MAKERERE

UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS

DEPARMENT OF NETWORKS
MASTERS DATA COMMUNICATION AND SOFTWARE ENGINERING

Communications S st!ms
COURSE CODE" MCN #$%# Assi&nm!nt

NAME" REG NO" STUD NO"

ANDIMA GEOFFREY '%$()HD%*)+#+U '%#%%%,-'

Uns.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!s 4UTP Ca3/!s5 UTP is a four-pair wire medium used in a variety of networks. Each of the eight copper wires in the UTP cable is covered by insulating material. In addition, each pair of wires is twisted around each other. This type of cable relies on the cancellation effect produced by the twisted wire pairs to limit attenuation caused by electromagnetic interference and radio fre uency interference

F!atu2!s o6 Uns.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!s !peed and throughput"#$ to #$$$ %bps &verage cost per node"least e'pensive %edia and connector si(e"!mall %a'imum cable length"#$$ m )short* A07anta&!s o6 Uns.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 4UTP5 Ca3/!s 1) The main advantage of a UTP cable is its capability to cancel interference, because the twistedwire pairs limit signal deprivation from electromagnetic interference )E%I* and radio fre uency interference )+,I*. 2) Unshielded Twisted-Pair )UTP* !tructured Premise -abling permits many communication protocols to reside in the same wire bundle. E'amples include voice, data, and --T. video and control. 3) Unshielded Twisted Pair system is -olor-coded cabling. 4) & good UTP system gives better interference re/ection than coa'ial cable. 5) -heaper and far easier to splice 6) It is easy to install and is less e'pensive than other types of cables.

7) It is used most often.

Disa07anta&!s o6 Uns.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!s 1) It is more likely to pick up interference than other types of cables. 2) The distance between signal boosts is shorter for UTP than it is for coa'ial and fiber optic cables. This means that you must strengthen the signal more often.

There are 0 different types of categories of UTP cables as listed below. T 8! Data Rat!s Us!

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5

------2ata to 3 %bps 2ata to #$ %bps 2ata to 5$ %bps 2ata to #$$ %bps

.oice -able*

1nly

)Telephone

4ocal Talk Ethernet !ome Token +ings Ethernet and ,ast Ethernet

T!2mination o6 Uns.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!

UTP cables are terminated with standard connectors )plugs and /acks* or punch downs. The plug6/ack is often referred to as a 7+8-307, but that is really a Telco designation for the 7modular 9 pin connector7 terminated with a U!1- pin out used for telephones. The male connector on the end of a patch cord is called a 7plug7 and the receptacle on the wall outlet is a 7/ack.7 These terminations are called 7I2-7 for 7insulation-displacement connections,7 since the wires are held in knife-edge terminations that slice through the insulation and dig into the copper wire, forming a tight seal like this. &ll I2- connections re uire untwisting a small amount of each pair to get the wires into the contacts. In order to minimi(e crosstalk and return loss problems, it:s necessary to keep the amount of wire in each pair untwisted and minimi(e the amount of cable /acket removed. ,or -at 060e6;6;& cable, the ma'imum amount of untwisted wire is specified as $.07 )#< mm* but its good practice to minimi(e the amount of untwist and the length of cable /acket removed.

STP 9S.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2: Ca3/!s !TP is typically used for Token-+ing networks, where it is commonly referred to I=% Type # )or 5, <, ;, 9, and so many others*. !TP cable uses cancellation, shielding, and twisted wires. The twisted wires and shielded twisted-pair cables allow for more cancellation of electrical interference than the unshielded twisted-pair cables. Each pair of wires is wrapped in metallic foil and those four pairs of wires are wrapped in an overall metallic foil.

F!atu2!s o6 S.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!s

The following summari(es the features of !hielded Twisted Pair cables> !peed and throughput"#$ to #$$ %bps &verage cost per node"moderately e'pensive %edia and connector si(e"%edium to large %a'imum cable length"#$$ m )short* A07anta&!s o6 S.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!s 1) The shielding provides more protection from all types of incoming e'ternal interference. 2) The shielding minimi(es outgoing radiated electromagnetic waves that could potentially cause noise in other devices. Disa07anta&!s o6 S.i!/0!0 T1ist!0 Pai2 Ca3/!s 1) It is more e'pensive and difficult to install than UTP. 2) It cannot be run as far as coa'ial cable or optical fiber without the signal being repeated. 3) The metallic shielding materials in !TP need to be grounded at both ends. If improperly grounded or if there are any breaks in the shielding of the cable it can suffer from noise problems. The shield will act like an antenna picking up unwanted signals in the case that it is not properly grounded or the shielding has breaks in it.

Coa;ia/ Ca3/!

-oa'ial cable consists of two conductors. The inner conductor is held inside an insulator with the other conductor woven around it providing a shield. &n insulating protective coating called a /acket covers the outer conductor.

Coa;ia/ Ca3/!

The outer shield protects the inner conductor from outside electrical signals. The distance between the outer conductor )shield* and inner conductor, plus the type of material used for insulating the inner conductor determine the cable properties or impedance. Typical impedances for coa'ial cables are ?0 1hms for T. cable, 0$ 1hms for Ethernet Thinnet and Thicknet. The e'cellent control of the impedance characteristics of the cable allow higher data rates to be transferred than with twisted pair cable.

F!atu2!s o6 Coa;ia/ Ca3/!s The following summari(es the features of coa'ial cables> !peed and throughput"#$ to #$$ %bps &verage cost per node"Ine'pensive %edia and connector si(e"%edium %a'imum cable length"0$$ m )medium*

A07anta&!s o6 Coa;ia/ Ca3/! 1) It has better shield against electromagnetic interference than twisted pair cable, so it can span longer distance at higher data bits per second )bps*. 2) It can be used for both analog and digital data transmissions. ,or analog data transmission, ?0ohm broadband coa'ial is used and for digital transmission, 0$ @ ohm baseband cable is used. 3) It is ine'pensive as compared to twisted pair wires and UTP cables but easy to handle.

4) 4ower error rates, because the inner conductor is in a ,araday shield, noise immunity is improved, and coa' has a lower error rates and therefore slightly better performance than twisted pair. 5) Areater spacing between amplifiers coa'Bs cable shielding reduces noise and crosstalk, which means amplifiers can be spaced farther apart than with twisted pair. 6) It has a greater capacity than UTP cables. Disa07anta&!s o6 Coa;ia/ Ca3/! 1) -oa'ial cable is more e'pensive to install than twisted-pair cable. 2) It is limited in its distance. 3) It has a limited number of connections that can be made to it. 4) The thicker the cable, the more difficult to work with