wlLhouL acLlons Lo reduce carbon polluLlon
reparedness pays: proLecL healLh, avold $$ cosLs
ubllc PealLh professlonals can be powerful
leaders
We can creaLe healLhler, more secure communlLles
Cvera|| Conc|us|ons
We wlll experlence Lhe lmpacL of cllmaLe change on
healLh for aL leasL Lhe nexL 30+ years
More changes are lnevlLable wlLhouL acLlons Lo
reduce green house gas emlsslons
Puman healLh & ecologlcal sysLems wlll be affecLed
by energy cholces & cllmaLe change, mllllons are
hlghly vulnerable, none are lmmune
reparedness pays
ollcles & leadershlp are needed Lo creaLe healLhler,
more reslllenL communlLles
nLvL8 uCu81 1PA1 A SMALL C8Cu
Cl 1PCuCP1luL, CCMMl11Lu Cl1lZLnS
CAn CPAnCL 1PL WC8Lu. lnuLLu, l1 lS
1PL CnL? 1PlnC 1PA1 LvL8 PAS.

-:;<=;<>5 :>;?
@A ;B57<CDC8C=EA5 FGHIG J GHKL M
"We know enough now to act"

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