PICkit2 User Guide 51553C

PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer USERS GUIDE
2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51553C
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchips Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable.
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchips code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyers risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights.
Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC and SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. AmpLab, FilterLab, Migratable Memory, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Linear Active Thermistor, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel, Total Endurance, UNI/O, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. 2007, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona, Gresham, Oregon and Mountain View, California. The Companys quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs, KEELOQ code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchips quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
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PICkitTM 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. PICkit 2 Programmer Overview
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Highlights ........................................................................................................ 7 1.3 PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Contents .......................................... 7 1.4 Introducing the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer ................................. 7 1.5 PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Overview .......................................... 8
1.5.1 USB Port Connection .................................................................................. 8 1.5.2 Status LEDs ................................................................................................ 8 1.5.3 Push Button ................................................................................................. 8 1.5.4 Programming Connector ............................................................................. 9 1.5.5 Lanyard Connection .................................................................................... 9
1.6 Programming Software ................................................................................. 10

1.6.1 Menu Bar ................................................................................................... 11 1.6.2 Device Configuration ................................................................................. 12 1.6.3 Status Window Bar .................................................................................... 12 1.6.4 Progress Bar ............................................................................................. 12 1.6.5 Device VDD ................................................................................................ 12 1.6.6 Memory Source ......................................................................................... 13 1.6.7 Program Memory ....................................................................................... 13 1.6.8 Data EEPROM Memory ............................................................................ 13
Chapter 2. Getting Started

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Installing the PICkit 2 Programming Software .......................................... 15 2.3 Using the PICkit 2 Programming Software ............................................... 15
2.3.1 Connecting to the Device .......................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Device Identification .................................................................................. 16 2.3.3 Target Power ............................................................................................. 17 2.3.4 Import HEX File ......................................................................................... 18 2.3.5 Write .......................................................................................................... 19 2.3.6 Automatic File Reload ............................................................................... 20 2.3.7 Verify ......................................................................................................... 20 2.3.8 Read .......................................................................................................... 21 2.3.9 Code-Protect Device ................................................................................. 21 2.3.10 Erase ....................................................................................................... 21 2.3.11 Blank Check ............................................................................................ 22 2.3.12 Auto Import Hex + Write Device Button.................................................... 22 2.3.13 Read Device + Export Hex File Button..................................................... 23
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PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Isolate VPP/MCLR/Port Pin .......................................................................... 26
3.2.1 If the VPP pin is used as a MCLR pin..........................................................26 3.2.2 If the VPP pin is used as an I/O port pin .....................................................26
3.3 Isolate ICSPCLK or PGC and ICSPDAT or PGD pins ................................. 26 3.4 VDD ............................................................................................................... 27
3.4.1 The application circuit is powered by the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer ...........................................................................................27 3.4.2 The application circuit is powered externally ..............................................27 3.4.3 Bulk Erase is used ......................................................................................27
3.5 VSS ............................................................................................................... 28 3.6 Other Considerations ................................................................................... 28
Chapter 4. PICkit 2 Debug Express

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 29 4.1.1 Supported Devices ......................................................................... 29 4.1.2 Resources Used by PICkit 2 Debug Express ............................. 29 4.2 PICkit 2 Debug Express ............................................................................ 30
4.2.1 Selecting the Device and Development Mode ...........................................30 4.2.2 PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Debug Tool ..................................31 4.2.3 Updating PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System .................................33 4.2.4 Running the Project Wizard .......................................................................33 4.2.5 PIC16887 Debug Demo Project .................................................................36 4.2.6 Creating a Hex File ....................................................................................37 4.2.7 Setting Debug Options ...............................................................................38 4.2.8 Loading Program Code for Debugging ......................................................39 4.2.9 PIC16F887 Debug Demo ...........................................................................40 4.2.10 Debugging the PIC16F887 Debug Demo Code .......................................41 4.2.11 Programming the Application ...................................................................44
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 47 5.2 Frequently Asked Questions ........................................................................ 47
Chapter 6. Updating the PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System

6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 49 6.2 Updating the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer .................................. 49
Appendix A. Hardware Schematics

A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 51
Worldwide Sales and Service .....................................................................................54
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PICkit 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE
Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available. Documents are identified with a DS number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is DSXXXXXA, where XXXXX is the document number and A is the revision level of the document. For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB IDE on-line help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer. Items discussed in this chapter include: Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide Warranty Registration Recommended Reading The Microchip Web Site Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service Customer Support Document Revision History
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PICkit 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer as a development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board. The manual layout is as follows: Chapter 1. PICkit 2 Programmer Overview Provides an overview of the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer. Chapter 2. Getting Started Provides Instructions on how to get started using the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer to program Flash-based PIC Microcontroller Units (MCUs). Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP Describes programming with the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP). Chapter 4. PICkit 2 Debug Express Provides a tutorial on using the PICkit 2 Debug Express debugger program. Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Provides information on solving common problems. Chapter 6. Updating the PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System Provides instruction on how to update your PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmers Operating System. Appendix A. Hardware Schematics Illustrates the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer hardware schematic diagrams.
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Preface
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
This manual uses the following documentation conventions: DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description Arial font: Italic characters Initial caps Represents Referenced books Emphasized text A window A dialog A menu selection A field name in a window or dialog A menu path A dialog button A tab A number in verilog format, where N is the total number of digits, R is the radix and n is a digit. A key on the keyboard Sample source code Filenames File paths Keywords Command-line options Bit values Constants A variable argument Optional arguments Choice of mutually exclusive arguments; an OR selection Replaces repeated text Represents code supplied by user Examples MPLAB IDE Users Guide ...is the only compiler... the Output window the Settings dialog select Enable Programmer Save project before build File>Save Click OK Click the Power tab 4b0010, 2hF1
Quotes Underlined, italic text with right angle bracket Bold characters NRnnnn
Text in angle brackets < > Courier New font: Plain Courier New
Press <Enter>, <F1> #define START autoexec.bat c:\mcc18\h _asm, _endasm, static -Opa+, -Opa0, 1 0xFF, A file.o, where file can be any valid filename mcc18 [options] file [options] errorlevel {0|1} var_name [, var_name...] void main (void) { ... }
Italic Courier New Square brackets [ ] Curly brackets and pipe character: { | } Ellipses...
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WARRANTY REGISTRATION
Please complete the enclosed Warranty Registration Card and mail it promptly. Sending in the Warranty Registration Card entitles users to receive new product updates. Interim software releases are available at the Microchip web site.
RECOMMENDED READING
This user's guide describes how to use PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer. Other useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources. 44-Pin Demo Board Users Guide (DS41296) Consult this document for instructions on how to use the 44-Pin Demo Board as a development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board. PICkit 2 Low Pin Count Demo Board Users Guide (DS51556) Consult this document for instructions on how to use Microchip Technologys Low Pin Count device (8-pin, 14-pin and 20-pin). This document includes a series of tutorials. MPLAB IDE Users Guide (DS51519) Consult this document for more information pertaining to the installation and features of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software. MPLAB IDE Quick Start Guide (DS51281) Describes how to set up the MPLAB IDE software and use it to create projects and program devices. MPLAB IDE On-line Help In-Circuit Serial Programmer(ICSP) Guide (DS30277) This document contains helpful design guidelines for successful ICSP programming. It includes application notes on hardware designs and the ICSP programming specifications. MPASM Assembler, MPLINK Object Linker, MPLIB Object Librarian Users Guide (DS33014) Describes how to use the Microchip PIC MCU assembler (MPASM assembler), linker (MPLINK linker), and librarian (MPLIB librarian). README for PICkit 2 Debug Express For the latest information on using the PICkit 2 Debug Express, read the Readme for PICkit 2.htm file (an ASCII text file) in the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory. The Readme file contains updated information and known issues that may not be included in this users guide. Readme Files For the latest information on using other tools, read the tool-specific Readme files in the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory. The Readme files contain update information and known issues that may not be included in this users guide.
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Preface
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: Product Support Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, users guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software General Technical Support Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing Business of Microchip Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives
DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE

