INDEX

Aachen, coronation site, 126, 133 n. 40 ablass, See Indulgence Ade, Andreas von Bergen, 32 Agricola, Johannes, 82, 160 n. 127 agriculture, 16th century, 89 Ahe, Heinrich von (Wackerwald), 86 Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz, 13, 21, 75, 111 Peasants War of 1525 and, 21 Albrecht, Duke of Prussia, 73 Algesheimer, See Bernhard, Johann alms chest, 50, 80, 89, 126 Alten Limpurg (patrician society), 20, 74 Anabaptists, 23, 73, 107, 111 Anatolia, 81 anticlericalism, 53, 54, 59, 61, 63, 656, 70, 7980, 82, 98, 106, 116, 120 contradictory interpretations of, 62 edict against clerical immorality, 88 rebellion of 1525 and, 57, 63, 68, 76 anti-Semitism, 223, 678, 74 Antoniter, See Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony Aquinas, Thomas, 17 Artes, Martin, 32, 43 Ascension (feast), 13, 111 procession ridiculed on, 11722 astrology, 109 Augsburg Confession, 923 Frankfurt adopted the, 99, 115, 125 Cochlus, prepared a refutation of, 923 Augsburg, Diet of Charles V and, 12, 92 clergy sent representatives to, 93 procession at, 117 Tetrapolitan Confession, 93

Twenty-eight articles, 92 Augsburg, Peace of, 125 Augustine (saint), 101 Augustinian Hermits, 17 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 121, 181 n. 152 baptism, 12, 16, 24, 46, 63. 80, 1016 Anabaptist baptism, 73, 107 modes of, 105, 107 Pre-Tridentine rite, 103 Barbarossa, See Frederick I Bartholomew (saint), 16, 126 Battle of Pavia, 82 Beck, Jost, suicide of, 86 beer, 89, 19 Beghards, 19, 97 Beguinages, 1819, 29 Beguines, 1819, 689, 95 Bell, Catherine, 122, 172 n. 3 bell ringer, office of, 38 Bernard (Algesheimer), Johann, 49, 76, 79, 80, 82, 97, 107 Eucharistic theology, 113 conflict with Johann Cellarius, 89 Bernard of Clairvaux (saint and chapel), 83 births, monstrous, 10810 Black Death (plague), 22 Blicker, Johannes, 32, 456, 91 death of, 967 Boppard, 68 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 17 Boniface (saint), 112 Boniface (feast), 110, 112 Bornheim, 10 tithe revolt, 612 Brant, Sebastian, 109 Braunfels, Otto, 534

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200

Priestly Resistance to the Early Reformation in Germany Forty-Six Articles and, 73 Martin Luther and, 45, 47, 56, 767, 109 refutes Augsburg Confession, 923 Cognac, League of, 82 collegiate churches, 16, 26, 28, 44, 50 appeal to the emperor for privileges/ immunity, 93 celebrate Charles Vs victory, 65 Christmas eve hindered in, 98 send emissaries to Mainz, 89 Cologne, 4, 7, 24, 68 Beguines in, 1819 Ferdinand I elected at, 12, 23, 93 Gerhard Westerburg and, 723 rejected the Reformation, 10 Columbus, Christopher, 7 Communion, See Eucharist, also Lords Supper community, See Gemeinde concubines of clergy, 16, 25, 36, 49, 51, 58, 70, 90, 128 Confessio Augustana, See Augsburg Confession confraternities, 17, 51, 69, 89 Corpus Christi (feast), 92, 11012, 117, 119, 121 Count Palatine of the Rhine, 75, 80 Cronberger (Itzstein), Philipp, 36, 38 cure of souls, 16 Church of Our Lady and, 29 St Bartholomews and, 16, 245, 103 Darnton, Robert, 117 dean, office of, 345 Degenhardt, Jakob, 34 Dickens, Charles, 94 Dietenberger, Johannes, 1718 Dolde, Peter, 32 Dominican (church and friary), 1718, 27, 667 Dominicans, 17, 54, 667 Duff y, Eamon, 5 Drer, Albrecht, 27 Eck, Johannes, 106, 128 Eckhart, Meister, 17 ego documents, 3 Emser, Hieronymus ( Jerome), 35, 128

