Publications Transmittal

WSDOT SOP 731 Transmittal Number

Date 06-002 January 2006 Method for Determining Volumetric Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Publication Distribution To: All Materials Manual holders 1. Scope Publication Title Publication Number Materials Manual -Revision 2006-1 M 46-01 This procedure covers the determination of volumetric properties of Hot Mix Asphalt, i.e., Originating Organization AirVoids (Va), Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA), and Dust Washington State Department of Transportation, toBinder Ratio (P#200/P be). Materials Laboratory through Engineering Publications

2. References

Remarks and Instructions

T 329 WSDOT FOP for AASHTO Moisture Content of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Oven Remarks: Method

with Tnew 27/11 WSDOT FOP for WAQTC/AASHTO Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates . Changes are effective upon receipt.

The Materials Manual has been revised. Please remove and recycle the contents of the old Materials Manual and replace

Additional T 166 WSDOT for AASHTO copies may FOP be purchased from: Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens Washington State Department of Transportation Directional T 168 Documents WSDOT FOP for WAQTC/AASHTO and Engineering Publications Sampling of Hot Mix Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Finance and Administration

PO BOX T 20947408 WSDOT FOP for AASHTO Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Hot Olympia, WA 98504-7408 Mix Asphalt Paving Mixtures
(360) 705-7430 Phone: T 308 WSDOT FOP for AASHTO Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of HotMix Asphalt Fax: (360) 705-6861 (HMA) by the Ignition Method E-mail: engrpubs@wsdot.wa.gov

Please us if you no longer desire to receive updates, have a quantity change, or your address has changed. thee-mail Superpave Gyratory Compactor Bob Briggs at (360) 709-5411/Fax (360) 709-5588 or email briggbo@wsdot.wa.gov.

T 312 WSDOT FOP for AASHTO Preparing Hot MixAsphalt (HMA) Specimens byMeans of

questions regarding the content of this revision, contact the Regional Materials Independent Assurance Inspector or For T 712 WSDOT Test Method Standard Method of Reducing Hot Mix Asphalt PavingMixtures

3. Calibration of Compactor

a. The gyratory compactor will be calibrated in accordance with WSDOT VP-58 and according to the manufacturers established calibration procedure. Anytime the gyratory compactor is moved to a new testing site a new calibration is required in accordance with WSDOT VP-58. 4. Test Samples a. All test samples shall be obtained per WSDOT FOP for WAQTC/AASHTO T 168, and reduced in accordance with WSDOT Test Method T712. It is recommended that the gyratory test sample be the first sample acquired in order to minimize heatloss. b. The size of the gyratory sample shall be such that it will produce a compacted specimen 115.05.0mm in height. Generally, the mix design verification report from the State Materials Laboratory initial starting mass is adequate. c. Place the gyratory Documents sample in an oven set no more than 25F above the compaction Directional and (360) 705-7430 temperature (Note 1) as soon as possible to reduce sample cooling. The gyratory test is Engineering Publications FAX: 705-6861
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WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.10 January 2012

SOP 731

Method for Determining Volumetric Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt

temperature sensitive. The sample should be heated five degrees above the compaction temperature as shown on the mix design verification report. Note 1: Any change in compaction temperature must be confirmed by the temperature viscosity chart provided by the asphalt supplier, which can be obtained from the Paving Contractor.

5. Procedure a. Place a compaction mold, base plate, and top plate (if required), in an oven set at no more than 350F for a minimum of 60 minutes prior to the estimated beginning of compaction. Subsequent uses of a conditioned mold will require 5minutes of reheating. b. Place a thermometer into the center of the mix, do not stir the mixture. (Note3) Compact the sample immediately upon achieving compaction temperature inaccordance with step4(c). Note 2: While the gyratory test sample is heating it is beneficial to prepare and/or run the other tests as times permits.

c. Perform the sample compaction in accordance with WSDOT FOP for AASHTO T312 Section9. d. Determine theoretical maximum density per WSDOT FOP for AASHTO T 209. e. Determine asphalt content and gradation per WSDOT FOP for AASHTO T 308 and WSDOT FOP for WAQTC/AASHTO T27/11. f. Determine moisture content per WSDOT FOP for AASHTO T 329. g. Allow the gyratory compacted specimen to cool at room temperature for 15 to 24hours. Determine the Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) of the specimen in accordance with WSDOT FOP for AASHTO T166 Method A. Note 3: For repeatability between operators the retest sample should be cooled for the same amount of time at room temperature as the original specimen. When sending retest samples to the Region or State Laboratory, note the time the original sample was cooled at room temperature in the remarks section of thetransmittal.

