APES- Environmental History and Law- Presentation (Guided Viewing)

1: What are the 4 stages of American Environmental History? 1. The hunter gatherer society, 2.the agricultural revolution, 3. The industrial/medical revolution and 4. The information/globalization revolution. 2: Why were the Hunter-Gatherers considered to have a low environmental impact?
They had low populations, used only the necessary amount of resources, and they there nomadic.

3: Why do you think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the Greatest Mistake in Human History?
Jared diamond knew that the agricultural revolution brought on more waste and more habitat destruction.

4: Contrast the Good and Bad of the Agricultural Revolution: Good

More food Supported a larger population Long life expectancy Higher standard of living for many people

Bad
Destruction of wildlife habitats from clearing forests and grasslands. Killing of wild animals feeding on grass or crops. Fertile land turned into desert by livestock overgrazing Soil eroded into streams and lakes

Formation of villages, towns, and cities Towns and cities concentrated waste and
pollution and increased spread of disease.

Towns and cities served as centers for Increase in armed conflict and slavery trade, government and religion. ownership.

5: What are the Roots of abuse in the American Frontier Era? 1. The first colonists; 2. Guns, axes and wheels; 3. Manifest destiny;4. Westward expansion, 5. fast unlimited resources

6: Look at the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory- what happened to the Buffalo over a short period of time?
The amount of buffalo territory decreased in a short amount of time.

7: List HOW the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment.

The shift from renewable wood to non-renewable fuels as well as the switch from local production to large-scale manufacturing production. The appearances of towns, people moving from rural to urban areas.the increase of habitat destruction and pollutions.

8: List the GOOD and Bad news of the Industrial-Medical Revolution Good
Mass production of useful and affordable products.

Bad
Increased air pollution

Higher standards of living for many. Increased water pollution Greatly increased agricultural production Lower infant mortality Longer life expectancy Increased urbanization Increased waste production Soil depletion and degradation Groundwater depletion Habitat destruction and degradation Biodiversity depletion

9: List some events of the Early Conservation Era:

Government and nongovernment groups are forming to protect natural resources. Many laws and acts were passed The great depression World wars Growing sense of environmental responsibility

10: Explain how each of the following Early Environmentalists impacted the environmental movement: * Henry David Thoreau Henry was an author that wrote about the wildlife in the Massachusetts area. He wrote the Walden Pond and the life in the Woods * George Perkins Marsh
Gorge was a writer and he wrote about the collapse of civilization in Man and Nature(1864)

* John Wesley Powell

Powell was the first advocate for the regulation of land use.

* President Grant
Grant created the Yellowstone National park act in 1872.

* President Harrison
Harrison passed a law that stated that presidents could set aside lands for national parks and forests.

* John Muir
Muir founded the sierra club in 1892

* Gifford Pinchot
Pinchot was the first chief US forester

* Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt created more than 40 wildlife refuges and tripled forest reserves.

* Stephen Mather
Mather was the first head of park service

11: What was the 1st federal land restoration project?

The Tennessee valley Authority (TVA)

12: What were the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) responsible for?
They planted trees, managed erosion control, nature trails and more.

13: Why was the Taylor Grazing Act important to the environment? Explain.
The taylor grazing act regulated the grazing of public land.

14: Why was WWII the end of the Conservation Era?

15: When did the environmental era start? Who was responsible for starting the movement? How?
In 1960, Rachel carson began the environmental movement. Public sense of earths vulnerability.

16: Who was Aldo Leopold?

Leopold was an environmental philosophic that brought to light how humans are just a part of a community that includes the plants and animals.

17: When was the 1st official Earth Day?

Janurary 1 1970
st

18: What were some key legislation in the 60s, 70s and 80s?

The wilderness act of `964, the wild and scenic rivers act of 1968, the national environment policy act of 1969.

19: What is the EPA? What are they responsible for? They are the environmental protection agency. They give money to people that study and improve environmental quality.

20: Who are the NRCS? What are they responsible for? What about CITES?
They are the natural resources conservation services. The monitor private land on their soil, water and conservation methods. Cities is the convention on international trade in endangered species. They penalize those who trade in endangered species or their body parts.

21: List the following: * Montreal Protocol:

The 1987 international agreement, initiated by UNEP to phase out use of ozone-depleting chemicals.

* IPCC:
Intergovernment panel on climate change established in 1998. They monitor and share reports on atmospheric change.

* Kyoto Protocol:

22: List some of the important U.S. Environmental Laws below: The clean air act, the clean water act, NEPA, the wilderness act, FIRA, marine protection act, safe drinking water act, the endangered species act, TSCA, the resource conservation and recovery act.