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Handley Pages 558 through 563 Aim: Students will be able to identify the ways in which African Americans were still being kept back in America. Key Terms: 1. Poll tax -- A tax you had to pay before you could vote 2. Literacy test A test you had to pass in order to vote; a person would have to read a part of The Constitution and explain it. 3. Segregation Enforced separation of races 4. Homer Plessy A black man who sat in a coach that was marked for whites only 5. Jim Crowe Laws/Segregation lawslaws that prohibited blacks and whites from mixing together

SummaryThe South experienced reforms during the Reconstruction but many of them were temporary. After Reconstruction ended, African Americans were subjected to new hardships and injustices. It would take more than a century (100 years) to overcome these injustices. Radical Republicans began to lose power as people moved on after the Civil War and began to better their lives. President Grant who was REPUBLICAN, also hurt the Republican party although he did not mean to. He appointed many friends to important public offices. These friends turned out to be corrupt and hurt Grant s reputation. He won reelection but many Northerners lost faith in the Republican Party and their policies. With the loss of Republican support, the democrats began to take back the south state by state. By 1874 the Democrats had all but three southern states back in control. Much control was achieved by the secret societies such as the KKK In 1876 Grant s presidency ended. The new candidates were Republican nominee --- Rutherford B. Hayes --WANTED TO CONTINUE Reconstruction Democratic nomineeSamuel J. Tiden ----Wanted to end Reconstruction Tilden had the popular vote but lost in the electoral college by one vote.

A special committee was set up to settle the score. The committee was made of 15 republicans and five democrats. Hayes swayed votes by secretly promising to end reconstruction so the Democrats didnt vote against him. Once in office, Hayes removed Union troops in the south. (SNEAKY) HOW WERE BLACKS PREVENTED FROM VOTING? 3 WAYS! 1. Poll TaxA tax (or fee of money) that people had to pay before they could vote 2. Literacy Test- A test that people had to pass before they could vote. People would have to a part of the Constitution and explain it. 3. Grandfather Clause- A clause (a loop hole) that allowed illiterate white men to vote. The clause said that a man did not have to take the literacy test to vote IF: his father or grandfather was able to vote on January 1, 1867. This was SNEAKY because NO AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN could vote BEFORE 1868 so nearly all blacks were now denied the right to vote.

The Jim Crow Laws.

The Jim Crow Laws (or segregation laws) were laws that were set up to keep whites and blacks separate. The laws stated that there must be separate playgrouds, restaurants, and schools. Blacks would have to take back seats or separate cars on railroads and streetcars. HOMER PLESSY VS FERGUSON Homer Plessy was an African American who sat in a coach seat which was reserved for whites only. The case was brought to court and the court decided that it was legal to segregate the races. The law said that each should have separate BUT EQUAL things. Things were rarely EQUAL though the law required it. Public schools for example were not as nice and were of poor quality. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH --- copy from white board---teachers notes