S.

Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

1. Classify the following reactions as combination, combustion, or decomposition. 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl = ________________ 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 = ________________ 2H2O 2H2 + O2 = ________________ C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O = ________________ 2NaN3 2Na + 3N2 = ________________ 2Al + 3Br2 2AlBr3 = ________________ C2H6O + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O = ________________ 3H2 + 2N2 2NH3 = ________________ 2. Hydrogen peroxide (dihydrogen dioxide) decomposes to produce water and molecular oxygen. In the properly balanced equation, the coefficient in front of hydrogen peroxide is ___(i)___ and the coefficient in front of O2 is ___(ii)_____. a. (i) 1; (ii) 1 b. (i) 1; (ii) 2 c. (i) 2; (ii) 1 d. (i) 2; (ii) 2 e. (i) 3; (ii) 2

3. Ammonia (NH3) is synthesized industrially by reacting N2 with H2 at high temperature. In the properly balanced equation, the coefficient in front of H2 is ___(i)___ and the coefficient in front of N2 is ___(ii)_____. a. (i) 1; (ii) 3 b. (i) 3; (ii) 2 c. (i) 2; (ii) 2 d. (i) 2; (ii) 3 e. (i) 3; (ii) 1 4. For the combustion of the hydrocarbon pentene (C5H10) in air, what is the coefficient in front of CO2 when the chemical equation for the reaction is properly balanced? a. 5 b. 7 c. 2 d. 10 e. 15

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

5. Ethylbenzene, formula C8H10, is one of the BTEX hydrocarbons present in gasoline that are highly toxic and of concern as groundwater pollutants due to leakage from gasoline storage containers. For the combustion of ethylbenzene in air, what is the coefficient in front of O2 when the chemical equation for the reaction is properly balanced? a. 8 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12 e. 21 6. There is currently interest in using butanol, C4H10O, produced by microbes, as an alternative fuel for combustion in automobiles. When the equation for the combustion of C4H10O is properly balanced, what is the coefficient in front of O2? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 10 e. 13

7. The atomic mass for a particular isotope of an element will: a. Always be equal to the value obtained by summing the masses of the protons and neutrons present in the atom b. Always be less than the masses obtained by summing the masses of the protons and neutrons present in that isotope c. Always be greater than the masses obtained by summing the masses of the protons and neutrons present in that isotope d. May be the same as greater than, or less than the masses obtained by summing the masses of the protons and neutrons present in that isotope 8. Use the data in the following table to determine the average atomic mass of naturally occurring chlorine. isotope Atomic mass (amu) % abundance Chlorine-35 34.969 75.78 Chlorine-37 36.966 24.22 a. 35.484 amu b. 36.000 amu c. 35.453 amu d. 36.482 amu e. 37.468 amu

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

9. Use the data in the following table to determine the average atomic mass of naturally occurring iron. isotope Atomic mass (amu) % abundance Iron-54 53.940 5.8 Iron-56 55.935 91.8 Iron-57 56.935 2.1 Iron-58 57.933 0.30 a. 55.935 amu b. 56.250 amu c. 55.911amu d. 56.186 amu e. 55.846 amu

10. Determine the formula weight for aluminum sulfate. a. 123.0 amu b. 273.1 amu c. 342.2 amu d. 93.00 amu e. 150.0 amu

11. Determine the formula weight for ammonium phosphate. a. 113.0 amu b. 141.0 amu c. 131.1 amu d. 149.1 amu e. 80.00 amu 12. Determine the molecular weight of trinitrotoluene, C7H5N3O6, reported to four significant figures a. 227.1 13. What is the mass percent of nitrogen in (NH4)3PO4 (FW = 149.1). a. 28.2% b. 9.40% c. 33.3% d. 14.01% e. 17.6%

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

14. Which relations are written INCORRECTLY for the following molecule: C6H12O6 . Select ALL the incorrect relations. a. 1 mol C/1 mol O b. 1 mol C6H12O6/1 mol H c. 12 mol H/1 mol C6H12O6 d. 12 atoms H/1 mol C6H12O6 e. 1 molecule C6H12O6/6 atoms C f. 2 atoms H/1 atom C g. 24 total atoms/ 1 molecule C6H12O6 h. 24 total atoms/ 1 mole C6H12O6 15. Which relations are written INCORRECTLY for the following reaction? Select ALL the incorrect relations. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 a. 1 mol CO2/1 mol H2O b. 1 mol C6H12O6/1 mol H2O c. 6 mol O2/1 mol C6H12O6 d. 1 molecule CO2/1 molecule O2 e. 6 molecules CO2/1 mol C6H12O6 16. Given the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of butane: 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O Which of the following is an incorrect stoichiometric relation for butane combustion?

a. (a) b. (b) c. (c) d. (d) e. none of the above is incorrect 17. How many moles of glucose, C6H12O6, are present in 100.0 grams of glucose? a. 3.317 x 1023 moles b. 1.802 moles c. 0.5551 moles d. 1.802 x 104 moles e. 3.015 x 10-24 moles
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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

18. What is the mass in grams of 0.257 mol of sucrose, C12H22O11? a. 7.51 x 10-4 g b. 342 g c. 88.0 g d. 8.80 g 19. How many molecules of CH2O are present in 50.0 g of formaldehyde, CH2O? a. 1.00 x 1024 b. 1.67 c. 3.62 x 1023 d. 2.77 x 10-24

20. How many carbon atoms are there in 4.0 moles of isopropyl alcohol, C3H8O? a. 2.4 x 1024 b. 7.2 x 1024 c. 8.0 x 1023 d. 1.8 x 1024

21. Acetone, formula C3H6O, is an organic compound found in some solvents, and is also produced by the body during starvation and in uncontrolled diabetes. How many hydrogen atoms are present in 50.0 grams of acetone? a. 1.04 x 1024 b. 8.64 x 1022 c. 3.11 x 1024 d. 5.18 x 1023 e. 1.17 x 1023

22. How many oxide ions are present in a 50.0 g sample of Fe2O3? a. 6.41 x 1023 b. 5.77 x 1024 c. 1.89 x 1023 d. 5.65 x 1023 e. 6.28 x 1023

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

23. How many total atoms are present in 100.0 grams of sucrose, C12H22O11? a. 4.50 x 103 b. 1.76 x 1023 c. 7.91 x 1024 d. 2.71 x 1027 e. 3.91 x 1021

24. Mothballs are made of napthalene, a C and H containing compound. The mass % of C in naphthalene is 93.71%, while the mass % of H is 6.29%. What is the empirical formula for naphthalene? a. C14H b. C8H6 c. CH d. C5H4 e. C9H6

25. Referring back to the previous problem, given that the molar mass of naphthalene is 128 amu, what is the molecular formula for naphthalene? a. C15H12 b. C7H6 c. C10H8 d. C5H4 e. C2H6 26. Propylene glycol is an important industrial commodity with a wide range of uses. It is composed of 47.35% C, 10.60% H, and 42.05% O by mass. What is the empirical formula for propylene glycol? a. C3H8O2 b. C4H12O3 c. C4H10O4 d. CH4O e. CH2O

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

27. The empirical formula for cyclobutane is CH2. If the true molecular mass of cyclobutane is 56.10 amu, then what is the molecular formula for cyclobutane? a. CH2 b. C2H4 c. C3H6 d. C4H8 e. C3H3 28. Glucose is your bodies preferred carbon source. Glucose contains 40.0% C, 6.71% H, and 53.3% O by mass. The molecular mass of glucose is 180.2. What is the molecular formula of glucose? a. CH2O b. C2H4O2 c. C6H12O6 d. C4H7O5 e. C12H22O7

29. How many moles of H2O are produced when 2.00 mol of O2 react with butane (C4H10): 2 C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10 H2O a. 26.0 mol b. 0.200 mol c. 20.0 mol d. 2.60 mol e. 1.54 mol

30. Modern camping stoves used for backpacking use fuel canisters consisting of a mixture of isobutane (C4H10) and propane (C3H8). You have a fuel canister that contains 182 g isobutane and 45.4 g propane. How many grams of H2O will be produced from the complete combustion of all the isobutene and propane present in the fuel canister? a. 356 g H2O b. 227 g H2O c. 75.0 g H2O d. 15.9 g H2O e. 638 g H2O

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

31. Ethanol , C2H6O, burns readily in oxygen via a combustion reaction, producing CO2 and water as follows: C2H6O + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O Ethanol has a density of 0.789 g/mL. If 1.00 liters of ethanol are burned in a campstove, how many molecules of O2 will be consumed? a. 3.09 x 1025 b. 1.03 x 1025 c. 3.44 x 1024 d. 2.19 x 1028 e. 1.48 x 1022