6. Volumetric Calculations Calculations

T731
6.a
Example:
%G @N G 100 G

T731 %G @ N a. Calculate mm design as follows:

6.a
%G @N G 100 G

Where: 2.383 %G @N = % 100 9.6% %G @Ndesign theoretical maximum specific gravity @ Ndesign mm 2.493 = Gmb Bulk specific gravity of6.b the compacted specimen = Maximum specific gravity of the paving mixture Gmm G %G @N 100 = Number of design gyrations Ndesign G

%G @N

2.383 100 9.6% 2.493

6.b

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%G @N 100 %G @N 100

G G

2.383 110.0

8.4%

%G @N 100

2.383 110.0 8.4% 2.493 123.1 M 46-01.10 WSDOT Materials Manual

January 2012

 %G 100 9.6% 2.493 T 731 100 @N %G @N G 2.383 2.493 G G %G @N 100 9.6% %G @N 100 2.493 Asphalt 2.383 G Method for Determining Volumetric SOP 731 Properties of Hot Mix 6.a %G @N 2.383 100 9.6% 2.493 T 731 %G @N 2.383 100 9.6% G 2.493 @N 100 %G %G @N 100 9.6% 6.b 6.b G 2.493 b. Calculate %Gmm @N G 6.a ini as follows: 6.b 100 G %G @N %G @N 1002.383 G G G Example: 9.6% 6.b @N %G 100 %G @N 100 G 100 %G @N G 2.493 6.b G G 2.383 110.0 %G 8.4% %G @N 100 2.383 110.0 6.b @N 100 G G 8.4% %G 2.493 123.1 @N 100 %G @N 1002.383 G 2.383 110.0 2.493 123.1 %G @N 100 9.6% G 8.4% %G @N 100 %G @N 1002.493 Where: 2.493 123.1 2.383 110.0 G 6.b = Percent maximum @N ini 100 2.383 8.4% %G %G @N theoretical specific gravity @ Ninitial mm 2.493 110.0 123.1 8.4% @N 100 %G G = Height hd of specimen gyration level 2.383 110.0 2.493 123.1 at design %G @N 100 6.c @N 100 8.4% %G G = Height 6.cdesign gyration level hi of specimen at initial 2.493 123.1 6.b = Number of initial gyrations 6.c 1 G Ninitial G V 100 G 2.383 110.0 V 100 1 G G %G 8.4% %G @N 100G 6.c @N 100 G V 100 1 2.493 123.1 c. Calculate Air Voids (Va) as follow: 6.c G G 2.383 Example: 6.c 100 1 G 110.0 V 2.383 4.4% 100 1 V 2.383 4.4% V 100 1 G 100 1 V 2.493 8.4% %G G @N 100G 2.383 2.493 123.1 2.493 V 100 1 4.4% V 100 1 G 2.493 2.383 6.c V 100 1 2.383 4.4% Where: G 4.4% V 100 1 2.493 2.383 V 2.493 100 1 = Percent air voids 100 1 4.4% V V 6.d G a 2.493 6.c 6.d G 6.d G d. Calculate Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA) as VMA follows: 100 G 2.383 V VMA 100 G 100 1 100 1 4.4% V G G 6.d G 2.493 VMA 100 Example: 6.d G 94.8 2.383 G 6.d 100 G VMA 2.383 94.8 2.383 VMA 100 14.1% G 1 4.4% V 100 VMA 100 2.383 VMA 100 2.630 94.8 14.1% G 2.493 2.630 G VMA 100 VMA 100 14.1% G 94.8 2.630 2.383 6.d Where: VMA 100 2.383 94.8 14.1% 2.630 G of aggregate in the mixture (100-Pb) = Percent VMAP 2.383 s 100 94.8 14.1% VMA 100 2.630 VMA 100 14.1% 6.e G 2.630 6.d 6.e Example: VMA V 6.e VMA V G VA 100 94.8 2.383 100% mix 5.2% asphalt VMA = 94.8% VA 100 VMA 100 VMA 100 14.1% VMA V VMA G 6.e aggregate 2.630 VA 100 6.e VMA 14.1 4.4 VMA V Where: 14.1 4.4 68.8% VA 100 VA 100 VMA 6.e V 2.383 94.8 VA 100 14.1 14.1 4.4 68.8% VMA = G Bulk specific gravity of the combined aggregate VA 100 VMA 14.1% sb100 VMA 14.1 2.630 V VMA 68.8% VA 100 = Voids in Mineral Aggregate, percent VA VMA 100 14.1 14.1 4.4 VMA 6.e VA 100 14.1 4.4 68.8% 14.1 with VA 100 14.1 68.8% e. Calculate Voids Filled Asphalt (VFA) as follows: VMA V 4.4 14.1 VA 100 68.8% VA 100 VMA 14.1 Example:

6.e

Where: 14.1 4.4 68.8% VA VFA 100 = Voids Filled with Asphalt, percent 14.1

VMA V VA 100 VMA

14.1 4.4 68.8% VA 100 14.1

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.10 January 2012

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6.b (2)
SOP 731

6.d (1)
Method for Determining Volumetric Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt

6.f G mb Ps 2.383 110.0 %G mm @N ini = 100 .4% = 100 - = 85VMA 100 P 2.493 123.1 G sb G f. Calculate Gravity Stone Effective (Gse) as follows: 100 P 6.f
6.d (1) 100 P G 100 P G G 6.d (2) G

Example:

G mb Ps (2.383 94.8) Where: VMA =100 100 VMA = 100 - = 14.1% 5.2G 2.630 sb = 2.0 G Gse 100 Gravity Stone Effective (specific gravity of aggregates, excluding 5.2 voidspermeable to asphalt) 2.493 1.025 6.g Pb = Percent of binder P G G G 6.g (1) 6.dG (2) = Gravity binder P P b
G G

100 5.2 2.0 100 5.2 2.493 1.025

Note 6.g 4: Gb is the specific gravity of the asphalt binder. It is imperative that current Gb is used
94. gravity 1.0252.0 2.30 (Ps (2.383 94 .8) G b )(G in the volumetric calculations. Any changes in the binder specific se G sb )must be confirmed P G G 5.2 P G VMA = 100 = 14 . 1 % P P = be b P P provided by the asphalt (supplier, 2.30 by temperature viscosity curve which the 2.630 G se G2.0 sb ) can be obtained G G from the paving Contractor. 94. 1.0252.0 2.30 2.0 2.30

g. P Calculate Percent Binder Effective (Pbe) as6.g follows: 5.2 (2) 6.g (1)

Example:

(Ps G b )(G se G sb ) (94.8 1.025)(2.706 2.630 ) Pbe = Pb Pbe = 5.2 = 4.2 (G se G sb ) (2.706 2.630) Where: Pbe = Percent binder effective, the percent by mass of effective asphalt content 6.g (2) minus the quantity of binder lost by absorption into the aggregate particles. Ps = Percent of aggregate in the mixture Gb = Gravity binder (94.8 1.025)(2.706 2.630 ) = Effective specific gravity of the PbeG 5.2 = 4.2 = se aggregate ( ) 2.706 2.630 specific gravity of the combined Gsb = Bulk aggregate = Pb Percent of binder
h. Calculate dust-to-binder ratio (P200/Pbe) as follows:

P200/Pbe = P200 Pbe

Example: 5.0 3.6 = 1.4

Where: P200/Pbe = Dust-to-binder ratio = Percent of aggregate passing the No. 200 sieve P200 7. Report Report the results using one or more of the following of the following: Materials Testing System (MATS) WSDOT Form 350-560 EF for asphalt content, gradation, and moisture content WSDOT Form 350-162 for volumetric properties Form approved in writing by the State Materials Engineer

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WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.10 January 2012