Problems from Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer 5th Edition Chapter 24: Fundamentals of Mass Transfer

CHE614M Advanced Mass Transfer

Submitted by: GILDO, Peniel Jean A. 11292555/MS ChE Student No. 3

Submitted to: Dr. Joseph Auresenia Chemical Engineering Department Date: January 30, 2013

24.3. Natural gas flowing in a pipeline at 263 K and 2.0 105 Pa has the following composition: methane (CH4), 93.5 mole %; ethane (C2H6), 4.6 mole %; propane (C3H8), 1.2 mole %; carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.7 mole %. Determine (a) the weight fraction of ethane; (b) the average molecular weight of the mixture, (c) the partial pressure of methane, and (d) the composition of CO2 in ppm by weight. Given: T 263K Required:
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P 2.0 10 Pa x CH 4 0.935 x C2 H 6 0.046 x C3 H 8 0.012 x CO2 0.007

Solution:

a.) C2 H 6 ? b.) M ave ? c.) PCH 4 ? d .) CO2 ____ ppm

a.) C2 H 6 ?

C H
2 6

xC 2 H 6 M C 2 H 6 xC2 H 6 M C2 H 6 xCH 4 M CH 4 xC3 H 8 M C3 H 8 xCO2 M CO2

C H
2 6

C H
2

(0.046)(30.08) (0.046)(30.08) (0.935)(16.05) (0.012)(44.11) (0.007)(44.01) 0.0803

b.) M ave ? M ave xC2 H 6 M C2 H 6 xCH 4 M CH 4 xC3H8 M C3H8 xCO2 M CO2 M ave (0.046)(30.08) (0.935)(16.05) (0.012)(44.11) (0.007)(44.01) M ave 17.2278
c.) PCH 4 ? PCH 4 xCH 4 PCH 4 M ave (0.935)(2.0 105 Pa) M ave 1.87 105 Pa

d .) CO2 ____ ppm

C H
2 6

xCO2 M CO2 xC2 H 6 M C2 H 6 xCH 4 M CH 4 xC3H 8 M C3 H 8 xCO2 M CO2 (0.007)(44.01) (0.046)(30.08) (0.935)(16.05) (0.012)(44.11) (0.007)(44.01)
kg kg

C H
2 6

C H
2

1106 mg 0.017882 17,882 mg kg 17,882 ppm 1kg

24.14. The contamination of process water with industrial solvents is an important environmental problem. Estimate the molecular diffusion coefficient of two sparingly soluble industrial solvents in water at 20C: (a) benzene in water; (b) trichloroethylene (TCE) in water. Given: T 293.15K Required:

(a) benzene (b) trichloroethylene (TCE )

Solution: Wilke-Chang Equation:

(a) D AB for benzene (b) D AB for trichloroethylene (TCE)

7.4 10 8 ( B M B ) 2 T D AB 0.6 BV A where: DAB = diffusivity of A through solvent B, in cm2/s B = association factor (2.26 for water as recommended by Reid, et al (1977)) MB = molecular mass of solvent T = absolute temperature, K B = viscosity of the solvent in cP, at temperature, T (Appendix I) VA = molar volume of the solute at normal boiling point, cm3/g-mol (from Table 24.4)
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for Benzene: VA = (14.8)(6) + (3.7)(6) 15 = 96 cm3/g-mol for TCE C2HCl3: VA = (14.8)(2) + 3.7 + (3)(21.6) = 98.1 cm3/g-mol structure:

MB = 18.02 T = 293.15 K B = 0.993 cP

a. benzene D AB b. TCE D AB

2 7.4 10 8 (2.26 18.02) 2 (293.15) 9.0145 10 6 cm 0.6 s (0.993)(96)

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2 7.4 10 8 (2.26 18.02) 2 (293.15) 8.8982 10 6 cm 0.6 s (0.993)(98.1)

24.25. Consider part (a) of problem 24.24. That is, Determine the effective diffusion coefficient for Hydrogen gas (H2, species A) diffusing into nitrogen gas (N2, species B) within the following materials: (a) Straight 100 pores in parallel array. Calculate the effect of total pressure (P) on the effective diffusion coefficient from 0.1 atm to 200 atm. Also, calculate the following as a function of total system pressure: path length , Knudsen number Kn, molecular diffusion coefficient DAB. Identify the regime where the diffusion process in Knudsen controlling vs. molecular diffusion controlling. Present your results on a log-log plot. Do not plot out ln DAe vs ln P on a linear scale; plot out DAe vs. P values on a true log-log plot. Perform the calculations on a computer spreadsheet program.