Electronics

Project Report

Group Members
Samraiz Hameed 2011-BE-ME-68 Umair Hassan 2011-BE-METayyab Aftab

2011-BE-ME-

Power Supply
1. Introduction:
A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy source. Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from:

2. Components:
For Constant Out Put:
Transformer 18V output Bridge Circuit (rectifier) Capacitor 1500uF, 0.33uF, 0.1uF Voltage regulator IC (LM7812) Resistor (1.5K) LED

For Variable Out Put:

Capacitor 2200uF, 1uF, 0.1uF Variable Voltage Regulator IC (LM317) Resistors (2.3 K,270) Potentiometer (5K) Switch LED Jumper Wires Varo board Fuse

3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Construction:
18 volts .8 amp transformer is connected to the main AC source. The output of the transformer is connected with Diodes (bridge circuit). The output of bridge circuit divides into two halves one for variable output and one for constant output 1. Constant Output: For constant output rectified output from diodes(bridge circuit) is given to 1500F capacitor which is further connected with voltage regulator IC (LM7812) via two capacitors (0.33 F and 0.1 F).At the output of 0.1 F capacitor a 1.5 k resistor is connected in parallel which is further connected with LED.

2. Variable Output: For variable output rectified voltage from diode bridge circuit is given to 2200 F capacitor which is connected with the variable voltage regulator IC (LM317) via two capacitors (0.1 F and 1 F).At the output a potentiometer is connected in series with a 270 resistor. Output is obtained on 1 F capacitor which is varied via potentiometer. A LED is connected at output.

5. Working:
The source voltage (220V) is step down by 18 volts output transformer (the output is usually 21 volts). This voltage is rectified by a bridge circuit ( in full bridge configuration) The output which is approximately 20-22 volts is given to capacitor (1500 F) in case of constant Output, and (2200 F) in case of variable Output. Capacitor filters the voltage ( from ripples to approximately straight line dc). The voltage is then given to voltage regulator IC. In case of constant output (LM7812) dissipates the energy and gives 12 volts output. In case of variable output (LM317) gives variable output which is varied through potentiometer. The output is obtained across the capacitor in case of variable output.