RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Our study regarding drug utilization in the eye care hospital provided following results. Table1 regarding patient wise distribution provides information that out patients (55%) are more than in patients (45%). Study conducted by Ashish gangwar et al also shows out patients (75%) were more than in patients (25%). Table2 regarding age wise distribution shows a >60 year patients (43%) are slightly more than 30 to 60 age group (39%) and <30 year subjects. Study conducted by Ashish gangwar et al explains >60 year patients (21%), 30-60 age group (52%) and <30 year patients to fill the rest. Table3 regarding sex wise distribution shows male subjects (57%) are more than female (43%).Study conducted by Ashish gangwar et al also shows male subjects (53%) are more than females (47%). Table4 regarding disease wise distribution shows cataract (41%) to be the major pathological condition comparing others (59%) like vitreal surgery, corneal defects, silicone oil removal surgery etc.. Study conducted by Ashish gangwar shows in the ophthalmology OPD were refractive errors (29.67%), cataract(21.17%), conjunctivitis/iridocyclitis (13.17%), corneal ulcer(10.08%), keratitis(9.08%), glaucoma (8.75%),dacryocystitis(2.08%), foreign body(1.08%), postherapetic neuralgia(1%), chalazion(0.92%) and others (3%) like diabetic retinopathy, external hordeolum, blepharitis, ptosis ,squint, entropion etc. while in IPD, patients were admitted for cataract (65.37%), glaucoma(15.37%), corneal ulcer (6.93%), severe iridocyclitis (4.11%),chronic dacryocystitis (3.68%), entropion (1.73%), ptosis (1.52%),and squint correction (1.29%). Table5 about comorbidity wise distribution shows hypertension (28%) to be the leading disease comparing diabetes mellitus (20%) and others (12%) like CHF, RA and CRF. We found most (60%) having some type of comorbidity.

Table6 regarding dosage form wise distribution shows eye drops (98%) to be the most useful comparing tablet (16%), ointment (10%), capsule (6%), and others (6%) like injections, lens etc.. Study conducted Ashish gangwar shows that the most common dosage form of drug prescribed in OPD was eye drops (81.92%)followed by ointment (17.63%) , capsules (3.00%), tablets(5.33%) and syrups (0.75%) while in IPD injections (90.47%) were the commonest dosage forms followed by eye drops (86.15%),tablets (46.96%), ointment (12.12%), syrups (5.19%) and capsules(2.16%). Study conducted by Meenakshi Nehru et al shows that the maximum number of drugs prescribed were in the form of eye drops (66.18%), followed by ointments (16%), capsules (9.5%), tablet (6.57%),syrup (0.73%), injection (0.73%) and lotion (0.24%). Study conducted by Yasmeen maniyar et al shows maximum number of drugs which were prescribed, were in the form of eye drops (65.81%), followed by ointments (17.63%), capsules(8.02%), tablets (6.59%), syrups (0.76%), injections (0.76%) and lotions (0.31%). Table7 regarding drug use wise distribution shows antibiotics (98%) are mainly used comparing corticosteroids (78%), local anesthetics (65%), anticholinergic (20%), NSAIDs (15%), antifungal (5%), antiglaucoma (2%) and others (15%) like lubricants, vitamins etc.. Study conducted by Meenakshi Nehru et al shows antibiotics 266 (32.26%), anti-inflammatory and antiallergic drugs was 92 (11.2%), mydriatics and cycloplegics 64(7.9%), miotics 20 (2.4%), multivitamins 58 (7.05%) and others used were lubricant and miscellaneous eye drops 322 (40%).Study conducted by Yasmeen maniyar et al shows antibiotics 399 (30.18%), anti inflammatory and anti allergic drugs were138 (10.43%), those with mydriatics and cycloplegics were 96(7.26%), those with miotics were 30 (2.26%) and those with multivitamins were 87 (6.58%). Table8 regarding utilization of antibiotics suggest fluoroquinolones (67%) are most useful comparing aminoglycosides (14%), beta lactam antibiotics (10%) and others (2%). Table9 regarding utilization of antibiotic shows F-cefazoline (80%) is most useful than amoxicillin.

Table10 regarding utilization of aminoglycoside shows tobramycin (85.7%) having most useful than neomycin. Table11 regarding utilization of fluoroquinolones shows ofloxacin (67.1%) having lion share comparing moxifloxacin (28.4%), ciprofloxacin (3%) and gatifloxacin (1.5%). Table12 regarding utilization of NSAIDs shows bromfenac (53.3%) to be most useful comparing indomethacin (33.3%) and others (13.4%). Table13 regarding number of drugs per prescription shows that three drugs (39%) are commonly prescribed comparing one (13%), two (23%), four (15%), five (7%) and six (3%). In a study conducted by Nihar R biswas et al shows three drugs are commonly prescribed comparing one (1.97%),two (27.43%), four (13.67%),five (11.31%), six (9.64%), seven (5.31%), eight (3.34%), nine (1.97%) and ten (0.98%).Another study conducted by Meenakshi Nehru et al shows one (48.18%) drug is commonly prescribed comparing two (30.9%),three (11.9%), four(5.45%), five (3.64%) and six (0.45%). Study conducted by Yasmeen maniyar et al shows one (48.48%) drug is mostly prescribed comparing two (27.27%), three (9.69%), four (6.81%), five (5.45%) and six (2.30%).