32. Glucose is your bodies preferred energy source. Your body burns glucose in a series of reactions that add together to give the net reaction for glucose combustion shown below: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O You expel CO2 produced from this process each time you breathe out. How many grams of CO2 will be produced from the complete metabolism (combustion) of 355 grams of glucose? a. 86.7 g CO2 b. 520. g CO2 c. 14.5 g CO2 d. 8.72 x 103 g CO2 e. 242 g CO2

33. In enclosed spaces with no ventilation, the accumulation of CO2 produced from respiration (combustion of glucose and other food sources) can be dangerous, as reinhalation of CO2 will acidify your blood. This is a problem on spaceships where no ventilation is available. To alleviate this problem, potassium hydroxide can be used to remove CO2 produced from respiration in a device called a CO2 scrubber according to the following chemical reaction: CO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) A typical person produces about 1 kg of CO2 per day from respiration. How many kg of NaOH will be required to remove 1.00 kg of CO2 produced by an astronaut on the space shuttle? a. 0.550 kg NaOH b. 2.20 kg NaOH c. 2.00 kg NaOH d. 1.82 kg NaOH e. 0.909 kg NaOH

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

34. Methanol can be synthesized from carbon monoxide and dihydrogen (a combination reaction): CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(l) 365 g of CO are mixed with 65.0 g H2. Which is the limiting reactant? a. CO b. H2 c. the product CH3OH limits the reaction d. neither reactant is limiting

35. Methanol can be synthesized from carbon monoxide and dihydrogen (a combination reaction): CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(l) 365 g of CO are mixed with 65.0 g H2. What is the maximal mass of methanol that can be formed (assuming the reaction goes to completion)? a. 1.03 x 103 g CH3OH b. 515 g CH3OH c. 418 g CH3OH d. 209 g CH3OH e. 430. g CH3OH

36. Methanol can be synthesized from carbon monoxide and dihydrogen (a combination reaction): CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(l) 365 g of CO are mixed with 65.0 g H2.What mass of the excess reactant is left over after the reaction goes to completion? a. 38.7 g H2 b. 12.5 g H2 c. 58.5 g H2 d. 61.7 g H2 e. no excess reactant will be left over

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S. Ensign Self test/practice problems, chemistry 1210: Section 3, stoichiometry and calculations

37. For the following chemical reaction: Cl2 + 2Na 2 NaCl 2.0 moles of Cl2 and 3.0 moles of Na are combined and allowed to react. The limiting reactant will be ___(i)___, and the theoretical yield of NaCl will be ___(ii)____. a. (i) Cl2; (ii) 1.0 mol NaCl b. (i) Cl2; (ii) 4.0 mol NaCl c. (i) Na; (ii) 6.0 mol NaCl d. (i) Na; (ii) 3.0 mol NaCl e. (i) Cl2, (ii) 6.0 mol NaCl

38. For the following chemical reaction: Cl2 + 2Na 2 NaCl 38.0 g of Cl2 and 19.0 g of Na are combined and allowed to react. The limiting reactant will be ___(i)___, and the theoretical yield of NaCl will be ___(ii)____. a. (i) Cl2; (ii) 31.3 NaCl (ii) 62.6 g NaCl b. (i) Cl2; c. (i) Na; (ii) 48.3 g NaCl d. (i) Na; (ii) 24.1 mol NaCl e. (i) Cl2, (ii) 15.7 g NaCl

39. For the reaction: 3H2 + N2 2NH3 23 moles of H2 and 8 moles of N2 are combined and allowed to react. The limiting reactant will be ___(i)___, and the theoretical yield of NH3 will be ___(ii)____. (ii) 16 mol NH3 a. (i) N2; (ii) 4 mol NH3 b. (i) N2; c. (i) H2; (ii) 23 mol NH3 (ii) 35 mol NH3 d. (i) H2; e. (i) H2, (ii) 15 mol NH3

40. Calcium carbonate undergoes decomposition at high temperatures according to the following reaction: CaCO3 CaO + CO2. 25.0 grams of CaCO3 are heated in the laboratory, resulting in the production of 12.1 g CaO. What is the percent yield for the reaction? a. 44.0 % b. 56.0 % c. 14.0 % d. 48.4 % e. 86.4 %
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