Temasek Junior College

H2 Year One Lecture Test 2 (2009) Answers

1. (a) D is an element with the following successive first
ionization energies (IE) in kJmol-1.

1st IE of D 1310 3400 5300 7500 11300 13300 20300

(i) State which group of the Periodic Table does the [2]
element D is likely to belong. Explain your answer.

• D is from Group VI.

• There is a big jump in 7th ionisation energy
implying that the 7th electron is from an inner
quantum shell or D has 6 valence electrons.

(ii) Write down the formula of the compound formed when [1]
D reacts with a Group III element E.

• E2D3

(b) Element F after being heated in a non-luminous Bunsen

flame has the following electronic configuration
1s22s22p63s23p64s25s15p3.

(i) Identify element F. Write the ground state electronic [2]

configuration of the element F.

• F has 24 electrons, hence F is chromium

• 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1

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 (ii) Draw an energy level diagram for F3+ ion . [2]

Energy/kJ mol-1

3d
3p
3s

2p
2s

1s

[energy level & labelling:1m; electrons arrangement:1m]

2 (a) (i) By considering the number of lone and bonding pairs [3]
of electrons, draw diagrams to illustrate and name
the shapes of SCl2, PCl3, ICl4-. [1 mark each]

(ii) PCl3 and AsCl3 are both Group V chlorides. Which

molecule has a larger bond angle? Explain. [2]

• PCl3 has a larger bond angle.

P is more electronegative than As. Bond pairs of
PCl3 are drawn closer to the P central atom
compared to those AsCl3. Thus there is greater
electron density around P and bond pairs in PCl3
experience greater repulsion.

2
3. (a The boiling points of some fluoride compounds are showed [4]
) below.

Compound Formula Boiling point/ °C

Hydrogen fluoride HF 19
Aluminium fluoride AlF3 1257
Silicon (IV) fluoride SiF4 -95
Phosphorus(V) PF5 -85
fluoride
By reference to their structure and types of bonding,
explain as fully as you can the differences in the boiling
points of the compounds.

• Aluminium fluoride has a giant ionic structure.

Boiling involves overcoming strong
electrostatic forces of attraction (or ionic
bonds) between Al3+ and Cl- ions, hence a
large amount of energy is required to break the
strong bonds, hence it has the highest boiling
point of the 4 fluorides.

• HF, SiF4 and PF5 have simple molecular

structures and boiling involves overcoming
weak intermolecular forces of attraction. HF
has intermolecular hydrogen bonding while
SiF4 and PF5 have intermolecular van der
Waals forces.

• Since hydrogen bonding is stronger than van

der Waals forces and requires more energy to
overcome, hence HF has a higher boiling point
than SiF4 and PF5.

• PF5 has a larger Mr and a larger electron

cloud. There is a greater extent of polarisation
of electron cloud, resulting in stronger and
more extensive van der Waals forces of PF5.
More energy is required to overcome the
intermolecular forces of PF5 so it has a higher
boiling point.

3
 (b) Explain why hydrogen fluoride is soluble in water [2]
but silicon (IV) fluoride is not.

• HF is able to form hydrogen bonds with water

molecules. This releases sufficient energy to
overcome the hydrogen bonds between HF
molecules and hydrogen bonds between water
molecules. HF and water molecules can
intermingle, so HF is soluble in water.

• HF + H2O H3O+ + F-
HF ionised partially in water to formed F- and H+
(OR H3O+) ions. Ion-dipole interactions take place
between the ions and water. Energy liberated is
sufficient to overcome the hydrogen bonds
between H2O molecules & those between HF
molecules. HF and water molecules can
intermingle, so HF is soluble in water. [Bonus]

4 In which pair is the bond angle in Species I greater

than that in Species II.

Species I Species II
A BrF3 SF6
B SF6 XeF4
C XeF4 CO32- [D]
D CO32- BrF3

5 Which of the following particles have more

neutrons than protons and more electrons than
neutrons?

A NO2+
13
B CO32-
32 2-
C S [B]
14
D N2+
4
6 Which one of the following has the most unpaired
electrons?

A the nickel metal

B the ammonium ion in NH4Cl
C the manganese ion in MnO2 [C]
D the nitride ion in AlN

7 A flask L containing an unknown volume of neon

gas at pressure of 2 kPa was connected to a flask
M containing 3 dm3 of helium gas at 4 kPa. The
final pressure in the connected flask was found to
be 3.5 kPa. What was the volume of the flask
L,assuming that the temperature was constant
throughout. [A]

A 1.0 dm3
B 1.5 dm3-
C 2.0 dm3
D 2.5 dm3

5
8 Three identical flasks each contain the same mass [D]
of gases G, H & J respectively. The temperature
and pressure of each flask are indicated below.

Gas G Gas H Gas J

Temperature/0C t t 2t
Pressure/Pa p 2p p

Assume ideal gas behaviour, which of the following

is a correct representation of the relative molecular
masses of the three gases?

A Mr(G) > Mr(J) > Mr(H)

B Mr(J) > Mr(H) > Mr(G)
C Mr(G) > Mr(H) > Mr(J)
D Mr(J) > Mr(G) > Mr(H)

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PV/RT

Gas K
N (g)atat298
N2(g)
2
298K K

P/atm
Which of the following is true of the identity of Gas
K?
A Nitrogen gas at a higher temperature
B Neon gas at 298 K
C Carbon dioxide gas at 298 K
D hydrogen gas at 298 K
[C]