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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

MID-TERM EXAMINATION
Sidang Akademik 2012/2013
OCTOBER 2012

ERT247 Geomatics Engineering

[Kejuruteraan Geomatik]
Masa: 1 jam

Please make sure that this question paper has TWO (2) printed pages including this front
page before you start the examination.
[Sila pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi DUA (2) muka surat yang bercetak termasuk muka hadapan
sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]

This question paper has SIX (6) questions. Answer ALL questions.
[Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan. Jawab SEMUA soalan]

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Question 1
(a) List the sources of errors in leveling works and suggest possible way to correct in order to
achieved an acceptable accuracy.
[Senaraikan jenis selisih dalam kerja-kerja ukur aras dan cadangkan kaedah pembetulan dan mencapai
kejituan yang boleh diterima]

[10 marks/markah]
Gross errors are, in fact, not errors at all, but results of mistakes that are due to the
carelessness of the observer. The gross errors must be detected and eliminated from the
survey measurements before such measurements can be used.
Systematic errors follow some pattern and can be expressed by functional relationships based
on some deterministic system. Like the gross errors, the systematic errors must also be
removed from the measurements by applying necessary corrections.
After all mistakes and systematic errors have been detected and removed from the
measurements, there will still remain some errors in the measurements, called the random
errors or accidental errors. The random errors are treated using probability models.
(b) Given the profile data shown in Figure Q1,
[ Diberi data profil ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Q1]

Figure Q2
(i)

Booking the levelling works, calculate the reduced levels and do the arithmetic
and misclosure check.
[Bukukan kerja ukur aras, kira aras dan lakukan semakan aritmetik dan salah penutupan]

[30 marks/markah]
Station
BM 22
0+20
0+50

BS
2.234

IS
2.010
2.638

FS

Elevation
158.613
158.837
158.209

HI
160.847

Rise

Fall

0.224
0.628

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TP1
0+70
1+00
BM 23
Total

1.984

3.015
1.956
1.034

4.218

1.915
4.930

157.832
157.860
158.782
157.901

159.816

0.337
0.028
0.922
0.881
1.886

1.174

Arithmetic check = 158.613 4.218 +4.930 = 157.901

Misclosure check 4.218-4.930= 1.174-1.886 = -0.712. Check

(ii)

If the elevation of BM# 22 is 160.00, determine the reduced level BM# 23.
[Jika aras BM 22 adalah 160.00, tentukan aras BM 23]

[10 marks/markah]
160.00 -1.174 + 1.886 = 159.288m.
Question 2
(a) The data given in Table Q2 were obtained for an anti-clockwise closed-loop traverse.
[Data diberikan dalam Jadual Q2 diperoleh dalam arah lawan arah jam dalam terabas tertutip.]

Table Q2

(i)

Explain the principle of using surveying compass in traverse works.

[Terangkan principal menggunakan kompas ukur dalam kerja terabas]

[5 marks/markah]
(ii)

Calculate the bearing of remaining side and correct the bearings.

[Kira bearing bagi sisi yang lain dan betulkan bearing tersebut]

[5 marks/markah]
(iii)

If the coordinates of the station A are E1500 m and N1500 m, determine the
correct coordinates of all the traverse stations after adjusting the traverse by
Bowditchs method.
[Jika kordinat bagi stesen A adalah E1500 m and N1500 m, dapatkan kordinat yang betul bagi
semua stesen terabas selepas melakukan pengubahan terabas menggunakan kaedah Bowditch.]

[40 marks/markah]

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Drawing
Not to scale (NTS)

B
F

C
E
D

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