Microchips customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions. The Development Systems product group categories are: Compilers The latest information on Microchip C compilers and other language tools. These include the MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C compilers; MPASM and MPLAB ASM30 assemblers; MPLINK and MPLAB LINK30 object linkers; and MPLIB and MPLAB LIB30 object librarians. Emulators The latest information on Microchip in-circuit emulators.This includes the MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000. In-Circuit Debuggers The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit debugger, MPLAB ICD 2. MPLAB IDE The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools. This list is focused on the MPLAB IDE, MPLAB SIM simulator, MPLAB IDE Project Manager and general editing and debugging features. Programmers The latest information on Microchip programmers. These include the MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE II device programmers and the PICSTART Plus and PICkit development programmers.
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CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (July 2005)
Initial release of this document.
Revision B (August 2006)

Updated Preface, added Chapter 4. PICkit 2 Debug Express tutorial.
Revision C (January 2007)

Updated Chapters 1-6. Updated Preface by removing Development Systems Information Line from Customer Support bulleted list.
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Chapter 1. PICkit 2 Programmer Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer and describes the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer features and menu functions.
1.2
HIGHLIGHTS
This chapter discusses: The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Contents The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Overview PICkit 2 Programming Software
1.3
PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER CONTENTS

The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Kit contains the following items: 1. The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer 2. USB cable 3. PICkit Starter Kit CD-ROM
1.4
INTRODUCING THE PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER

The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer is a low-cost development programmer. It is capable of programming most of Microchips Flash microcontrollers. For specific products supported, see the README file included on the PICkit Starter Kit CD-ROM. The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Operating System (firmware) can be easily upgraded from the programming software. New device support can be added by updating the operating system. The latest firmware is available on Microchips web site, www.microchip.com. Note: The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer is intended for development programming. For production programming, please consider the MPLAB PM3 Programmer or other third party programmers designed for the production environment.
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1.5 PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER OVERVIEW
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer overview is shown in Figure 1-1. FIGURE 1-1: PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER 3 2 1
6
Legend:
1 Status LEDs 2 Push Button
3 Lanyard Connection 4 USB Port Connection
5 Pin 1 Marker 6 Programming Connector
1.5.1
USB Port Connection
The USB Port Connection is a USB mini-B connector. Connect the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer to the PC using the supplied USB cable.
1.5.2
Status LEDs
The Status LEDs indicate the status of the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer. 1. Power (green) Power is applied to the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer via the USB port. 2. Target (yellow) The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer is powering the target device. 3. Busy (red) The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer is busy with a function such as Program mode or is alerting that a function is in progress.
1.5.3
Push Button
The push button may be used to initiate the Write Device programming function when Programmer > Write on PICkit Button is checked.
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PICkit 2 Programmer Overview

1.5.4 Programming Connector
The programming connector is a 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) that connects to the target device. See the pinout specification in Figure 1-2. For more information on how to use the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer with In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP), refer to Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP. FIGURE 1-2: PICkit 2 PROGRAMMER CONNECTOR PINOUT Pin 1 Indicator Pin Description
1 2 3 4 5 6
1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 6=
VPP/MCLR VDD Target VSS (ground) ICSPDAT/PGD ICSPCLK/PGC Auxiliary
Note:
The 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) accepts 0.025" square pins.
1.5.5
Lanyard Connection
To help prevent possible loss of the The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer, a convenient lanyard connection is available on the programmer.
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1.6 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
Start the PICkit 2 Programming Software by selecting Start > Programs > Microchip> PICkit 2. The programming interface appears as shown in Figure 1-3. For more information on how to us the PICkit 2 Programming Software, see Chapter 2. Getting Started. Figure 1-3: PICkit 2 Programming Software
Menu Bar Device Configuration
Status Window Progress Bar Device VDD Memory Source
Program Memory
EEPROM Data Memory
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1.6.1 Menu Bar
The menu bar selects various functions of the PICkit 2 Programming Software. A summary of the functions are: FILE Import Hex Import a hex file for programming. The hex file format INHX32 is supported. Export Hex Export a hex file read from a device.The hex file is created in the INHX32 format. Exit Exit the program. DEVICE FAMILY Select a device family to search for a connected device in that family. Selecting the device family of the current part will clear all device data. Some families which cannot be auto-detected (such as Baseline) will bring up a drop down box from which supported devices may be selected. PROGRAMMER Read Device Reads program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations, and Configuration bits. Write Device Writes program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations, and Configuration bits. Verify Verifies program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations and Configuration bits read from the target MCU against the code stored in the programming software. Erase Performs a bulk erase of the target MCU. OSCCAL and band gap values are preserved on parts with these features. Blank Check Performs a blank check of program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations and Configuration bits. Verify on Write When checked, the device will be immediately verified after programming on a Write (recommended). When unchecked, the device will be programmed but not verified on a Write. Hold Device in Reset When checked, the MCLR (VPP) pin is held low (asserted). When unchecked, the pin is released (tri-stated), allowing an external pull-up to bring the device out of Reset. Write on PICkit Button When checked, a Write operation will be initiated by pressing the PICkit 2 button. TOOLS Enable Code Protect Enables code protection features of the microcontroller on future Write operations. Enable Data Protect Enables data protection feature of microcontrollers with data EEPROM memory on future Write operations. Set OSCCAL Allows the OSCCAL value to be changed for devices where it is stored in the last location of Program Memory. Target VDD Source > - Auto-Detect PICkit 2 Programmer will automatically detect whether the target device has its own power supply or needs to be powered from by the PICkit 2 Programmer on each operation. - Force PICkit 2 PICkit 2 Programmer will always attempt to supply VDD to the target device.
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- Force Target PICkit 2 Programmer will always assume the target has its own power supply. Fast Programming When checked, PICkit 2 Programmer will attempt to program the device as fast as possible. When unchecked, PICkit 2 Programmer will slow down ICSP communication. This may be helpful for targets with loaded ICSP lines. Check Communication Verifies USB communication with the PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP communication with a target device by attempting to identify the connected device by its device ID. Troubleshooting Opens a wizard to help with troubleshooting connectivity from PICkit 2 Programmer to the target device. This is most useful where the PICkit 2 Programmer is unable to detect the target device at all. Download PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System Performs a download of the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer operating system.
HELP PICkit 2 Users Guide Attempts to launch the PICkit 2 Users Guide PDF (Adobe Reader must be installed) 44-Pin Demo Board Guide Attempts to launch the 44-Pin Demo Board Users Guide PDF (Adobe Reader must be installed) LPC Demo Board Guide Attempts to launch the Low Pin Count Demo Board Users Guide PDF (Adobe Reader must be installed) PICkit 2 Programmer on the web Opens www.microchip.com/pickit2 in the default web browser. Readme Opens the PICkit 2 Readme.txt file. About Opens a dialog with the PICkit 2 Programming Software version, the Device File version, and the PICkit 2 Programmer firmware version.
1.6.2
Device Configuration
The Device Configuration window displays the PIC MCU device, User ID, Configuration Word and Checksum. It also displays OSCCAL and Band Gap for parts with those features. For baseline (12-bit core) devices, the user must select the device from the Device drop-down menu. All other part family devices will be detected by their device ID and the part name will be displayed on the Device line.
1.6.3
Status Window
The status window displays text status of the operations in progress. If an operation is successful, the status window will display green background. If an operation fails, the status window will display red. If an operation alerts a caution, the status window will display yellow.
1.6.4
Progress Bar
The progress bar displays the progress of an operation.
1.6.5
Device VDD
The PICkit 2 Programmer VDD may be turned on and off by clicking the checkbox On. The voltage may be set in the box on the right either by typing it directly or using the up/down arrows to adjust it a tenth of a volt at a time. The maximum and minimum allowed voltages will vary depending on the target device.
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If the On checkbox is clear, PICkit 2 Programmer will automatically turn on the VDD at the set voltage during any requested programming operation. FIGURE 1-4: PICKIT 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER SUPPLIED VDD
If the target device has its own power supply, then PICkit 2 Programmer will display the detected VDD voltage in the box on the right, which will be grayed out to prevent being changed. The checkbox text changes to check, and clicking on the checkbox will update the detected VDD voltage value. If Target VDD > Auto-Detect is selected, clicking on the checkbox will revert the VDD mode back to PICkit 2 Programmer supplied VDD if a target power supply is no longer detected. FIGURE 1-5: TARGET SUPPLIED VDD
1.6.6
Memory Source
The Source bar displays the source of the currently loaded device data. If read from a hex file it will display the hex file name. If read from a device, it will display the part name. None (Empty/Erased) indicates the buffers are empty, and it will display Edited. once Program Memory or Data EEPROM Memory has been edited in the window.
1.6.7
Program Memory
Program code can be loaded into the PICkit 2 Programming Software from File > Import HEX or it can be read from the device by clicking on the Read button. The origin of the code is displayed in the Source block. The Program Memory window displays the program code in hexadecimal. The code may be edited in the window. The check box next to the Program Memory window is only available on devices with EEPROM data memory. If the box is checked, then Program Memory, User IDs, and Configuration Words are written to, read from, and verified on the device. If the box is unchecked, then Program Memory, User IDs, and Configuration Words will not be erased or altered during a Write Device Operation, and will not be read or verified. The checkbox does not affect Erase Device or Blank Check operations. Both memory window checkboxes may not be cleared at the same time.
1.6.8
Data EEPROM Memory
Similar to Program Memory above, program code can be loaded into the PICkit 2 Programming Software from File > Import HEX or it can be read from the device by clicking on the Read button. The origin of the code is displayed in the Source block. The Data EEPROM Memory window displays the program code in hexadecimal. The code may be edited in the window. The check box next to the EEPROM Data window controls whether the EEPROM Data memory is written, read, and verified. If the box is checked, then the device EEPROM will be overwritten with the window data. If the box is not checked, then the device EEPROM will not be erased or altered during a Write Device operation. The checkbox does not affect Erase Device or Blank Check operations. Both memory window checkboxes may not be cleared at the same time.
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NOTES:
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Chapter 2. Getting Started

2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives instruction on how to get started using the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer to program Flash-based PIC microcontroller units (MCU). For information on how to use the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer with In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP), refer to Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP. For information on how to update the PICkit 2 Programmer operating system, refer to Chapter 6. Updating the PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System.
2.2
INSTALLING THE PICkit 2 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

Insert the PICkit Starter Kit CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive. In a few moments, the introductory screen should be displayed. Follow the directions on the screen for installing the PICkit 2 Programming Software. If the introductory screen does not appear, browse to the CD-ROM directory and select the AutorunPro.exe program.
2.3
USING THE PICkit 2 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

Start the PICkit 2 Programming Software by selecting Start > Programs >Microchip> PICkit 2. The programming interface appears as shown in Figure 2-1.
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FIGURE 2-1: PICkit 2 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
2.3.1
Connecting to the Device
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer is capable of programming a variety of Flash-based Microchip PIC microcontrollers. When the PICkit 2 Programmer software application is first opened, it will attempt to identify a connected device by the device ID. To connect to a device once the application is already running, select the device family by clicking on the Device Family menu as shown in Figure 2-2. FIGURE 2-2: SELECT DEVICE FAMILY
2.3.2
Device Identification
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will automatically read the device ID word from the connected PIC MCU and display it in the Configuration window as shown in Figure 2-3. At any time, the device family may be selected to search for connectivity to a device in that family.
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Getting Started
FIGURE 2-3: IDENTIFY DEVICE
If the Baseline (12-bit core) Flash device family is selected, the user must select the specific device from the device drop down box as shown in Figure 2-4.
CAUTION
Ensure that the correct Baseline Flash device has been selected. These devices do not contain a device ID to confirm device selection. Choosing the wrong Baseline Flash device may cause an erasing of the OSCCAL value stored in the last memory location.
FIGURE 2-4:
SELECT BASELINE FLASH DEVICE
2.3.3
Target Power
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer can supply power to the target. To enable power to the target device, check the VDD PICkit 2 On check box as shown in Figure 2-5. The voltage supplied to the target may be adjusted before or after enabling power by adjusting the voltage box. Note: When starting the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Program, target power defaults to off.
Note:
If a target power supply is not detected, the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will always supply power to the target during programming, regardless of the VDD PICkit 2 On check box state.
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CAUTION
The USB port current limit is set to 100 mA. If the target plus PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer exceed this current limit, the USB port will turn off. The target may be powered externally if more power is required. FIGURE 2-5: ENABLE TARGET POWER
If a short or heavy current load is detected on the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer supplied VDD, then the user will receive an error as in Figure 2-6 and VDD will be automatically disabled. To avoid heavy current load errors, it is recommended to keep the target current consumption below 25 mA. Large VDD capacitances should also be avoided as they slow down the VDD risetime. The allowed VDD rise time is 500 s or less. FIGURE 2-6: VDD ERROR
The target device may also be powered externally. By default, the PICkit 2 Programmer will automatically detect an externally powered board. The Device VDD will be updated to VDD Target, the check box text will change to Check, and the detected VDD voltage is displayed in the grayed out voltage box as in Figure 2-7. Clicking the check box will update the detected VDD voltage displayed in the voltage box. If no VDD voltage is detected when the check box is clicked, then PICkit 2 Programmer will return to supplying VDD power to the target device. Note: The maximum external VDD that may be used with the PICkit 2 Programmer is 5.0 Volts. The minimum external VDD that may be used with the PICkit 2 Programmer is 2.5 Volts. EXTERNALLY POWERED TARGET
FIGURE 2-7:
DS51553C-page 18
Getting Started
2.3.4 Import HEX File
To import a compiled program (hex file), select File > Import HEX as shown in Figure 2-8. Browse for the hex file and click Open. The code is displayed in the Program Memory and EE Data Memory windows. The name of the hex file is displayed in the Source block. The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will warn the user if the hex file does not contain any Configuration Words. The user can be sure these are included in the hex file by selecting File > Export and saving the hex file in MPLAB IDE. The user will also be warned that the hex file is larger than the selected device if the hex file contains memory locations that do not exist in the current device. Any data for non-existent locations will not be imported. FIGURE 2-8: IMPORT HEX FILE
2.3.5
Write
After a device family has been selected and a hex file has been imported, the target PIC MCU can be programmed by clicking on the Write button. The PIC MCU will be erased and programmed with the hex code previously imported. The status of the Write operation is displayed in the status bar located under the Device Configuration window. Note: The device will be erased prior to programming. The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer uses the bulk erase method that requires a minimum VDD. The user will be warned if VDD is below the minimum for the connected device.
If the write is successful, the status bar turns green and displays Programming Successful, as shown in Figure 2-9.
DS51553C-page 19

FIGURE 2-9: WRITE SUCCESSFUL STATUS
If the write fails, the status bar turns red and displays Programming Failed, as shown in Figure 2-10. This error indicates that the data was corrupted during the programming sequence. If this error is displayed, try writing the program to the device again. If the error continues, see Chapter 5. Troubleshooting for assistance. FIGURE 2-10: WRITE ERROR STATUS
If a device has EEPROM data memory, the Enabled checkbox next to Program Memory and EEPROM Data memory will become available. The checkboxes may be used to select which memory regions programming operations will affect. Refer to Table 2-1 for a description of how programming operations are affected by the checkboxes. Erase and Blank Check always operate on all memory regions. During a Write, regions that are unaffected will remain unchanged in the device. For example, if Program Memory is unchecked, while EEPROM Data is checked then a Write operation will only write EEPROM Data, while Program Memory, User IDs, and Configuration Words in the device will remain unchanged. Erase and Blank Check will still operate on all memory regions. If Program Memory is checked, while EEPROM Data is unchecked then a Write operation will program Program Memory, User IDs, and Configuration Words, while EEPROM Data in the device will remain unchanged. Note that due to programming constraints in some devices the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Application will read and re-write EEPROM data memory during a write to preserve it. Erase and Blank Check will still operate on all memory regions.
DS51553C-page 20
Getting Started
It is not allowed to have both memory regions unchecked. TABLE 2-1: MEMORY REGION SELECTION
EEPROM Data Enabled Checked Write/Read/Verify All Memory Regions Program Memory User IDS Configuration EEPROM only Erase/Blank Check All Memory Regions All Memory Regions
Program Memory Enabled Checked Checked
Checked
All Memory Regions Not Allowed
2.3.6
Automatic File Reload
Prior to each write, the imported hex file time stamp is compared to the version on the disk. If the version on the disk is newer, it is reloaded. This occurs only when a hex file has been read from the disk. This feature ensures that the latest version built by MPLAB IDE will be written to the device.
2.3.7
Verify
The Verify function verifies the device program to the imported hex file. It compares all areas of memory including program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID and Configuration bits. To verify the code, import the hex file and click the Verify button. If the code is the same, the status bar turns green and displays Device Verified. If a discrepancy is found, the status bar turns red and displays where the error is located: Error in Program Memory, Data EEPROM Memory, or Configuration Bits. Table 2-1 illustrates how Verify is affected by the memory region checkboxes.
2.3.8
Read
To view the code written to the PIC MCU, click the Read button. The code is displayed in the Program and Data EEPROM Memory windows for your review. If all zeros are displayed, it is possible that the device is code-protected. Table 2-1 illustrates how Read is affected by the memory region checkboxes.
2.3.9
Code-Protect Device
The Code and Data Protect functions enable the read protection features of the PIC MCU. To protect the program memory code, complete the following steps: 1. Import hex file. 2. Select Tools > Enable Code Protect as shown in Figure 2-11. 3. Click Write. Devices that have EEPROM Data Memory may protect it by selecting Tools > Enable Data Protect.
DS51553C-page 21

FIGURE 2-11: ENABLE CODE-PROTECT
Note:
If the device is read after it has been protected, the protected memory regions will display all zeros.
2.3.10
Erase
The Erase function erases the program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID and Configuration bits, regardless of the state of the Program Memory and EEPROM Data Enabled checkboxes. However, this function is not normally needed since the Write function performs an erase operation prior to programming the PIC MCU. To erase the device, click the Erase button. Note: The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer uses the bulk erase method that requires a minimum VDD. The user will be warned if VDD is below the minimum for the connected device.
2.3.11
Blank Check
The Blank Check function will read the entire device to determine if Program Memory, EEPROM Data memory, User IDs, and Configuration bits are erased. All memory regions will be examined, regardless of the state of the Program Memory and EEPROM Data Enabled checkboxes.
2.3.12
Auto Import Hex + Write Device Button
This features allows PICkit 2 Programmer to automatically import a hex file and write it to a connected device when the hex file is updated, for example on a new firmware build. To use this feature, click on the Auto Import Hex + Write Device button shown in Figure 2-12. This will bring up an Import Hex file dialog defaulting to the first hex file in the file history under the File menu. After selecting a file, it will be written to the device. The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will now monitor the selected hex file for updates. When the file has been updated (has a newer time stamp), the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will automatically re-import the hex file and write to the target device. While this feature is enabled, other programming operations are disabled. The Auto Import Hex + Write Device button will remain depressed while this feature is active as shown in Figure 2-13. To stop using this feature, click the Auto Import Hex + Write Device button again. If an error is encountered during hex file importing or device programming, the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will automatically exit this feature mode.
DS51553C-page 22
Getting Started
FIGURE 2-12: AUTO IMPORT HEX + WRITE DEVICE BUTTON
FIGURE 2-13:
AUTO IMPORT + WRITE FEATURE ACTIVE
2.3.13
Read Device + Export Hex File Button
When clicked, this button will read the target device and open an Export Hex File dialog.
DS51553C-page 23

NOTES:
DS51553C-page 24
Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP

3.1 INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer can program PIC microcontrollers that are installed in an application circuit using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP). In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) requires five signals: VPP Programming Voltage; when applied, the device goes into Programming mode. ICSPCLK or PGC Programming Clock; a unidirectional synchronous serial clock line from the programmer to the target. ICSPDAT or PGD Programming Data; a bidirectional synchronous serial data line. VDD Power Supply positive voltage. VSS Power Supply ground reference. However, the application circuit must be designed to allow all the programming signals to be connected to the PIC microcontroller device without distorting the programming signals. Figure 3-1 shows a typical circuit as a starting point when designing an application circuit for ICSP. For successful ICSP programming, the precautions in the following sections need to be followed. Note: For details on how a specific device is programmed, refer to the device programming specification available from the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com. TYPICAL ICSP APPLICATION CIRCUIT
FIGURE 3-1:
Isolation Circuitry: Resistor or Schottky-type diode +5V
PICkit 2 Programming Header 1 2 3 4 5 6 VPP/MCLR VDD VSS ICSPDAT/PGD ICSPCLK/PGC AUX
+5V 470 Ohm* OR
10k*
1 2 3 4
VSS 8 VDD RA0/ICSPDAT 7 RA5 RA1/ICSPCLK 6 RA4 RA2 5 RA3/MCLR/VPP Target Microcontroller Device
To Application Circuit
0.1 F*
* Typical Values
DS51553C-page 25

