100 Word Vocabulary List

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Geometry

Geometry - branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, planes and solids and examines their properties. Point has no size; length, width, or height. It is represented by a dot and named by a capital letter. Line set of points which has infinite length but no width or height. line is named by a lower case letter or by any two points on the line. Plane set of points that has infinite length and width but no height. "e name a plane with a capital letter. Space set of all points. Collinear points points that lie on the same line. Noncollinear points points that do not lie on the same line. Coplanar points points that lie on the same plane. Noncoplanar points points that do not lie on the same plane. Segment part of a line that consists of two points called endpoints and all points between them. Ray- is the part of a line that contains an endpoint and all points extending in the other direction. Congruent segments segments that ha*e the same length. Bisector of a segment line, ray segment, or plane that di*ides a segment into two congruent segments. idpoint of a segment a point that di*ides the segment into two congruent segments. !cute angle angle whose measure is between ) degrees and () degrees. Rig"t angle angle whose measure is () degrees. #btuse angle angle whose measure is greater than () degrees but less than 1') degrees. Straig"t angle angle whose measure is 1') degrees. Congruent angles angles that ha*e the same measure. !ngle bisector ray that di*ides an angle into two congruent ad+acent angles. $riangle the figure formed by three segments +oining three noncollinear points. ,ach of the three points is a *ertex of the triangle and the segments are the sides. !cute triangle- triangle that has all acute angles. Rig"t triangle triangle with a right angle. #btuse triangle triangle with an obtuse angle. %&uiangular triangle triangle with all angles congruent. Scalene triangle triangle with no sides congruent. 'sosceles triangle triangle with at least two sides congruent. %&uilateral triangle triangle with all sides congruent. !d(acent angles two coplanar angles with a common *ertex and a common side between them Vertical angles the non-ad+acent angles formed by two intersecting lines. Complementary angles two angles whose sum is () degrees. Supplementary angles two angles whose sum is 1') degrees. Perpendicular lines two lines that intersect to form right angles. Parallel lines two lines are parallel if they are coplanar and do not intersect. S)e* lines are noncoplanar lines they will not intersect. Polygon union of ! or more coplanar segments that meet only at endpoints such that at most two segments meet at one endpoint and each segment meets exactly two other segments. Regular polygon polygon which is e-uilateral and e-uiangular. Congruent triangles two triangles are congruent if corresponding sides are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent. edian of a triangle segment from the *ertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side. !ltitude of a triangle segment from the *ertex of a triangle perpendicular to the line containing the opposite side. Parallelogram -uadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel. Rectangle parallelogram with a right angle. R"ombus parallelogram with consecuti*e sides congruent. S&uare all sides congruent and all four right angles.

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$rape+oid -uadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel. Ratio comparison of two numbers by di*ision. Proportion e-uation that states two ratios are e-ual. Pyt"agorean $"eorem in a right triangle, the sum of the s-uares of the legs is e-ual to the s-uare of the hypotenuse Circle the set of points in a plane that are e-uidistant from a fixed point called the center. Radius segment whose endpoints are the center of the circle and a point on the circle. C"ord segment that connects two points on the circle. ,iameter chord that passes through the center of the circle. Secant line that intersects a circle in two points. $angent line in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle in one point. Concentric circles two or more circles in the same plane with the same center. Congruent circles circles that ha*e congruent radii. Sp"ere set of points in space a gi*en distance from a gi*en point called the center. !rc consists of two points and the continuous part of a circle between them. Semi-circle arc whose endpoints are the endpoints of a diameter. inor arc arc whose measure is less than a semi-circle or 1') degree. a(or arc arc whose measure is greater than a semi-circle or 1') degrees. Central angle of a circle angle whose *ertex is the center of the circle and whose rays are radii of the circle. Congruent arcs arcs with e-ual measure in the same circle or in congruent circles. 'nscribed angles angle whose *ertex is on the circle and whose sides are chords of the circle. Bases congruent polygons lying in parallel planes. !ltitude segment +oining the two base planes and perpendicular to both. Lateral faces faces of a prism that are not its bases. Lateral edges intersection of ad+acent lateral faces form lateral edges. Lateral area sum of the area of its lateral faces. Surface area sum of the area of all its faces. Volume number of cubic units contained in a solid. .ight /rism is a prism whose lateral faces are rectangles. 0bli-ue prism is a prism whose lateral faces are parallelograms. 1ube is a prism where all sides are s-uares. 2riangular prism is a prism whose parallel faces 3the bases4 are congruent triangles. 1ylinder has two congruent circular bases in parallel planes. 1one has a *ertex and a circular base. 5ine of symmetry di*ides a figure into two congruent hal*es that reflect each other. /erimeter of a polygon is the distance around the polygon. rea of any surface is the number of s-uare units re-uired to co*er the surface. 6olume of a !-dimensional figure is the number of cubic units contained in the solid. 1ircumference the distance around a circle. 1onditional statement a statement that can be written in an if-then form. 7ypothesis in a conditional statement the statement that immediately follows the word if. 1onclusion in a conditional statement the statement that immediately follows the word then. 1on*erse the statement formed by exchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement. In*erse the statement formed by negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement. 1ontrapositi*e the statement formed by negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of the con*erse of a conditional statement. 8iconditional the con+unction of a conditional statement and its con*erse. 9educti*e reasoning a system of reasoning that uses facts, rules,definitions, or properties to reach logical conclusions. Inducti*e reasoning reasoning that uses a number of specific examples to arri*e at a plausible prediction. /roof a logical argument in which each statement you ma:e is supported by a statement that is accepted as true.

(2. /ostulate- a statement that describes a fundamental relationship between basic terms of geometry. /ostulates are accepted as true without proof. (!. 2heorems a statement or con+ecture that can be pro*en true by gi*en, definitions, postulates, or already pro*en theorems. (#. 2wo-column proof a formal proof that contains statements and reasons organized in two columns. ($. /aragraph proof an informal proof written in the form of a paragraph that explains why a con+ecture for a gi*en situation is true. (%. ;low proof a proof that organizes statements in logical order, starting with gi*en statements. ,ach statement is written in a box with the reason *erifying the statement written below the box. (&. 1on+ecture an educated guess based on :nown information. ('. <ine for an acute angle of a right triangle, the ratio of the measure of the leg opposite the acute angle to the measure of the hypotenuse. ((. 1osine for an acute angle of a right triangle, the ratio of the measure of the leg ad+acent to the acute angle to the measure of the hypotenuse. 1)). 2angent for an acute angle of a right triangle, the ratio of the measure of the leg opposite the acute angle to the measure of the leg ad+acent to the acute angle.