// DataTypes.cs using System; class DataTypes { static void Main() { Console.

WriteLine("The minimum and maximum sizes of C#'s datatypes:\ n"); Console.WriteLine("sbyte\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", sbyte.MinValue, sby te.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("byte\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", byte.MinValue, byte. MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("short\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", short.MinValue, sho rt.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("ushort\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", ushort.MinValue, u short.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("int\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", int.MinValue, int.Max Value); Console.WriteLine("uint\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", uint.MinValue, uint. MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("long\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", long.MinValue, long. MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("ulong\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", ulong.MinValue, ulo ng.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("float\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", float.MinValue, flo at.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("double\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", double.MinValue, d ouble.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine("decimal\nMin: {0}\nMax: {1}\n", decimal.MinValue, decimal.MaxValue); Console.ReadLine(); // Keep the console opened until you press Enter } }

The output of the program is:

The minimum and maximum sizes of C#'s datatypes: sbyte Min: -128 Max: 127 byte Min: 0 Max: 255 short Min: -32768 Max: 32767 ushort Min: 0 Max: 65535 int

Min: -2147483648 Max: 2147483647 uint Min: 0 Max: 4,294,967,295 long Min: -9223372036854775808 Max: 9223372036854775807 ulong Min: 0 Max: 18446744073709551615 float Min: -3.402823E+38 Max: 3.402823E+38 double Min: -1.79769313486232E+308 Max: 1.79769313486232E+308 decimal Min: -79228162514264337593543950335 Max: 79228162514264337593543950335

sbyte is the signed version of byte (8 bits); short is the signed version of ushort (16 bits); int is the signed version of uint (32 bits); long is the signed version of ulong (64 bits); The 'char' type stores a single character; The 'string' data type stores multiple characters;

-----------Java The Java programming language is statically-typed, which means that all variable s must first be declared before they can be used. This involves stating the vari able's type and name, as you've already seen: int gear = 1; Doing so tells your program that a field named "gear" exists, holds numerical da ta, and has an initial value of "1". A variable's data type determines the value s it may contain, plus the operations that may be performed on it. In addition t o int, the Java programming language supports seven other primitive data types. A primitive type is predefined by the language and is named by a reserved keywor d. Primitive values do not share state with other primitive values. The eight pr imitive data types supported by the Java programming language are: byte: The byte data type is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a mi nimum value of -128 and a maximum value of 127 (inclusive). The byte data type c an be useful for saving memory in large arrays, where the memory savings actuall

y matters. They can also be used in place of int where their limits help to clar ify your code; the fact that a variable's range is limited can serve as a form o f documentation. short: The short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of -32,768 and a maximum value of 32,767 (inclusive). As with byte , the same guidelines apply: you can use a short to save memory in large arrays, in situations where the memory savings actually matters. int: By default, the int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer, w hich has a minimum value of -231 and a maximum value of 231-1. In Java SE 8 and later, you can use the int data type to represent an unsigned 32-bit integer, wh ich has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 232-1. Use the Integer class to use int data type as an unsigned integer. See the section The Number Classes for more information. Static methods like compareUnsigned, divideUnsigned etc h ave been added to the Integer class to support the arithmetic operations for uns igned integers. long: The long data type is a 64-bit two's complement integer. The signed long ha s a minimum value of -263 and a maximum value of 263-1. In Java SE 8 and later, you can use the long data type to represent an unsigned 64-bit long, which has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 264-1. The unsigned long has a minimu m value of 0 and maximum value of 264-1. Use this data type when you need a rang e of values wider than those provided by int. The Long class also contains metho ds like compareUnsigned, divideUnsigned etc to support arithmetic operations for unsigned long. float: The float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point. Its range of values is beyond the scope of this discussion, but is specified in the Floating-Point Types, Formats, and Values section of the Java Language Speci fication. As with the recommendations for byte and short, use a float (instead o f double) if you need to save memory in large arrays of floating point numbers. This data type should never be used for precise values, such as currency. For th at, you will need to use the java.math.BigDecimal class instead. Numbers and Str ings covers BigDecimal and other useful classes provided by the Java platform. double: The double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point . Its range of values is beyond the scope of this discussion, but is specified i n the Floating-Point Types, Formats, and Values section of the Java Language Spe cification. For decimal values, this data type is generally the default choice. As mentioned above, this data type should never be used for precise values, such as currency. boolean: The boolean data type has only two possible values: true and false. Use this data type for simple flags that track true/false conditions. This data type represents one bit of information, but its "size" isn't something that's precis ely defined. char: The char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. It has a minimum v alue of '\u0000' (or 0) and a maximum value of '\uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive).