Code: 9A10802

1
BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) What is a bio-amplifier? Describe the important features of a bio-amplifier. (b) Discuss about bio-signals with characteristics. (a) Explain the characteristics of a cell. (b) Derive Nernst equation for cell membrane. (c) List out different bio-electric potentials. Write short notes on: (a) Electrodes for ECG (b) Electrodes for EEG (c) Electrodes for EMG

Max. Marks: 70

(a) What is cardiac cycle? With a neat sketch, explain about a cardiac cycle. (b) Explain the operation of isolation amplifier commonly used in modern ECG machine, with the help of schematic diagram. (a) Discuss about automatic defibrillator with suitable block diagram. (b) Explain briefly about ECG machine specifications. Describe how the conduction velocity is required during the measurement of EMG signal and its significance. (a) Explain impedance pnelungmograph with block diagram. (b) Explain how oxygen in blood can be estimated in ventilators. Discuss in detail on the five objectives of any medical instrument.

*****

Code: 9A10802

2
BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Describe the performance requirement of medical instrumentation system. (b) Discuss about different types of bio-signals with characteristics. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the generation of action potentials. (b) List out different bio-electric potentials. (c) Explain how bio-electric potentials are measured. (a) List out various bio-chemical electrodes and give their applications. (b) Distinguish between external and internal electrodes. Give some examples. (a) Draw a typical ECG signal indicating the amplitude values and various timings. (b) Obtain the relation between the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart.

Max. Marks: 70

(a) Discuss the importance of blood flow meters for measuring physiological parameters. (b) Explain briefly about ECG machine specifications. (a) What are the qualitative requirements of an EEG amplifier? (b) Why and where EMG is used? (a) Explain normal mechanism of respiration. (b) Briefly explain about the various gas transport mechanisms that can be used with ventilators. Discuss in detail on the five objectives of any medical instrument.

*****

Code: 9A10802

3
BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Describe the performance requirement of medical instrumentation system. (b) What are the requirements of bioelectric amplifiers? (a) Derive Nernst equation for cell membrane. (b) Describe about different types of muscles and their electro physical properties.

Max. Marks: 70

(a) Describe the various types of surface electrodes and disposable electrodes for measuring ECG signals. (b) What are the various sources of errors in measuring body potentials using bio-electrodes? (a) With a neat sketch describe the cardiac cycle. (b) Explain about mechanical functioning or cardiovascular system of heart. (a) Discuss various types of pace makers. (b) Explain the haemodialysis machine with the help of diagram. (a) Discuss different rhythms in EEG. Explain how they are affected by subjects conditions. (b) Write about electrodes used in EMG. (a) Discuss about the various parameters used in monitoring lung mechanics. (b) Explain how ventilators can be classified based on their power source. (a) Describe what precautions are taken to overcome the problems encountered during performing measurements from human body. (b) Discuss about grounding conditions in hospital environment.

*****

Code: 9A10802

4
BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) What is a bio-amplifier? Describe the important features of a bio-amplifier. (b) List out the problems encountered with measurement from human beings.

Max. Marks: 70

(a) Explain about polarized cell with resting potential and depolarized cell during an action potential. Explain how action potentials are propagated through the cell. (b) Describe the functioning of a bio-chemical system. (a) Give the salient features of needle electrodes. Mention their applications. (b) Why reference electrode is used in biomedical applications. Describe reference electrode in bio-chemical applications. (a) Explain about mechanical functioning or cardiovascular system of heart. (b) Explain about the relation between the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart. (a) Explain the need for pacemaker with suitable figures. (b) Explain about haemodialysis machine. (a) Describe various load configurations that can be used to record EEG signals. (b) Explain 10-20 electrode system. (a) Explain how the therapeutic effect of ventilators can be ensured. (b) Explain impedance pnelungmograph with block diagram. Discuss about: (a) Patient electrical safety while measuring bio-signals from human body. (b) Hazards in operation rooms. (c) Grounding conditions in hospital environment.

*****