Cigarette Nicotine Content vs.

Cigarette Carbon Monoxide Content Linear Regression Analysis Project Christopher Workman Davenport University

STAT-220- Introduction to Statistics Deb Steiner October 22, 2013

Abstract A comparison will be made that focuses on the relationship between the total nicotine content and the total carbon monoxide content of 30 name brand cigarettes. From this data, it is postulated that the as the nicotine content (in mg) increases that there is a positive increase in the carbon monoxide (in mg) produced. The association will be interpreted by utilizing graphical figures and statistical tables as offered in appendices A through C.

I am submitting this because I wanted to get an idea of my framework is OK. Im confident in my writing skills to relay the data found in a professional and scholarly manner. My main concern was getting the data sets and proper format correct before writing any of the bulk of my findings. Basically I wanted to do the math before I built the house. I found an additional collection of cigarette data sets and have included them in my references and findings. I didnt know if I should separate them into different tables due to the sources being different to produce a better dichotomy or just leave them included in the larger set. I have distinguished them by including (KING) with each new one. I found that gave them all a baseline to go off of. Anything you could critique or advise on would be greatly appreciatedlike I said Im more worried about my data sets being correct at this point so I can build the paper off the layout here instead of writing a 2 page paper and having to do a massive rewrite all next week. Thanks again Chris

Appendix A- Original Data Set

Brand Name Tar content (mg) Nicotine content (mg) Weight (g) Carbon monoxide content (mg) 14.1 16.0 15.0 16.0 29.8 8.0 4.1 15.0 8.8 23.0 12.4 16.6 14.9 13.7 13.0 15.1 7.8 11.4 9.0 1.0 17.0 12.8 15.8 4.5 14.5 3.0 7.3 8.6 15.2 12.0 0.86 1.20 1.00 1.06 2.03 0.67 0.4 1.04 0.76 1.30 0.95 1.12 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.90 0.57 0.78 0.74 0.13 1.26 1.08 0.96 0.42 1.01 0.30 0.61 0.69 1.02 0.82 0.9853 * * 1.0938 1.1650 0.9280 0.9462 0.8885 1.0267 * 0.9225 0.9372 0.8858 0.9643 * 0.9316 0.9705 1.1240 0.8517 0.7851 0.9186 1.0395 0.9573 0.9106 1.0070 * 0.9806 0.9693 0.9496 1.1184 13.6 14.0 16.0 16.6 23.5 10.2 5.4 15.0 9.0 15.0 12.3 16.3 15.4 13.0 12.0 14.4 10.0 10.2 9.5 1.5 18.5 12.6 17.5 4.9 15.9 4.0 8.5 10.6 13.9 14.9

Alpine American (KING) Basic (KING) Benson&Hedges BullDurham CamelLights Carlton Chesterfield GoldenLights GPC (KING) Kent Kool L&M LarkLights Lucky Strike (KING) Marlboro Merit MultiFilter NewportLights Now OldGold PallMallLight Raleigh SalemUltra Tareyton Triumph (KING) 1 ViceroyRichLight VirginiaSlims WinstonLights

(*) denotes unavailable data

Appendix B- Tables

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics: Nicotine content (mg), Carbon monoxide content (mg)
Variable Nicotine content (mg) Carbon monoxide content Variable Nicotine content (mg) Carbon monoxide content Variable Nicotine content (mg) Carbon monoxide content Total Count 30 30 Median 0.9550 13.300 Mean 0.8903 12.473 Q3 1.0450 15.525 StDev 0.3548 4.670 CoefVar 39.85 37.44 Range 1.9000 22.000 Minimum 0.1300 1.500 IQR 0.3600 5.650 Q1 0.6850 9.875

Maximum 2.0300 23.500 N for Mode 2 2

Mode 1, 1.01, 1.02 10.2, 15

Table 2 Correlations: Nicotine content (mg), Carbon monoxide content (mg)

Pearson correlation of Nicotine content (mg) and Carbon monoxide content (mg) = 0.918 P-Value = 0.000

Table 3 Regression Analysis: Nicotine content versus Carbon monoxide

The regression equation is Nicotine content (mg) = 0.0202 + 0.0698 Carbon monoxide content (mg) Predictor Constant Carbon monoxide content (mg) S = 0.142911 R-Sq = 84.3% Coef 0.02015 0.069763 SE Coef 0.07553 0.005683 T 0.27 12.28 P 0.792 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 83.8%

Analysis of Variance Source Regression Residual Error Total DF 1 28 29 SS 3.0778 0.5719 3.6497 MS 3.0778 0.0204 F 150.70 P 0.000

Appendix B- Tables Cont.

Unusual Observations Carbon monoxide content (mg) 23.5 1.5 17.5

Obs 5 20 23

Nicotine content (mg) 2.0300 0.1300 0.9600

Fit 1.6596 0.1248 1.2410

SE Fit 0.0679 0.0676 0.0387

Residual 0.3704 0.0052 -0.2810

St Resid 2.95RX 0.04 X -2.04R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

Appendix C- Figures
Figure 1 Histogram of Nicotine Content
Histogram of Nicotine Content (mg)
14 12 10

Frequency

8 6 4 2 0

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00 1.25 1.50 Nicotine content (mg)

1.75

2.00

Figure 2 Histogram of Carbon Monoxide Content

Histogram of Carbon Monoxide Content (mg)

9 8 7

Frequency

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 10 15 Carbon monoxide content (mg) 20

Appendix C- Figures Cont.

Figure 3 Boxplot of Nicotine Content

Boxplot of Nicotine Content (mg)

0.0

0.5

1.0 Nicotine content (mg)

1.5

2.0

Figure 4 Boxplot of Carbon Monoxide Content

Boxplot of Carbon Monoxide Content (mg)

10 15 Carbon Monoxide content (mg)

20

25

Appendix C- Figures Cont.

Figure 5 Fitted Line Plot of Nicotine Content vs. Carbon Monoxide Content
Relationship between Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide content (mg) = 1.711 + 12.09 Nicotine content (mg) 25

S R-Sq R-Sq(adj) 1.88119 84.3% 83.8%

Carbon monoxide content (mg)

20 15 10 5 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Nicotine content (mg) 2.0

References Erowid Tobacco Vault : Info on Nicotine Content of Cigarette Brands. (n.d.). Erowid Tobacco Vault : Info on Nicotine Content of Cigarette Brands. Retrieved October 23, 2013, from http://www.erowid.org/plants/tobacco/tobacco_nic.shtml

McIntyre, L. (1994). Using Cigarette Data for An Introduction to Multiple Regression. Journal of Statistics Education, v.2(1), -. Journal of Statistics Education - Data Archive. (n.d.). Journal of Statistics Education - Data Archive. Retrieved October 23, 2013, from http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/jse_data_archive.htm