Bromm, Hans, 73 Bucer, Martin, 21, 70, 92 Eucharistic theology, 115 influence on Frankfurt preachers, 106, 115 Strasbourg Church Order, 107 Grund und Ursach (Reason and Cause), 106 baptismal theology, 106 Bugenhagen, Johannes 92, 174 n. 43Bundschuh (peasant uprising), 83, 111 canons, 2930 income, sources of, 323 discipline of misbehaviour, 434 canons oath, See Oaths, canons Capito, Wolfgang, 21 Carmelites, 17, 50, 67, 89, 95 Carnival (Fastnacht), 63, 11920 Carnival drama (Fastnachtsspiel), 11821 Cellarius, Johannes, 89, 92, 98 chamberlain, office of, 38 chancellor, office of, 356 Charlemagne, See Charles the Great Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 11 Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 8, 12 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 14, 23, 79, 82 capture of Rome, 4, 21 collegiate churches appeal to, 93 elected German king in Frankfurt, 11 defeated Protestant princes in Schmalkaldic War, 16 Diet of Augsburg and, 12, 92 Diet of Speyer and, 801, 87 Diet of Worms and, 4, 445 victory celebrated by collegiate churches, 65 choirmaster, See precentor Chomberger, See Pfeiffer, Peter Chronicle of the Cobblers Guild, 58, 76 Church of Our Lady, See Our Lady (church and chapter) Cistercians, 83, 85 Cochlus, Johannes, 11, 17, 18, 37, 39, 44, 5961, 64, 66, 72, 82, 128 canon and dean, 4, 32, 345 De gratia sacramentorum, 59

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Index Engels, Friedrich, 57, 73 English sweating sickness, 14, 81, 91, 134 n. 65 Erasmus, Desiderius, 44, 46, 128 Eucharist, 1106 executions, 847, 113 exorcisms, 104, 108 Eyerer, Andreas, 32 Fabri, Johannes von Hanau, 32 Fagi, Johann, 66 fairs, 7, 1314, 23, 51, 59, 678, 79, 81, 91, 1256, 134 n. 59 fast days, fish and, 10 Fastnacht, See Carnival Ferdinand I, Archduke and Holy Roman Emperor, 65 aid from Frankfurt and, 82 attended Diet of Speyer, 801 Diet of Speyer and, 87 Edict of Speyer and, 88 elected in Cologne, 12, 23, 93 Ottoman Empire and, 81 Fettmilch uprising, 65 Fichard, Johann, 58 Fink, Johann, 97 Fisch, Stephan (canon and chancellor), 32, 367, 49 Fischer, David Hackett, 24 Fischer, Johann (canon), 32 fish, fast days and, 10 flagellants, 22 Forty-Two Articles, 68 Forty-Six Articles, 59, 6771, 73, 756 Francis (saint), 89 Francis I, King of France, 65, 82 Franciscans, 10, 17, 79, 89 Franciscan (church and friary), 17, 80, 89, 106, 113, 115, 128 Frankfurt am Main, city government, 1213 Franz, Gnther, 59, 68, 72 Frauenstein (patrician society), 20, 734, 129 n. 5 Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, 11 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 13 Friedberg, 68

201

Froben, Johannes, letter to Martin Luther, 14 Fronleichnam, See Corpus Christi (feast) Froschauer, Christoph, 912 funeral rituals, 945 Frstenberger, Philipp, 35, 37, 44, 54, 74, 88, 93, 105, 107 Geertz, Clifford, 1012 Gemeinde, definition of, 20 German Peasants War. See Peasants War godparents, 2, 1028 minimal requirements of, 174 n. 38 Golden Bull, 1112, 93 Gottsfrauen, See Beguines Gottshu, See Beguinages Grebel, Conrad, 72 Greff, Conrad, 2 Greff, Elizabeth, 2, 11012 Greff, Heinrich, 2, 32, 378, 945 Greff, Margareta, 2 Greiffenklau, Richard von, 75 Grieninger, Johann, 59 Gross, Michael, 82, 97 guilds, 1922, 48, 51, 58, 64, 67, 701, 736, 99 Gut Leut (leprosarium), 37, 86 Gutenberg, Johannes, 7