3.2 ISOLATE VPP/MCLR/PORT PIN
When VPP voltage is applied, the application circuit needs to take into consideration that the typical VPP voltage is +12V. This may be an issue in the following situations:
3.2.1
If the VPP pin is used as a MCLR pin.
The application circuit typically is connected to a pull up resistor/capacitor circuit, as recommended in the device data sheet. Care must be taken so that the VPP voltage slew rate is not slowed down and exceeds the rise time in the programming specification (typically 1 s). If a supervisory circuit or a push button is interfaced to the MCLR pin, it is recommended that they be isolated from the VPP voltage by using a Schottky-type diode or limiting resistor as shown in Figure 3-1. For more information about using supervisory circuits with ICSP, see Application Note AN820 System Supervisors in ICSP Architectures (DS00820).
3.2.2
If the VPP pin is used as an I/O port pin.
The application circuit that connects to the I/O pin may not be able to handle the +12V voltage. It is recommended to use a Schottky-type diode or limiting resistor as shown in Figure 3-1 to isolate the circuitry.
3.3
ISOLATE ICSPCLK OR PGC AND ICSPDAT OR PGD PINS

The ICSPCLK or PGC and ICSPDAT or PGD pins need to be isolated from the application circuit to prevent the programming signals from being affected by the application circuitry. ICSPCLK or PGC is a unidirection synchronous serial programming clock line from the programmer to the target. ICSPDAT or PGD is a bidirectional synchronous serial programming data line. If the design permits, dedicate these pins for ICSP. However, if the application circuit requires that these pins be used in the application circuit, design the circuitry in a manner that does not alter the signal level and slew rates. Isolation circuitry will vary according to the application. Figure 3-1 shows one possibility by using series resistors to isolate the ICSP signals from the application circuit.
DS51553C-page 26
PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP

3.4 VDD
During ICSP programming, the PIC MCU needs to be powered in accordance with the device specification. Typically, the PIC MCU supply voltage is connected to the application circuit supply voltage. The application circuit can be powered by the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer or externally. There are a few precautions that need to be observed.
3.4.1
The application circuit is powered by the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer.
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer supply voltage may set between the maximum and minimum voltages allowed by the device programming specification, unless the minimum is below +2.5V. Be sure to set the voltage box to the appropriate voltage before programming the device or turning on VDD.
CAUTION
The USB port current limit is set to 100 mA. If the target plus PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer exceeds this current limit, the USB port will turn off. The target may be powered externally if more power is required. Note: Current draw should be limited to 25 mA when using PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer to power the application circuit. Ensure that the application circuit does not slow the VDD rise time to longer than 500 s.
3.4.2
The application circuit is powered externally.
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer may be used with application circuits powered externally between +5.0V and +2.5V.
3.4.3
Bulk Erase is used.
Some PIC MCU devices use a bulk erase function to erase program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations, and Configuration bits. Typically, the bulk erase function requires a supply voltage (VDD) of 4.5 to 5.5 Volts (refer to the device programming specification for device specific requirements). This voltage range can be a problem if the application circuit is designed to operate at a different supply voltage range. In order to bulk erase the PIC MCU, the application circuit needs to take into consideration the bulk erase voltage requirement while protecting any voltage sensitive circuitry.
DS51553C-page 27

3.5 VSS
The power supply ground reference, VSS, must be at the same potential as the application circuit.
3.6
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Minimize the distance the ICSP signals must travel by placing the ICSP connector as close to the application circuit PIC MCU as possible. Minimize any cable length between the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer and application circuit PIC MCU. The goal is to keep the ICSP signals within the level and slew rate specifications for successful programming.
DS51553C-page 28
PICkit 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE
Chapter 4. PICkit 2 Debug Express

4.1 INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer allows in-circuit debugging on selected PIC Microcontroller Units (MCUs). In-circuit debugging allows the designer to run, examine and modify the program while the PIC MCU is embedded in the hardware. This greatly assists the designer in debugging the firmware and hardware together. The Debug Express software interacts with the MPLAB IDE software to run, stop and single-step through programs. One breakpoint can be set and the processor can be reset. Once the processor is stopped, the registers contents can be examined and modified. Note: Debug Express requires MPLAB IDE 7.50 version, or later.
Note:
Debug Express requires 4.7k Ohm pull down resistors on ICSPCLK and ICSPDAT. Newer PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmers that have a Red button have the pull downs internally. Older PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmers that have a Black button require that the pull downs be added on the target board.
4.1.1
Supported Devices
For a list of current devices supported by PICkit 2 Debug Express, see the Readme for PICkit 2.htm file in the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory.
4.1.2
Resources Used by PICkit 2 Debug Express
Due to the built-in in-circuit debugging capability of ICD devices and the ICSP function offered by the debugger, the PICkit 2 Debug Express uses some on-chip resources when debugging. General Resources for Mid-Range Devices MCLR pin reserved for debugging; this pin cannot be used as digital I/O while debugging. MCLR/VPP shared for programming. The ICSPDAT and ICSPCLK port pins are reserved for programming and in-circuit debugging. Therefore, other functions multiplexed on these pins will not be available during debug. One stack level not available. Program and Data Memory Resources The PICkit 2 Debug Express uses program memory and file register locations in the target device during debugging. These locations are not available for use by user code. In the MPLAB IDE, registers marked with an R in register displays represent reserved registers.
DS51553C-page 29

For device specific reserved locations, see MPLAB IDE help for the MPLAB ICD 2. In the MPLAB IDE, select menu Help > Topics . In the Help Topics dialog under Debuggers, select MPLAB ICD 2 and click OK. In the MPLAB ICD 2 Help dialog, select Operation under the Contents tab. Select MPLAB ICD 2 Overview then Resources Used By MPLAB ICD 2. A list of device families will be presented. Select the device family of interest for more information on reserved device resources. The following documentation may also be referenced: MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger Users Guide (DS51331)
4.2
PICkit 2 DEBUG EXPRESS

This section explains how to debug programs using the PICkit 2 Debug Express. It is intended for those new to debugging programs, but familiar with the MPLAB IDE software. For more information on how to use the MPLAB IDE software, reference the following documentation: MPLAB IDE Users Guide (DS51519) MPLAB IDE Quick Start Guide (DS51281) MPLAB IDE On-line Help
4.2.1
Selecting the Device and Development Mode
From the MPLAB IDE menu bar, select the PIC MCU device for this tutorial: 1. Select Configure > Select Device. FIGURE 4-1: MPLAB IDE MENU BAR
2. Click on the Device drop-down list and select the PIC16F887 device. No other changes need to be made in this dialog box. 3. Click OK.
DS51553C-page 30
PICkit 2 Debug Express

FIGURE 4-2: SELECT DEVICE
4.2.2
PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Debug Tool
Select the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer as the debug tool: Select Debugger > Select Tool > PICkit 2. The Output window displays communication status between the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer and Target Board, as shown in Figure 4-4. FIGURE 4-3: PICkit 2 DEBUG TOOL
DS51553C-page 31

FIGURE 4-4: OUTPUT WINDOW
4. Select Debugger > Settings to setup the PICkit 2 operation. 5. Click the Connect on Startup check box to enable the auto-connection feature. 6. Click Ok. FIGURE 4-5: PICkit 2 SETTINGS
DS51553C-page 32

7. Select Debugger > Connect to connect to the PICkit 2. The Output window displays communication status between the PICkit 2 and Target Board. FIGURE 4-6: PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER CONNECT
4.2.3
Updating PICkit 2 Firmware (Operating System)
Depending on the version of the MPLAB IDE software or the selected device, a message may appear indicating that the firmware needs to be updated. MPLAB IDE will automatically install new firmware (see Figure 4-7). FIGURE 4-7: UPDATING PICkit 2 FIRMWARE DIALOG
4.2.4
Running the Project Wizard
For this project, the MPASM Assembler tool will be used: 1. Select Project > Project Wizard to setup the first project. The Project Wizard Welcome menu will display. 2. Click Next to continue to Step One.
DS51553C-page 33

FIGURE 4-8: PROJECT WIZARD
3. Select the PIC16F887 device from the Device drop-down box. 4. Click Next to continue to Step Two. FIGURE 4-9: STEP ONE
5. Select Microchip MPASM Toolsuite from the Active Toolsuite drop-down menu. Make sure the tools are set to the proper executables by default in the C:\Program Files\Microchip\MPASM Suite folder as follows: MPASM assembler should be pointing to mpasmwin.exe MPLINK Linker should be pointing to mplink.exe MPLIB Librarian should be pointing to mplib.exe. 6. Click Next to continue to Step Three.
DS51553C-page 34

FIGURE 4-10: STEP TWO
In Step Three, type in the name and location of the project or click the Browse button to locate the project files. Click Next to continue to Step Four. FIGURE 4-11: STEP THREE
In Step Four, add the project files: From the left pane window, go to C:\Program Files\Microchip\PICkit 2 v2\DBE Demo. Select and highlight the 16F887Demo.asm file and click the Add button. The file will be placed into the right pane window. 7. Click the check box next to the file to copy the file into the project directory. 8. Click Next to continue to the Summary window. Note: Files can be added later if needed.
DS51553C-page 35

FIGURE 4-12: ADD FILES
If any errors have been made, click on the Back button to return to any of the previous steps in the Project Wizard. Click Finish. FIGURE 4-13: PROJECT SUMMARY
4.2.5
PIC16F887 Debug Demo Project
After completing the project setup and exiting the Project Wizard, the Project Window will display in the MPLAB IDE desktop window, as shown in Figure 4-14.
DS51553C-page 36

FIGURE 4-14: PROJECT WINDOW
If needed, additional files can be added to the project using the Project Window. Right click on any of the files or folders in the Project Window tree to display a pop-up window with additional options for adding or removing files. FIGURE 4-15: ADDING AND REMOVING FILES
4.2.6
Creating a Hex File
Select Project > Build All, or right click on the project name in the Project Window and select Build All from the pop-up menu. The MPASM assembler will create a hex file with the same name as the source .asm file. FIGURE 4-16: BUILD PROJECT
DS51553C-page 37

FIGURE 4-17: OUTPUT WINDOW
4.2.7
Setting Debug Options
Before debugging can begin, the device Configuration bits need to be selected. 4.2.7.1 CONFIGURATION BITS
The Configuration bits that are to be programmed into the device are set from within the program. These bits can be verified using the Configuration Bits dialog window. Select Configure > Configuration Bits. To change the setting for a category, double click on the text in the Setting column and select the appropriate setting for the corresponding category. The following Configuration bits should be set for this tutorial: Config1: Oscillator Internal RC No Clock Watchdog Timer Off Power-Up Timer On Master Clear Enable MCLR is external Code-Protect Off Data EE Protect Off Brown-Out Detect BOD and SBOREN Disabled Internal-External Switch Over Mode Disabled Monitor Clock Fail-safe Disabled Low-Voltage Program Disabled
Config 2: Self Write Enable No Protection Master Brown-out Reset Sel Bit Brown-out at 2.1V
DS51553C-page 38

FIGURE 4-18: CONFIGURATION BIT SETTINGS
4.2.8
Loading Program Code for Debugging
Select Debugger > Select Tool > PICkit 2 to select the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer as the debug tool. Select Debugger > Program to program the 16F887Demo.asm file into the PIC16F887 on the 44-Pin Demo Board. FIGURE 4-19:
Programming will only take a few seconds. During programming, the PICkit 2 tab of the Output dialog window will display the current phase of operation. When programming is complete, the dialog should look similar to Figure 4-20. Note: The debug executive code is automatically programmed in the upper program memory of the PIC16F887 (target device) for the PICkit 2 debug functions. Debug code must be programmed into the target PIC MCU to use the in-circuit debugging capabilities of the PICkit 2 Programmer.
DS51553C-page 39

FIGURE 4-20: OUTPUT WINDOW PICkit 2 TAB
4.2.9
PIC16F887 Debug Demo
The PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer executes in either Real-Time or Step mode. Real-Time execution occurs when the PIC16F887, on the 44-Pin Demo Board, is in MPLAB IDEs Run mode. Step mode execution can be accessed after the processor is halted. The following toolbar buttons can be used for quick access to commonly used debug operations:
Debugger Menu Run Halt Animate Step Into Step Over Step Out Reset Toolbar Buttons
4.2.9.1
REAL-TIME MODE
Open the 16F887Demo.asm file: 1. Double click on the 16F887Demo.asm file from the Project Window or select File > Open from the toolbar menu. 2. Select Debugger > Run, or click the Run button. 3. Turn the potentiometer (RA0), located on the demo board and observe the LEDs. If the program was working properly, the LEDs would rotate faster or slower depending on which direction the potentiometer is turned. However, a bug has been intentionally placed in the code for debugging demonstration purposes. See the next section Section 4.2.10 Debugging the PIC16F887 Debug Demo Code for debugging instructions. 4. Select Debugger > Halt, or click the Halt button to stop the program execution. 5. Select Debugger > Reset to reset the program.
DS51553C-page 40

4.2.10 Debugging the PIC16F887 Debug Demo Code
Any of the following issues can prevent the PIC16F887 Debug Demo program from working properly: The A/D converter value is not being written properly to the Delay routine. The A/D converter is not enabled or has not been set to convert. A typing error in the source code has caused the program to function improperly. To explore the first listed possible issue, set a breakpoint at the line of code that writes the value of the A/D result to the high-order Delay byte: 1. Place the cursor on the following line of code in the 16F887Demo.asm file: movwf Delay+1, as shown in Figure 4-21. At this breakpoint, the program will stop once the A/D conversion has completed. 2. Right click to display a drop-down menu. 3. Select Set Breakpoint from the drop-down menu. The program marks the line with the letter B in a red octagon outline, as shown in Figure 4-21. FIGURE 4-21: BREAKPOINT
4. Select Debugger > Run, or click the Run button to run the program in Real-Time mode. A breakpoint stops a programs execution when the program executes the line marked as a breakpoint. 5. Mouse over ADRESH in the listing file and it will show the value of the file register (see Figure 4-22).
DS51553C-page 41

FIGURE 4-22: ADRESH REGISTER VALUE
6. Adjust the POT and continue the program continue by selecting Debug > Run. The program will run through the loop and halt. 7. Mouse over ADRESH again, the A/D result has not changed. Thus it seems the A/D conversion is not working. The A/D conversion initialization and setup occurs at the beginning of the program. FIGURE 4-23: PROGRAM HALTED
8. Select Debugger > Reset to reset the program. The first instruction should be indicated by a green arrow. 9. Select View > Watch to open a new Watch window. This window allows the user to watch the A/D register value change as the program executes. The Watch dialog opens with the Watch_1 tab selected, as shown in Figure 4-24.
DS51553C-page 42

