UT 02

B. Fang

Tip: when manipulating ratios with more than one number, try dividing every number
by the smallest number.
For example:
0.853 : 0.0682 : 0.0682
dividing by 0.0682 yields:
1.25 : 1 : 1
5: 4: 4

1. Convert grams to moles to molecules, and multiply by 2 (there are 2 carbon atoms per molecule)

2. The mass of the compound doesn’t matter, so make it 100g for ease of calculation.
Divide the masses of each element by each of their molar masses to find the moles of each element.
Manipulate the ratio of the three number of moles until you get whole numbers. (See the tip at
the top of this page)
(The molar mass is extraneous info).

3. Factor label:
Set the molar mass as x.
(19 grams)×( x1 )×(6.02 × 102 3)=(9.33 × 1022 molecules)
Experiment with number of sig figs when entering your answer...

5. Balance equation and use mole ratio.

6. Find out which reactant is the limiting reactant, then use mole ratio and convert to molecules.

7. The answer is the product (H2 O) and the excess reactant.

8. Find which reactant is the limiting reactant, and use the mole ratio to find the theoretical yield.
Divide 17.8 grams by the theoretical yield.

9. Use the mole ratio (based on the limiting reactant) to find the theoretical yield, then multiply
by the percent yield.

10. Divide the mass of the compound (11.7g) by its molar mass to find the number of moles of the
compound.
Multiply the number of moles of the compound by 2 (there are 2 atoms of iron per molecule) to
find the number of moles of iron.
Multiply the number of moles of iron by its molar mass to find the mass of iron.
Divide the mass of iron by the 29.5g of iron ore.
11. The KN O3 and the KN O2 both have impurities, so you cannot use their molar mass.
However,
(KN O3 + impurities) = (KN O2 + impurities) + O2
KN O3 − KN O2 = O2
When finding difference between the masses of KN O3 and KN O2 , the impurities cancel out, so
we can use the difference between the masses, which happens to be the mass of O2 . Convert mass
of O2 to moles of O2 , then use the mole ratio to find the moles of KN O3 without impurities.
Converting to grams will give you the mass of KN O3 without impurities. Divide by 25.3 grams
to find the percentage.

12. The mass of the compound doesn’t matter, so make it 100g for ease of calculation. Divide
the mass of each element by their molar masses to find the number of moles of each element.
Manipulate the ratio of the three numbers until you get whole numbers in simplest form. (See the
tip at the top of this page)

13. See number 12

14. See number 12

15. See number 12

16. Write/balance the equation, then find the limiting reactant and use mole ratio.

17. C10 H15 N O + O2 → CO2 + H2 O + N2 (not balanced)

Because the only product with carbon is CO2 , the mole ratio of CO2 to C10 H15 N O is 10 : 1. Use
factor label method to convert from mass of ephedrine to mass of CO2

18. Write/balance the equation, then find the limiting reactant and use mole ratio

19. The equation is (?) + O2 → CO2 + H2O (unbalanced)

Note that:
(mass of compound)+(mass of oxygen)=(mass of CO2 )+(mass of H2 O)
mass of O2 =(mass of CO2 )+(mass of H2 O)-(mass of compound)
divide the mass of O2 by its molar mass to find the moles of O2 (don’t forget there are 2 atoms in
O2 !)
Divide the mass of CO2 and the mass of H2 O by their respective molar masses to find the moles
of each molecule.
Manipulate the ratio of the three numbers of moles. (See the tip at the top of this page)
You should get (O2 : CO2 : H2 O) = (5 : 4 : 4)
Find the number of C, H, and O atoms needed on the left side and simplify.

20 ,21, 22
As in question 19, take the sum of the masses of the products and subtract the sum of the mystery
compound to find the mass of O2 .
Divide the mass of O2 by its molar mass to find the moles of O2 (don’t forget there are 2 atoms in
O2 !)
Divide the mass of CO2 , the mass of H2 O, and the mass of N2 by their respective molar masses to
find the moles of each molecule (don’t forget N2 has two atoms!)
Divide the mass of caffeine by its molar mass (given) to find the moles of caffeine.
Note: Keep all the number of moles with at least 3 sig figs... it works out that way
Manipulate the ratio of the five numbers until you get whole numbers in simplest form. (See the
tip at the top of this page) You should get:
(caffeine : O2 : CO2 : H2 O : N2 ) = (2 : 19 : 16 : 10 : 4)
(?) + 19O2 → 16CO2 + 10H2 O + 4N2
(?) = C16 H20 N8 O4
Simplify that to get the empirical formula.
Divide the given molar mass of the compound by the mass of the empirical formula to find the
factor that you need to multiply the empirical formula by to get the molecular formula.

23.
You have two pairs of compounds here:
1.52g Aroclor and 2.224g CO2
2.53g Aroclor and 0.253g H2 O
Convert everything to moles. (Watch sig figs)
In the first pair, divide each number of moles by the number of moles of Aroclor.
In the second pair, do the same thing.
You should have two mole ratios, one comparing the number of moles of CO2 to 1 mole of Aroclor,
and another ratio comparing the number of moles of H2 O to 1 mole of Aroclor.
Combine you can now combine the two ratios.
Manipulate the ratio of the three numbers until you get whole numbers in simplest form. (See the
tip at the top of this page)
You should get:
(Aroclor : CO2 : H2 O) = (1 : 12 : 2)
Put it in the equation:
Aroclor +(x)O2 → 12CO2 + 2H2 O + (y)Cl2
Aroclor therefore has 12 C atoms, 4 H atoms, and some number of Cl atoms.
Take the molar mass of Aroclor and subtract the molar mass of 12 C atoms and 4 H atoms to find
the mass of Cl atoms. Divide that by the molar mass of Cl.