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Hainer Hof, 83 Hammerschmidt, Hans, See Siegen, Hans von Hanau, Johann, 39, 144 n. 145 Heinrich of Rdesheim, 85, 87 Heinrich von Ahe, 86 Henslin (Little Hans), 11, 60 Hilderich, Hieronymus, 32, 37, 95 Holy Roman Empire, description of, 11 Holzhausen, Blasius von, 14, 48 Holzhausen, Hamman von, 37, 44, 48, 51, 612, 66, 76, 80, 85, 91 Hospital Brothers of St Anthony (Antoniter), 18 Hospitallers, See St John, Order of Humbracht, Johann, 32, 96 Hutten, Ulrich von, 534

202

Priestly Resistance to the Early Reformation in Germany Luther, Martin, 18, 39, 23, 35, 4850, 53, 57, 5961, 69, 76, 82, 89, 96, 98, 109, 113 A Letter to Those at Frankfurt am Main, 11415 Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants, attends Marburg Colloquy, 91 Babylonian Captivity of the Church, 47, 105 baptism and, 106 preferred immersion, 107 Charles V and, 4 Diet of Augsburg and, 92 Eucharistic theology, 9192, 11415 exiled at Wartburg Castle, 47, 72 in Frankfurt, 17 influence on monks/nuns, 85 Little Book of Baptism in German, 106 Little Book of Baptism Revised, 106 lodges in Frankfurt with Wolf Parente, 41, 456 Marburg Colloquy and, 912 Ninety-Five Theses, 21 On Commerce and Usury, 14 On War Against the Turks, 81

Ibach, Hartmann, 4754, 62, 65 iconoclasm, 513, 98, 106, 11213, 116 immunities, clerical, 20, 55, 878, 93, 99, 126 Indagine, Johannes ab, 161 n. 6 indulgence (Ablass), 21, 256, 72, 94 Jahns, Sigrid, ix, 1, 12, 108, 115 Jeffery, Paul, 28 Jews, in Frankfurt, 223, 67, 95 Forty-Six Articles and, 68, 71, 74 Johanniterorden, See St John, Order of John of Saxony, 72 Jonas, Justus, 46, 92 Jung, Rudolf, 58 Jungel, Johannes, 95 Junghen, Conrad, 28 Kappel, Battle of, 115 Karant-Nunn, Susan, 93, 96, 105, 122 Karlstadt, Andreas, 61, 723 Klehe, Sebastian, 108, 172 n. 186 Knights of Malta, See St John, Order of Knights Revolt, 21, 61 Koch, Simon, 86 Koel, Hans, 69 Koet, Philipp, 32, 34, 43 Knigstein, Johann, 2 Kriegk, Georg Ludwig, 1819, 84 Kronberg, Hartmut von, 523

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Latin (language), 2 Latin (school), 17, 367, 44, 46, 50, 89, 98 League of Cognac, See Cognac, League of leprosarium, See Gut Leut (leprosarium) Letters of Obscure Men, 53 Liebfrauenkirche, See Our Lady (church) Limberger, Matthias, 98 Limburg, 68 Lochmann, Jodocus, 30, 32, 35, 38 Lords Supper, 11016 Dionysius Melander on, 114 Martin Bucer on, 115 Louis II, King of Hungary, 81 Ludwig V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 75 Lneburg, Ernst von, 92

Magdeburg baptismal book, 1056 Magnus, Albertus, 17 Mainz, 7, 9, 14, 16, 21, 52, 54, 60, 65, 68, 80, 83, 90, 98, 110 Archbishop of, 13, 15, 21, 28, 34, 37, 48, 623, 86, 91, 99, 106, 11112 collegiate churches send emissaries to, 89 Golden Bull establishes electorate in, 11 imposed wood embargo on Frankfurt, 10, 99 uprising of 1525 and, 57, 64, 68, 75 University of, 29, 32 Malta, Knights of, See St John, Order of Manz, Felix, 107 Marburg Colloquy, 4, 912 Marburg, University of, 4, 83 Margaretha of Mochau, Westerburg marries, 72 marriage, 19, 25, 51, 80, 122 bigamy, 70, 84 clerical, 49, 70, 82, 106