FIGURE 4-24: WATCH WINDOW
10. Select ADCON0 and click on the Add SFR button to add ADCON0 to the Watch window. 11. Repeat Step 10 to add ADCON1 and ADRESH to the Watch window. The selected SFRs should be visible in the Watch window as shown in Figure 4-25. FIGURE 4-25: ADD SFR
12. Select Debugger > Run to the run the program in Real-Time mode. This time the program will stop after it executes the breakpoint line of code and the instruction after the breakpoint will be indicated as shown in Figure 4-26. FIGURE 4-26: PROGRAM HALTED AFTER BREAK
DS51553C-page 43

13. Examine the values of the ADCON0 and ADCON1 registers in the Watch window. The ADCON0 value is 0x40 (b01000000). This corresponds to the hex value designated in the program. However, this is not correct. A review of the PIC16F882/883/884/886/887 Data Sheet (DS41291), Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter Module section, indicates that the last bit should be a 1 (b01000001) to turn on the A/D module. To fix this bug, change: movlw 0x40 to movlw 0x41, as shown in Figure 4-27. FIGURE 4-27: A/D MODULE CODE
14. Select File > Save to save the changes. 15. Select Project > Build All to rebuild the project. A message will indicate that the program has been rebuilt. The PICkit 2 Programmer must be reprogrammed for the changes to take effect. 16. Select Debugger > Program to reprogram the PICkit 2 Programmer with the changes. When the PICkit 2 Programmer dialog indicates Programming Succeeded, the program is ready to run again. 17. Right-click on the line of code that previously had the breakpoint and select Remove > Breakpoint. 18. Select Debugger > Run to run the program in Real-Time mode. Turn the potentiometer (RA0) to change the value displayed on the LEDs. The source code in this tutorial contained only one bug. However, real code may have more. Using the PICkit 2 Programmer and MPLAB IDE debugging functions, users can successfully find and fix problems in their code.
4.2.11
Programming the Application
When the program is successfully debugged and running, the next step is to program the PIC MCU for stand-alone operation in the finished design. When doing this, the resources reserved by the ICD are released for use by the application. To program the application, use the following steps:
DS51553C-page 44

1. Disable PICkit 2 Programmer as a debug tool by selecting Debugger > Select Tool > None. 2. Select PICkit 2 Programmer as the programmer in Programmer > Select Tool menu. 3. Optional: Set up the ID in Configure > ID Memory. FIGURE 4-28: CONFIGURE ID MEMORY
FIGURE 4-29:
USER ID MEMORY
4. Set up the parameters for programming on the Programmer > Settings Program tab. 5. Select Programmer > Program. Now the PICkit 2 Programmer can reset and run the target.
DS51553C-page 45

NOTES:
DS51553C-page 46
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes questions and answers to common problems associated with using the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer and how to resolve them.
5.2
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Device is not recognized
Question Why am I receiving a No Device Found message? Answer Verify that the device is supported and that the target MCU is connected to the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer in accordance with Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP. Verify that PIC18F_J_, PIC24, and dsPIC33 devices have an appropriate capacitance on the VDDCORE/VCAP pin in accordance with the device data sheet.
Current Limit Exceeded

Question Why am I receiving the error message USB Hub Current Limit Exceeded from the Microsoft Windows program? Answer Check the application circuit is not drawing more than about 25 mA from the PICkit 2 Programmer.
Microsoft Windows Driver

Question After plugging the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer into the USB port, Windows 98 SE asks for a driver. Where is the driver? Answer PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer uses the drivers included with Windows. When Windows 98 SE prompts for a driver, select Search for the best driver for your device. Then select the check box next to Microsoft Windows Update and click Next. Windows will automatically install the appropriate driver. Do not use Microchips ICD 2 USB driver.
Verify and Read Return all Zeros

Question When the Verify or Read buttons are clicked, the Program Memory window comes up with all zeros. What is wrong? Answer The device may be code-protected. Ensure code protection has not been selected in the Configuration Word.
DS51553C-page 47

Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT
Question Can I run on Windows 95/98/NT? Answer No. These operating systems either do not support USB or have drivers that are not compatible.
VDD/VPP Errors
Question Why do I keep getting a VDD Error or VPP Error? Answer This error indicates that the PICkit 2 Programmer is not able to drive VDD or VPP to the intended voltage. Check the circuit board for shorts, for large current draw, and verify that the target MCU is connected to the PICkit 2 Programmer in accordance with Chapter 3. PICkit 2 Programmer and ICSP. Make sure that VDD capacitance is not reducing the VDD rise time longer than 500 s.
Programming Errors
Question Why am I able to program some parts but not others? Answer If some parts are configured for Low-Voltage Programming, a floating PGM pin can interfere with programming. Use a resistor to pull this pin low when programming. Some Mid-Range parts, such as the PIC16F72, 73, 74, 76, 77 family and PIC16F737, 747, 767, 777 family require a minimum programming VDD of +4.75V. Depending on the USB voltage, the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer may not be able to supply +4.75V on VDD. Program these parts using an external +5.0V power supply. Some PIC18F parts require significant bypass capacitance on VDD. Try increasing the total bypass capacitance up to 10 uF. PIC18F_J_ parts, PIC24, and dsPIC DSC parts require a 4.7 uF capacitor on the VDDCORE/VCAP pin in order to function properly. If not using a separate regulator to supply VDDCORE, ensure that the ENVREG pin is tied to VDD.
Debug Express Connection Problems

Question While using PICkit 2 Programmer as a debugger, I frequently get the error Unable to Enter Debug Mode when programming the device. Whats wrong? Answer During debugging the ICSPCLK and ICSPDAT signal lines must be completely isolated from other circuitry in the application. PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmers with a black push button require that 4.7k Ohm pull-down resistors be added from both ICSPCLK and ICSPDAT to GND. Newer PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmers with a red push button have the pull downs internally.
DS51553C-page 48
Chapter 6. Updating the PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System

6.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes how to update the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmers operating system.
6.2
UPDATING THE PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER

To update the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Operating System, complete the following steps. Step 1. Download the latest PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer Operating System from the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com. Step 2. From the menu, select Tools > Download PICKit 2 Operating System as shown in Figure 6-1. FIGURE 6-1: DOWNLOAD PICkit 2 PROGRAMMER OPERATING SYSTEM
Step 3. Browse to the directory where the latest Operating System code was saved as shown in Figure 6-2.
DS51553C-page 49

FIGURE 6-2: OPEN PICkit 2 PROGRAMMER OPERATING SYSTEM
Step 4. Select the PK2*.hex file and click on the Open button. The progress of the OS update will be displayed in the status bar of the programming software and the Busy LED on the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer will flash. When the update completes successfully, the status bar will display Operating System Verified and the Busy LED will go out. The operating system update is then complete.
DS51553C-page 50
A.1
INTRODUCTION
NOTE: R32 and C16 not populated
FIGURE A-1:
+5V_USB
+5V_USB +5V_USB
+5V_USB
C1 0.1 F
J1 ICSP TM
R32 10 K SW1 PROGRAM BUSY TARGET POWER R2 470 R3 470 R1 470
PIC18F2550/SO
2 3 4 5 6 7
U1
NC
1 2 3 4 5 6
20
1 21
VPP_FEEDBACK VDD_TGT_FB ICSPDAT ICSPCLK AUX MCLR_TGT R33 33 C16 0.1 F SDA SCL VPP_ON Vdd_TGT_N Vdd_TGT_P
DS1 RED
DS3 YELLOW
DS2 GREEN
C2 X1 22 pF 20 MHz
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 11 12 13 VDD_TGT_ADJ 14 15 16
10
+5V_USB +5V_USB VPP_PUMP C4 0.1 F R4 10 K

