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Photosynthesis: Plants take in: energy from sunlight matter from the soil and air simplest form: CO2(g) + H2O(g,l) + energy Carbohydrate + O2(g) . eg 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g,l) + energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2(g)
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Fossil Fuels
When plants decay in air: aerobic decay: Rapid recycling of the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the biosphere via the action of aerobic bacteria
When plants decay in the absence of air: anaerobic decay:
Fossil Fuels
Anaerobic decay (no oxygen) and sedimentation (high pressure and temperature):
The oxygen is slowly expelled from the compounds, leaving behind hydrocarbons Carbohydrates (C, H, O) Hydrocarbons (C, H) CxHy remain: x = 1 100s
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Surface extraction: Strip mining (< ~30m deep) Subsurface extraction: Closed mining (> ~30m
deep)
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Post-mining reclamation can restore this, but often doesnt restore the full diversity.
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highly acidic.
There is much greater danger to mine workers! (accidents and deaths are both about 4X greater)
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as a soil amendment
A major coal-fired power plant will produce enough in one year to cover 1 square mile 1 foot deep.
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400 C
heat to 400 C
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2 NO(g) + O2(g)
2 NO2 (g)
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2 NO(g) + O2(g)
2 NO2 (g)
NO(g) + O3 (g)
Ozone: very welcome in the stratosphere, but NOT a good thing to have at ground level. Severe lung irritant Damaging to rubber and plastics
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N2(g) + O2(g)
2 NO(g)
2 NO(g) + O2(g)
2 NO2 (g)
NO(g) + O3 (g)
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sunlight as catalyst
PAN
PAN stands for peroxyacyl nitrates, the name of a family of compounds containing C, H, O, and N.
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