Index Marsteller, Johann, 72 Aufruhrbuch, 58 Martorff, Friedrich, 512, 66 Maximilian I, Emperor, 11, 26 Meder, Hans, 2 Medick, Hans, ix, 102 Melanchthon, Philipp, 70, 92, 105, 109 Melander, Dionysius, 23, 63, 70, 76, 7980, 82, 85, 89, 912, 978, 1078, 11315 attends Marburg Colloquy, 91 Eucharistic theology, 11314 Meyer, Peter, 524, 612, 645 Micyllus, Jakob, 98 Moeller, Bernd, 7, 8 Mohcs, Battle of, 81, 107 Moller, Caspar, 49. 148 n. 62 monks, 16, 25, 28, 457, 667, 69, 767, 837, 112 monks and friars, difference between, 135 n. 80 monstrous births, See Births, monstrous More, Thomas, 128 Mnster, 8, 68 Anabaptist Kingdom of, 23, 73 Mntzer, Thomas, 71 Murner, Thomas, 10, 106, 128 controversialist theologian, 1718 Napoleon, See Bonaparte, Napoleon Nausea, Friedrich (Grau), Bishop of Vienna, 645, 82, 106 Nesen, Wilhelm, 37, 44, 48, 53 Neuhaus, Jacob, 37, 44 Niederquell, Theodor, 30, 32, 33 Ninety-Five Theses, 21 nuns, 15, 18, 48, 83, 85, 109 Nuremberg, 7, 35, 47 Nuremberg, Diet of, 79 Nuremberg, Edict of, 63, 82 oaths, canons, 2931 citizenship, 20 dean, 34 treasurer, 38 vicars, 31 Oberrad, Cistercian nuns and, 85 Oberwesel, 68

203

Oecolampadius, Johannes, 106, 163 n. 34 On Purgatory, 723 On War Against the Turks, 81 Osnabrck, 68 Ostheim, Johann von (Schefferhenn), 2, 110 Ottoman Empire, 812, 107 Our Lady (church and chapter), 23, 5, 9, 1516, 1819, 234, 2539, 414, 47, 49, 501, 55, 67, 76, 88, 901, 937, 99, 110, 112, 1278 art and architecture, 267 school, 278, 29, 36, 43, 95, 128 Pack Affair, 87, 111 Pack, Otto von, 87 Pavia, Battle of, 82 The Peasant War in Germany, 57, 73 Peasants War, 1, 5, 21, 23, 57, 59, 61, 66, 68, 736, 84 Gerhard Westerburg and, 23, 71 Karlstadt and, 73 Twelve Articles of Upper Swabia, 689 Penitential Sisters of Mary Magdalene (Reuerinnen), 18 Pfaff, Johann, 90 Pfeffer, Bernhard, 85 Pfeiffer (Chomberger), Peter, 79, 89, 92, 97, 113 Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse, 4, 9, 13, 21, 61, 701, 83, 912 Pirckheimer, Caritas, 109 Pirckheimer, Willibald, 35, 109 Pistor, Johann, 33 plague, See Black Death pogroms, 22 polluting institutions, 15 Poor Relief, 4950, 679, 97, 126 poultry, embargoed by Philipp of Hesse, 9 Pope Leo X, 21, 35 prebendal houses, 3, 16, 25, 28, 34, 36, 39, 49, 90, 127 precentor, office of, 37 processions, religious, 33, 36, 38, 80, 101, 111, 11622, 126 Protestant, origin of name, 878