5 3 1
C3 22 pF
C6 0.1 F
C5 10 F 16V U2 MCP6001U +
4
R34 2.7 K Q1 IRLML6402

G S
8 19 17 18
C7 0.47 F WP
RA0/AN0 VDD RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF RA3/AN3/VREF+ RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT/RCV RA5/AN4/SS/HLVDIN/C2OUT MCLR/VPP/RE3 RB0/AN12/INT0/FLT0/SDI/SDA RB1/AN10/INT1/SCK/SCL RB2/AN8/INT2/VMO OSC1/CLKI RB3/AN9/CCP2/VPO RB4/AN11/KBI0 RB5/KBI1/PGM OSC2/CLKO/RA6 RB6/KBI2/PGC RB7/KBI3/PGD RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI RC1/T1OSI/CCP2/UOE RC2/CCP1 VUSB RC4/D-/VM RC5/D+/VP VSS RC6/TX/CK VSS RC7/RX/DT/SDO
+5V_USB C8 0.1 F R31 100
2 D
+V_TGT
+5V_USB +5V_USB C10 0.1 F U4 24LC512

1 A0 2 A1 3 A2 4 Vss 8 Vcc 7 WP 6 SCL 5 SDA
Appendix A. Hardware Schematics
+5V_USB
1 2 3 4 NC 5
J2 USB Mini-B
R6 10 K
R5 10 K
R7 10 K
C9 0.1 F R8 2.7 K R9 2.7 K
+5V_USB
U3 24LC512 WP SCL SDA
PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (PAGE 1 OF 2)
1 A0 2 A1 3 A2 4 Vss
8 Vcc 7 WP 6 SCL 5 SDA
WP SCL SDA 2^0
This appendix contains PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer schematic diagrams.
DS51553B-page 51
2^1
R30 2.7 K VDD_TGT_P Q2(P) +V_TGT R16 10 K +5V_USB High turns on N Low turns on P D4 ZHCS1000 D1 MMBD4148 3 G D 4
VDD_TGT
DS51553B-page 52
VDD_TGT_FB +V_TGT AUX R10 10 R11 33 C12 0.1 F R26 4.7 K Q2 MMBT3906
FIGURE A-2:
C11 10 F 16V
R12 10 K Q1(N) D 6 S 5 1 G 2 S ICSPCLK R13 1K
U5 FDC6420C
VDD_TGT_N
R14 10
R15 33
Q3 MMBT3906 R17 820
R35 4.7 K
C13 0.1 F L1 680uH D3 BAT54 R21 1K Q4 MMBT3904 R22 4.7 K 47 F 25V R23 100 K C15
C14 10 F 16V
R19 10 ICSPDAT
R20 33
Q5 MMBT3906
R36 4.7 K
VPP_PUMP
J3 ICSP TM
VPP_FEEDBACK
Q6 MMBT3906
6 5 4 3 2 1 VPP
AUX ICSPCLK ICSPDAT GND VDD_TGT VPP
R24 2.7 K R25 10 K
R27 10 K VPP_ON
PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (PAGE 2 OF 2)
Q7 MMBT3904
R28 100
R29 10 K MCLR_TGT
Q8 MMBT3904
PICKIT 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE

NOTES:
DS51553C-page 53
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE

AMERICAS
Corporate Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277 Technical Support: http://support.microchip.com Web Address: www.microchip.com Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: 678-957-9614 Fax: 678-957-1455 Boston Westborough, MA Tel: 774-760-0087 Fax: 774-760-0088 Chicago Itasca, IL Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075 Dallas Addison, TX Tel: 972-818-7423 Fax: 972-818-2924 Detroit Farmington Hills, MI Tel: 248-538-2250 Fax: 248-538-2260 Kokomo Kokomo, IN Tel: 765-864-8360 Fax: 765-864-8387 Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 949-462-9523 Fax: 949-462-9608 Santa Clara Santa Clara, CA Tel: 408-961-6444 Fax: 408-961-6445 Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 905-673-6509
ASIA/PACIFIC
Asia Pacific Office Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor Tower 6, The Gateway Habour City, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 Australia - Sydney Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 61-2-9868-6755 China - Beijing Tel: 86-10-8528-2100 Fax: 86-10-8528-2104 China - Chengdu Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 Fax: 86-28-8665-7889 China - Fuzhou Tel: 86-591-8750-3506 Fax: 86-591-8750-3521 China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 China - Qingdao Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 Fax: 86-532-8502-7205 China - Shanghai Tel: 86-21-5407-5533 Fax: 86-21-5407-5066 China - Shenyang Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 Fax: 86-24-2334-2393 China - Shenzhen Tel: 86-755-8203-2660 Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 China - Shunde Tel: 86-757-2839-5507 Fax: 86-757-2839-5571 China - Wuhan Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 China - Xian Tel: 86-29-8833-7250 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256
ASIA/PACIFIC
India - Bangalore Tel: 91-80-4182-8400 Fax: 91-80-4182-8422 India - New Delhi Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Fax: 91-11-4160-8632 India - Pune Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Fax: 91-20-2566-1513 Japan - Yokohama Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122 Korea - Gumi Tel: 82-54-473-4301 Fax: 82-54-473-4302 Korea - Seoul Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 Malaysia - Penang Tel: 60-4-646-8870 Fax: 60-4-646-5086 Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Fax: 63-2-634-9069 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-572-9526 Fax: 886-3-572-6459 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-536-4818 Fax: 886-7-536-4803 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Fax: 66-2-694-1350
EUROPE
Austria - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393 Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4450-2828 Fax: 45-4485-2829 France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Italy - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611 Fax: 39-0331-466781 Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399 Fax: 31-416-690340 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91 UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5869 Fax: 44-118-921-5820
12/08/06
DS51553C-page 54

PICkit2 User Guide 51553C

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PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer USERS GUIDE

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE

1.6 Programming Software ................................................................................. 10

Chapter 2. Getting Started

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

3.5 VSS ............................................................................................................... 28 3.6 Other Considerations ................................................................................... 28

Chapter 4. PICkit 2 Debug Express

Chapter 6. Updating the PICkit 2 Programmer Operating System

Appendix A. Hardware Schematics

Worldwide Sales and Service .....................................................................................54

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision B (August 2006)

Revision C (January 2007)

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE

Chapter 1. PICkit 2 Programmer Overview

PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER CONTENTS

INTRODUCING THE PICkit 2 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

1 Status LEDs 2 Push Button

3 Lanyard Connection 4 USB Port Connection

5 Pin 1 Marker 6 Programming Connector

USB Port Connection

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 Programmer Overview

VPP/MCLR VDD Target VSS (ground) ICSPDAT/PGD ICSPCLK/PGC Auxiliary

The 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) accepts 0.025" square pins.

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

Menu Bar Device Configuration

Status Window Progress Bar Device VDD Memory Source

EEPROM Data Memory

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 Programmer Overview

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

The progress bar displays the progress of an operation.

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 2 Programmer Overview

Data EEPROM Memory

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU PROGRAMMER USERS GUIDE

Chapter 2. Getting Started

INSTALLING THE PICkit 2 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

USING THE PICkit 2 PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkitTM 2 MCU Programmer Users Guide