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Priestly Resistance to the Early Reformation in Germany Speyer, Edict of, 878, 92 St Anthony (church), 74 St Bartholomew (chapter), 24, 28, 48, 512, 54, 613, 667, 90, 99, 103 St Bartholomew (church), 16, 49, 523, 623, 65, 7980, 88, 106, 107, 113, 115, 116, 118 architecture, 26 St Catherine (church), 18, 478, 501, 62, 85, 89, 98, 113 St John, Order of, 18 St Leonhard (church and chapter), 16, 29, 88, 90 Steffan, Hans, 66 Stein, Wilkin, 62 Steiner, Johannes, 32 Steitz, Georg Eduard, 44, 53, 723 Steublin, Franz, 32, 43 Stiftskirchen, See Collegiate churches Storch, Nicholas, 72 Strasbourg Church Order, 107 suicide, 86, 113 Suleiman I, Ottoman Sultan, 812, 107 Swabian League, 59, 75 Sypel, Gerhard, 32, 434, 110 Tauler, Johannes, 17 Tetleben, Valentine, 901, 97 Tetrapolitan Confession, 93 Teutonic Knights, 18, 48, 74, 83, 86, 96, 118 Three Kings (church), 16, 62, 63, 65, 956, 97, 103 Torgau Articles, 92 torture, 846 treasurer, office of, 38 Trychay, Christopher, 5 Turks, 12, 812, 87, 92, 107 Twelve Articles of Upper Swabia, 689 urban revolt (1525), 1, 5, 23, 35, 56, 5777, 7980, 117, 121, 125 van Dlmen, R., on torture, 85 van Gennep, A., on rites of passage, 1024 vicar, office of, 301 vicars oath, See Oaths, vicars visitation, ecclesiastical, 90 Vom Fegfewer (On Purgatory), 72

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Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt community of, 8, 15, 16, 18, 61, 62, 63, 65, 69, 74, 85, 956, 103 sanctuary, right of, 15, 18, 86, 165 n. 71 Sartorius, Dietrich, 623 Sattler, Michael, 107 Schefferhenn (Hans Schaeffer), See Ostheim, Johann von Scheffers Kreinchen, See Weiss, Katharina Schlegel, Henrich, 32 Schmalkaldic League, 99, 115, 125 Schmalkaldic War, 16, 96, 125, 128 Schnabel, Heinrich, 91 Scholl, Bernhard, 901 Selzer, Jakob, 62 Seven-Headed Martin Luther, 109 sexuality, 49, 51, 64, 70, 84, 88, 91, 120, 122 Sickingen, Franz von, 52, 61 Siegen, Hans von, 58, 724, 76, 151 n. 7 Chronicle of the Cobblers Guild, 76 singing, Protestants and, 116, 122 Soest, Johann Steinwert von, 8 Spahn, Martin, 5960 Speyer, Diet of, (first) 801, 87, 106; (second) 2, 87

Ratschreiber (city secretary), 58 Rau, Johann, 63, 65 relics, 15, 26, 83, 98, 116, 118 religious processions, See Processions, religious rents, 33, 39, 49, 51, 6970, 83 rents, perpetual (ewige Zinsen), 42, 4950, 65, 76, 90, 125 Reuchlin Affair, 534 Reuerinnen, See Penitential Sisters of Mary Magdalene Rhein, Bechtold vom, 80, 93, 121 Ricci, Matteo, 8 rites of passage, 1024 Rituale Romanum, 103 rituals, religious, 1, 29, 39, 955, 10123 Rome, 4, 11, 212, 34, 39, 60 Rottenburg am Neckar, 107 Rubin, Miri, 117 Rucker, Ewald, 323, 434, 60 Rucker, Konrad, 32 Rter, Herman, 59

Index Warendorf, 68 Weinsberg, Hermann, Gedenkbuch and, 45 Weiss, Katharina (Scheffers Kreinchen), 58, 66, 115, 118, 128 Weifrauen. See Penitential Sisters of Mary Magdalene Westerburg, Gehard, 23, 714 Vom Fegfewer (On Purgatory), 72 Wetter, Dietmar von (abbot), 83 White Women. See Penitential Sisters of Mary Magdalene Wiesbaden, 68 Wilhelm of Strasbourg, 75 wine, cultivation of, 89 Winneck, Johannes, 90

205

Wolf, Johann, 11 woad (dyestuff ), 13 wood embargoed by Mainz, 10, 99 Forty-Six Articles and, 71 shortage of, 910 Worms (city), 22, 57. 90, 10810, 114 Diet of, 4, 447, 59, 79, 114 Edict of, 61, 81 Zapolya, John, 81 Zobel, Theoderich, 54 Zurich, 8, 64, 72, 91, 107, 114, 115 Zwickau Prophets, 72 Zwingli, Huldrych, 48, 64, 72, 89, 912, 97, 11315

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