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!*icina, p,ants an* th!ir prop!rti!s

Foreword Th! #!g!ta-,! wor,* compris!s thr!! main gro.ps of p,ants: S.p!rior/ 0nt!rm!*iar( an* 0nf!rior. Th!s! !ncompass -act!ria/ microscopic a,ga!/ m.shrooms/ f!rns/ -r.sh!s an* tr!!s/ among oth!rs. Th!ir i*!ntification is a tas1 of sp!cia,ists an* th! ,imit -!tw!!n th! #!g!ta, an* anima, wor,* is not c,!ar. To simp,if( matt!rs/ w! consi*!r p,ants thos! r!cogni2!* as s.ch -( or*inar( p!op,!. Boo1s a-o.t m!*icina, prop!rti!s of #!g!ta-,!s norma,,( s!!m to tr!at *iff!r!nt,( h!r-s an* m!*icina, p,ants. How!#!r/ h!r-s ar! s!!* pro*.cing ann.a,/ -i!nnia, or p!r!nnia, p,ants that *o not *!#!,op a p!rsist!nt woo*( tiss.!. P!rhaps -!ca.s! h!r-s ha#! s.ch an important historica, an* tra*ition in h!a,ing/ som!tim!s th!( ar! tr!at!* as a sp!cia, cat!gor( of p,ants i.!./ thos! partic.,ar,( #a,.!* for th!ir m!*icina,/ sa#or( or aromatic 3.a,iti!s. 0n th! fo,,owing ,ist/ h!r-s ar! consi*!r!* as m!*icina, p,ants an* ta1!n on,( for th!ir m!*icina, or aromatic prop!rti!s. Sinc! th! tra*itiona, or pop.,ar nam! of m!*icina, p,ants #ari!s so m.ch accor*ing to r!giona, an* c.,t.ra, asp!cts/ th! ha#! -!!n gro.p!* a,pha-!tica,,( accor*ing to th!ir most common Eng,ish nam!. Th! sci!ntific *!signation fo,,ows in !ach cas!.

Prop!rti!s an* .s!s

45 ALOE 6ERA Aloe vera syn. A. barbadensis 7Li,iac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES 8ati#! to Africa/ aloe vera is common,( c.,ti#at!* !,s!wh!r!. Th! c,!ar g!, fo.n* insi*! th! p,ant9s ,!af an* th! cr(sta,,in! part fo.n* a,ongsi*! th! ,!af -,a*!/ which contains aloin/ ar! -oth .s!* for m!*icina, an* cosm!tic p.rpos!s. Th! c,!ar g!, is a

r!mar1a-,( !ff!cti#! h!a,!r of wo.n*s an* -.rns/ sp!!*ing .p th! rat! of h!a,ing an* r!*.cing th! ris1 of inf!ction. Th! -rownish part containing aloin is a strong ,a:ati#!/ .s!f., for short;t!rm constipation. A,o! is pr!s!nt in man( cosm!tic9s form.,a! -!ca.s! its !mo,,i!nt an* scar pr!#!nting prop!rti!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

H!a,s wo.n*s/ !mo,,i!nt/ ,a:ati#!.

"5 A8&EL0CA Angelica arcangelica 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES Ang!,ica has a ,ong;stan*ing r!cor* as a pri2!* m!*icina, h!ran* has -!!n m!ntion!* -( E.rop!an h!r-a,ist sinc! th! 4+th C!nt.r(. Ang!,ica has -!!n .s!* to r!*.c! m.sc.,ar spasms in asthma an* -ronchitis. 0t has a,so -!!n shown to !as! rh!.matic inf,ammation/ to r!g.,at! m!nstr.a, f,ow an* as an app!tit! stim.,ant. Th! st!ms ar! can*i!* for c.,inar( .s!.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Antispasmo*ic/

promot!s m!nstr.a, f,ow.

<5 A80SE Pimpinella anisum 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES Anis! has -!!n c.,ti#at!* in Eg(pt an* 1nown to th! &r!!1s/ Romans an* Ara-s/ who nam!* th! p,ant anysun. Sinc! Anti3.it( it has -!!n .s!* as a f,a#oring spic! in r!cip!s an* as a *i.r!tic/ to tr!at *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms an* to r!,i!#! toothach!. Anis! s!!*s ar! 1nown for th!ir a-i,it( to r!*.c! f,at.,!nc! an* co,ic/ an* to s!tt,! th! *ig!stion. Th!( ar! common,( gi#!n to infants an* chi,*r!n to r!,i!#! co,ic/ an* to p!op,! of a,, ag!s to !as! na.s!a an* in*ig!stion. 0t a,so has an !:p!ctorant an* antispasmo*ics action that is h!,pf., in co.nt!ring p!rio* pain/ asthma/ whooping co.gh an* -ronchitis. Th! mi,* hormona, action of anis! s!!*s ma( !:p,ain its a-i,it( to incr!as! -r!ast;mi,1 pro*.ction an* its r!p.tation for !asing chi,*-irth an* tr!ating impot!nc! an* frigi*it(. Anis! !ss!ntia, oi, is .s!* !:t!rna,,( to tr!at ,ic! an* sca-i!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: R!*.c!s co,ic an* f,at.,!nc!/ promot!s *ig!stion/ antispasmo*ic

=5 AR80CA

Arnica montana 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES Arnica has -!!n .s!* !:t!nsi#!,( in E.rop!an fo,1 m!*icin!. Th! &!rman phi,osoph!r an* po!t &o!th! 74>=?;4@<"5/ c,aim!* arnica for !as! his angina in o,* ag!. H!r-a,ism an* hom!opath( .s! arnica !:tracts/ ointm!nts an* compr!ss!s to r!*.c! inf,ammation an* pain from -r.is!s/ sprains/ t!n*ons/ *is,ocations an* swo,,!n ar!as. Arnica impro#!s th! ,oca, -,oo* s.pp,( an* acc!,!rat!s h!a,ing. 0t is anti;inf,ammator( an* incr!as!s th! rat! of r!; a-sorption of int!rna, -,!!*ing. Th! int!rna, .s! of arnica is r!strict!* to hom!opathic *osag!s as it is pot!ntia,,( to:ic.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/

g!rmici*!/ m.sc.,ar

sor!n!ss/ pain r! ,!a#ing. +5 ARROAROOT Maranta arundinacea 7 arantac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES Arrowroot is nati#! to So.th Am!rica an* th! Cari--!an. Th! ,oca, in*ig!no.s p!op,! .s! its root as a po.,tic! for sma,,po: sor!s/ an* as an inf.sion for .rinar( inf!ctions. Arrowroot is .s!* in h!r-a, m!*icin! in m.ch th! sam! mann!r as s,ipp!r( !,m 7Ulmus Rubra5/ as a soothing *!m.,c!nt an* a n.tri!nt of -!n!fit in con#a,!sc!nc! an* for !asing *ig!stion. 0t h!,ps to r!,i!#! aci*it(/ in*ig!stion an* co,ic/ an* is mi,*,( ,a:ati#!. 0t ma( -! app,i!* as an ointm!nt or po.,tic! mi:!* with som! oth!r antis!ptic h!r-s s.ch as comfr!(.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/

*ig!sti#!/ antis!ptic.

B5 ARTE 0S0A/ AOR AOOC Artemisia absinthium 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES Th! nam! of this p,ant *!ri#!s from its -itt!rn!ss/ from absinthia/ th! Roman wor* for D-itt!rD. This prop!rt( is .s!* for pro#i*ing -itt!r tast! to som! w!,, 1nown -!#!rag!s an* ,i3.ors. Aormwoo* has a mar1!* tonic !ff!ct on th! stomach/ th! ga,,-,a**!r an* in a*E.sting w!a1 *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms. 0t is .s!* to !:p!, ro.n*worms an* thr!a*worms. B( impro#ing th! f.nctions of th! *ig!sti#! s(st!m it h!,ps in man( con*itions/ inc,.*ing

ana!mia. 0t is a,so a m.sc,! r!,a:!r occasiona,,( .s!* to tr!at rh!.matism. Th! ,!a#!s of wormwoo* ha#! antis!ptic prop!rti!s which ma( *!ri#! from th! a2.,!n!s that th! p,ant contains.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Bitt!r/ carminati#!/ m.sc,! r!,a:!r/ antis!ptic.

>5 BAS0L/ HOLY BAS0L Ocimum sanctum 7La-iata!5 H0STORY an* USES Ho,( -asi,/ ,i1! sw!!t 7c.,inar(5 -asi,/ com!s from 0n*ia wh!r! it is r!#!r!* as a sacr!* h!r-. Th! Eg(ptians -.rn!* a mi:t.r! of -asi, an* m(rrh to app!as! th!ir go*s. Sw!!t Basi, 7Ocimum basilicum5 was intro*.c!* in E.rop! as a s!asoning for foo*. Th! h!r- has #!r( important m!*icina, prop!rti!s ; nota-,( its a-i,it( to r!*.c! -,oo* s.gar ,!#!,s. 0t a,so pr!#!nts p!ptic .,c!rs an* oth!r str!ss r!,at!* con*itions ,i1! h(p!rt!nsion/ co,itis an* asthma. Basi, is a,so .s!* to tr!at co,* an* r!*.c! f!#!r/ cong!stion an* Eoint pain. C.! to its anti;-act!ria, an* f.ngici*! action/ -asi, ,!a#!s ar! .s!* on itching s1in/ ins!ct -iting an* s1in aff!ctions. Low!rs -,oo* s.gar ,!#!,s/ antispasmo*ic/ ana,g!sic/ ,ow!rs -,oo* pr!ss.r!/ r!*.c!s f!#!r/ f.ngici*a,/ anti; inf,ammator(.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

@5 BELLACO8A/ CEACLY 80T0&HTSHACE Atropa belladonna 7So,anac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES C!a*,( nightsha*! is nati#! to E.rop!/ w!st!rn Asia an* north!rn Africa. erba bella dona/ or Dh!r- of th! -!a.tif., ,a*(D is 1nown for its poisono.s !ff!cts 7-!,,a*onna incr!as!s h!art-!at an* can ,!a* to *!ath5/ ,i1! man( oth!r p,ants it is an important an* -!n!ficia, r!m!*( wh!n .s!* corr!ct,(. B!,,a*onna contains atropine .s!* in con#!ntiona, m!*icin! to *i,at! th! p.pi,s for !(! !:aminations an* as an an!sth!tic. 0n h!r-a, m!*icin!/ *!a*,( nightsha*! is main,( pr!scri-!* to r!,i!#! int!stina, co,ic/ to tr!at p!ptic .,c!rs an* to r!,a: *ist!n*!* organs/ !sp!cia,,( th! stomach an* int!stin!. C!a*,( nightsha*! is a,so .s!* as an ana!sth!tic in con#!ntiona, m!*icin!. Smooth m.sc,!/ antispasmo*ic/ narcotic/ r!*.c!s sw!ating/ s!*ati#!.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

?5 BE8FO08 &U !tyra" ben#oin 7St(rac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES B!n2oin is a tr!! nati#! to So.th;East Asia. 0ts tr.n1 !:.*!s a g.m w!,, 1nown for its strong astring!nt an* antis!ptic action. Gor this r!ason it is .s!* !:t!rna,,( to fight tiss.! inf,ammation an* *isinf!ction of wo.n*s. Ah!n ta1!n int!rna,,(/ -!n2oin g.m acts to s!tt,! griping pain/ to stim.,at! co.ghing/ an* to *isinf!ct th! .rinar( tract. B!n2oin g.m is wi*!,( .s!* in cosm!tics as an antio:i*ant in oi,s/ as a fi:ati#! in p!rf.m!s an* as an a**iti#! to soaps. Ah!n st!am inha,!*/ it h!,ps h!a,ing sor! throats/ h!a* an* ch!st co,*s/ asthma an* -ronchitis.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ astring!nt/ anti;inf,ammator(.

4H5 BER&A OT $itrus bergamia syn. $. aurantium var. bergamia 7R.tac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES B!rgamot oi,/ !:pr!ss!* from th! p!!,/ assists in a#oi*ing inf!ctio.s *is!as!s. 0n cosm!tics it is .s!* in pr!#!nting oi,( s1in/ acn!/ psoriasis an* acn!. Th! oi, 7or constit.!nts of it5 ar! som!tim!s a**!* to s.n;tanning oi,s. B!rgamot oi, is a,so .s!* to r!,i!#! t!nsion/ r!,a: m.sc,! spasms an* impro#! *ig!stion.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Cisinf!ctant/

m.sc,! r!,a:ant.

445 B0TTER ORA8&E $itrus aurantium 7R.tac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES Th! -itt!r orang!/ nati#! to tropica, Asia/ has pro#i*!* foo* an* m!*icin! for tho.san*s of (!ars. 0ts oi, contains flavonoids which ar! anti;inf,ammator(/ anti-act!ria, an* antif.nga,. Bitt!r orang! E.ic! is rich in #itamin C which h!,ps th! imm.n! s(st!m. As an inf.sion/ it h!,ps to r!,i!#! f!#!r/ sooth! h!a*ach!s an* ,ow!r f!#!r. 0t (i!,*s neroli oi, from its f,ow!rs/ an* th! oi, 1nown as petitgrain from its ,!a#!s an* (o.ng shoots. Both *isti,,at!s ar! .s!* !:t!nsi#!,( in p!rf.m!r(. Orang! f,ow!r wat!r is a -(; pro*.ct of *isti,,ation an* is .s!* in p!rf.m!r( an* to f,a#or sw!!ts an* -isc.its/ as w!,, as -!ing .s!* m!*icina,,( to r!*.c!

h!art rat! an* pa,pitations/ to !nco.rag! s,!!p an* ca,m th! *ig!sti#! tract.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/

antif.nga,/ anti-act!ria,/

*ig!sti#!. 4"5 BOLCO Peumus boldus 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES Bo,*o is a tr!! origina, from th! Chi,!an An*!s. 0t acti#at!s th! s!cr!tion of sa,i#a an* gastric E.ic!s. %oldine/ on! of its constit.!nts/ in*.c!s th! f,ow of -i,! as w!,, as th! tota, amo.nt of so,i*s that it !:cr!t!s. 0ts prot!cti#! action o#!r th! h!patic c!,,s has -!!n *!monstrat!* Din #itroD an* Din #i#oD. Bo,*o stim.,at!s ,i#!r acti#it( an* -i,! f,ow an* is chi!f,( #a,.!* as a r!m!*( for ga,,ston!s an* ,i#!r or ga,,-,a**!r pain. 0t is norma,,( ta1!n for a f!w w!!1s at a tim!/ !ith!r as a tinct.r! or inf.sion. Bo,*o a,so has antis!ptic prop!rti!s which h!,p in com-ating c(stitis.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Bi,!

an* ,i#!r acti#it( stim.,ant/ *ig!sti#!.

4<5 CALE8CULA/

AR0&OLC

$alendula officinallis 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES arigo,* is on! of th! -!st h!r-s for tr!ating ,oca, s1in pro-,!ms. 0nf.sions or *!coctions of Ca,!n*.,a p!ta,s *!cr!as! th! inf,ammation of sprains/ stings/ #aricos!/#!ins an* oth!r sw!,,ings an* a,so sooth!s -.rns/ s.n-.rns/ rash!s an* s1in irritations. Th!s! r!m!*i!s ar! !:c!,,!nt for inf,am!* an* -r.is!* s1in/ th!ir antis!ptic an* h!a,ing prop!rti!s h!,ping to pr!#!nt th! spr!a* of inf!ction an* acc!,!rat! th! h!a,ing. arigo,* is a,so a c,!ansing an* *!to:if(ing h!r-/ an* th! inf.sion an* tinct.r! ar! .s!* to tr!at chronic inf!ctions. Ta1!n int!rna,,(/ it has -!!n .s!* tra*itiona,,( to promot! th! *raining of swo,,!n ,(mph g,an*s s.ch as tonsi,,itis.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/ astring!nt/ h!a,s wo.n*s/ antis!ptic/ *!to:if(ing.

4=5 CA PHOR $innamomum camphora syn. &aurus camphora 7La.rac!a!5

H0STORY an* USES Camphor tr!!s ar! nati#! to China an* Iapan an* ar! c.,ti#at!* for its woo* for th! !:traction of camphor oi,. arco Po,o was th! first to not! that th! Chin!s! .s!* camphor oi, as a m!*icin!/ sc!nt an* !m-a,ming f,.i*. Camphor cr(sta,s ha#! strong antis!ptic/ stim.,ant an* antispasmo*ic prop!rti!s an* ar! app,i!* !:t!rna,,( as .ng.!nts or -a,ms as a co.nt!r;irritant an* ana,g!sic ,inim!nt to r!,i!#! arthritic an* rh!.matic pains/ n!.ra,gia an* -ac1 pain. 0t ma( a,so -! app,i!* to s1in pro-,!ms/ s.ch as co,* sor!s an* chi,-,ains/ an* .s!* as a ch!st r.- for -ronchitis an* oth!r ch!st inf!ctions.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Antis!ptic/

antispasmo*ic/ ana,g!sic/

!:p!ctorant. 4+5 CARCA O 'lettaria cardamomum 7Fingi-!rac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES Car*amom has -!!n prais!* as a spic! an* m!*icin! an* .s!* in anci!nt Eg(pt to ma1! p!rf.m!s. 0t is an !:c!,,!nt r!m!*( for man( *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms/ h!,ping to sooth! in*ig!stion/ *(sp!psia/ gastra,gia/ co,on spasms an* f,at.,!nc!. 0t has an aromatic an* p.ng!nt tast! an* com-in!s w!,, with oth!r h!r-s an* h!,ps to *isg.is! th! ,!ss p,!asant tast! of oth!r h!r-s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Eas!s

stomach pain/ carminati#!/ aromatic/

antispasmo*ic. 4B5 CARCUS/

0LJ TH0STLE/ ARY TH0STLE

$arduus marianus syn. !ilybum marianum 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES i,1 thist,! is nati#! to th! !*it!rran!an an* has -!!n in .s! as a r!m!*( for ,i#!r pro-,!ms for h.n*r!*s/ if not tho.san*s/ of (!ars. 0t is .s!* in a who,! rang! of ,i#!r an* -,a**!r con*itions inc,.*ing h!patitis an* cirrhosis. R!c!nt r!s!arch has confirm!* tra*itiona, h!r-a, 1now,!*g!/ pro#ing that th! h!r- has a r!mar1a-,! a-i,it( to prot!ct th! ,i#!r from *amag! r!s.,ting from a,coho,ic an* oth!r t(p!s of poisoning. To*a(/ mi,1 thist,! is wi*!,( .s!* in th! A!st for th! tr!atm!nt of a rang! of ,i#!r con*itions.

A08 PROPERT0ES: Cig!sti#!/ ,i#!r tonic/ stim.,at!s s!cr!tion of -i,!/ incr!as!s -r!ast;mi,1 pro*.ction/ anti*!pr!ssant.

4>5 CELERY/ S ALLA&E Apium graveolens 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES or! fami,iar as a #!g!ta-,! than as a m!*icin!/ c!,!r( fin* its main .s! in th! tr!atm!nt of rh!.matism/ arthritis an* go.t. Containing apiol/ th! s!!*s ar! a,so .s!* as a .rinar( antis!ptic. C!,!r( is a goo* c,!ansing/ *i.r!tic h!r-/ an* th! s!!*s ar! .s!* sp!cifica,,( for arthritic comp,aints wh!r! th!r! is an acc.m.,ation of wast! pro*.cts. Th! s!!*s a,so ha#! a r!p.tation as a carminati#! with a mi,* tran3.i,i2ing !ff!ct. Th! st!ms ar! ,!ss significant m!*icina,,(.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;rh!.matic/

antispasmo*ic/ *i.r!tic/

.rinar( antis!ptic. 4@5 CHA O 0LE/ &ER A8 CHA O 0LE $hamomilla recutita syn. Matricaria recutita 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES Chamomi,! grows wi,* in E.rop! an* w!st Asia. R!,at!* sp!ci!s ar! fo.n* in 8orth Am!rica an* Africa. 0ts f,ow!rs h!,p to !as! in*ig!stion/ n!r#o.sn!ss/ *!pr!ssions an* h!a*ach!s/ -!ing i*!a, for !motion r!,at!* pro-,!ms s.ch as p!ptic .,c!rs/ co,itis/ spastic co,on an* n!r#o.s in*ig!stion. Chamomi,!9s !ss!ntia, oi, ha#! anti;inf,ammator(/anti;spasmo*ic an* anti;micro-ia, acti#it(. 0t is an !:c!,,!nt h!r- for man( *ig!sti#! *isor*!rs an* for n!r#o.s t!nsion an* irrita-i,it(. E:t!rna,,(/ it is .s!* for sor! s1in an* !c2!ma. Roman chamomi,! 7Chama!m!,.m no-i,!5 is a c,os! r!,ation/ .s!* in a simi,ar wa(.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/

antispasmo*ic/ r!,a:ant/

carminati#!/ -itt!r/ n!r#in!. 4?5 CH0CORY $icorium intybus 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES

Chicor( is nati#! to E.rop! an* ha#! -!!n c.,ti#at!* thro.gh th! ag!s. As a t!a or !:tract/ chicor( root is a -itt!r *ig!sti#! tonic that a,so incr!as!s -i,! f,ow an* *!cr!as! inf,ammation. 0ts roast!* root is common,( .s!* as a coff!! s.-stit.t!. Chicor( is an !:c!,,!nt mi,* -itt!r tonic for th! ,i#!r an* *ig!sti#! tract. Th! root is th!rap!.tica,,( simi,ar to *an*!,ion root s.pporting th! action of th! stomach an* ,i#!r an* c,!ansing th! .rinar( tract. Chicor( is a,so ta1!n for rh!.matic con*itions an* go.t/ an* as a mi,* ,a:ati#!/ on! partic.,ar,( appropriat! for chi,*r!n. An inf.sion of th! ,!a#!s an* f,ow!rs a,so ai*s th! *ig!stion.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ ,i#!r tonic/ anti;rh!.matic/ mi,*

,a:ati#!. "H5 C088A O8 $innamomum verum syn. $. #eylanicum 7La.rac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES Cinnamon is nati#! to Sri Lan1a/ growing in tropica, for!st an* -!ing !:t!nsi#!,( c.,ti#at!* thro.gho.t th! tropica, r!gions of th! wor,*. Cinnamon has a ,ong histor( of .s! in 0n*ia an* was first .s!* m!*icina,,( in Eg(pt an* parts of E.rop! from a-o.t +HH BC. Th! inf.sion or pow*!r is .s!* for stomach pains an* cramps. Tra*itiona,,(/ th! h!r- was ta1!n for co,*s/ f,. an* *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms/ an* it is sti,, .s!* in m.ch th! sam! wa( to*a(.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Aarming stim.,ant/ carminati#!/ antispasmo*ic/ antis!ptic/ anti;#ira,.

"45 CLO6E 'ugenia caryophyllata syn. !y#gium aromaticum 7 (rtac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES C,o#! tr!!s ar! origina, from 0n*on!sia. Th! *ri!* f,ow!r -.*s/ c,o#!/ ar! !:t!nsi#!,( .s!* as spic!. Th! -.*s/ ,!a#!s an* st!ms ar! .s!* for th! !:tractions of c,o#!9s oi,. Both th! oi, an* th! f,ow!r -.*s ha#! -!!n #a,.!* as a h!r-a, m!*icin! for a ,ong tim!. Th! oi, contains eugenol/ a strong ana!sth!tic an* atis!ptic s.-stanc!. C,o#!s ar! a,so w!,, 1nown for th!ir antispasmo*ic an* stim.,ati#! prop!rti!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Antis!ptic/ min* an* -o*( stim.,ant/ ana,g!sic/ anti-act!ria,/ carminati#!.

""5 CO GREY/ J80TBO8E !ymphytum officinale 7Boraginac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES Comfr!(9s nam! *!ri#!s from th! Latin con firma( i.!. Dwith str!ngthD/ from th! -!,i!f that it co.,* h!a, -ro1!n -on!s. Comfr!( ,!a#!s an* roots contain allantoin/ a c!,, m.,tip,ication ag!nt that incr!as!s th! h!a,ing of wo.n*s. To*a(/ it is sti,, high,( r!gar*!* for its h!a,ing prop!rti!s. E:t!rna,,( it is .s!* for rash!s/ wo.n*s/ inf,ammation an* s1in pro-,!ms. 0nt!rna,,(/ comfr!( has action o#!r th! *ig!sti#! tract h!,ping to c.r! .,c!rs an* co,itis. 0t is a,so .s!* for a #ari!t( of r!spirator( pro-,!ms.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Cig!sti#! pro-,!ms/

anti;inf,ammator(/ wo.n*

h!a,ing/ astring!nt. "<5 COR0A8CER $oriandrum sativum 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES Corian*!r .s! has a m!*icina, p,ant has -!!n r!port!* sinc! 4+HH B.C. -oth as a spic! an* as a m!*icin!. 0t has now spr!a* w!,, -!(on* its nati#! !*it!rran!an an* Ca.casian r!gions. 0t ai*s *ig!stion/ r!*.c! f,at.,!nc! an* impro#!s app!tit!. 0t h!,ps r!,i!#ing spasms within th! g.t an* co.nt!rs th! !ff!cts of n!r#o.s t!nsion. Corian*!r is a,so ch!w!* to sw!!t!n th! -r!ath/ !sp!cia,,( aft!r cons.mption of gar,ic 7Allium sativum 5. 0t is app,i!* !:t!rna,,( as a ,otion for rh!.matic pain. Corian*!r !ss!ntia, oi, is .s!* in th! man.fact.r! of p!rf.m!s/ cosm!tics an* *!ntifric!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ antispasmo*ic/ anti;rh!.matic.

"=5 CY BOPO&O8/ LE O8 &RASS $ymbopogon citratus 7&ramin!a!5 H0STORY an* USES 8ati#! from Sri Lan1a an* So.th 0n*ia/ ,!mon grass is now wi*!,( c.,ti#at!* in th! tropica, ar!as of Am!rica an* Asia. 0ts oi, is .s!* as a c.,inar( f,a#oring/ a sc!nt an* m!*icin!. L!mon grass is principa,,( ta1!n as a t!a to r!m!*( *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms *iarrh!a an* stomach ach!. 0t r!,a:!s th! m.sc,!s of th! stomach an* g.t/ r!,i!#!s cramping pains an* f,at.,!nc! an* is partic.,ar,(

s.ita-,! for chi,*r!n. 0n th! Cari--!an/ ,!mon grass is primari,( r!gar*!* as a f!#!r;r!*.cing h!r-. 0t is app,i!* !:t!rna,,( as a po.,tic! or as *i,.t!* !ss!ntia, oi, to !as! pain an* arthritis.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ antispasmo*ic/ ana,g!sic.

"+5 CA 0A8A )urnera diffusa syn. ). diffusa var. aphrodisiaca 7T.rn!rac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES 8ati#! from th! &.,f of !:ico/ *amiana has an anci!nt r!p.tation as an aphro*isiac an* is an !:c!,,!nt r!m!*( for th! n!r#o.s s(st!m acting as a stim.,ant an* tonic in cas!s of mi,* *!pr!ssion. Camiana has a strong,( aromatic/ s,ight,( -itt!r tast!. Th! ,!a#!s ar! .s!* to f,a#or ,i3.!.rs an* ar! ta1!n in !:ico as a s.-stit.t! for t!a.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

8!r#! tonic/ anti*!pr!ssant/ .rinar(

antis!ptic. "B5 CA8CEL0O8 )ara"acum officinale 7Composita!5 H0STORY an* USES Occ.rring nat.ra,,( in Asia/ Can*!,ion is now a common p,ant !#!r(wh!r!. 0ts m!*icina, #irt.!s w!r! pro-a-,( intro*.c!* in E.rop! -( th! Ara-s in th! 4Hth C!nt.r(. Both th! P!rsians an* th! East 0n*ians .s!* it for ,i#!r comp,aints. Jnown principa,,( as a w!!*/ *an*!,ion has an astonishing rang! of h!a,th -!n!fits. Th! ,!a#!s/ which can -! !at!n in sa,a*s/ ar! a pow!rf., *i.r!tic. Th! roots act as a D-,oo* p.rifi!rD that h!,ps -oth 1i*n!(s an* th! ,i#!r to r!mo#! imp.riti!s from th! -,oo*. This !ff!ct s!!ms to -! *.! to its potassi.m cont!nt. 0t a,so acts ,i1! a mi,* ,a:ati#! an* impro#!s app!tit! an* *ig!stion.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Ci.r!tic/ *ig!sti#!/ anti-iotic/ -itt!r.

">5 C0LL Anethum graveolens syn. Peucedanum graveolens 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES An anci!nt Eg(ptian r!m!*( in th! E-!rs pap(r.s 7c. 4+HH BC5

r!comm!n*s *i,, as on! of th! ingr!*i!nts in a pain;1i,,ing mi:t.r!. Th! Romans 1n!w *i,, as an!th.m/ which ,att!r -!cam! Danis!D. Ci,, has a,wa(s -!!n consi*!r!* a r!m!*( for th! stomach/ r!,i!#ing win* an* ca,ming th! *ig!stion. Ci,,9s !ss!ntia, oi, r!,i!#!s int!stina, spasms an* griping an* h!,ps to s!tt,! co,ic/ h!nc! it is oft!n .s!* in grip! wat!r mi:t.r!s. Ch!wing th! s!!*s impro#!s -a* -r!ath. Ci,, ma1!s a .s!f., a**ition to co.gh/ co,* an* f,. r!m!*i!s/ an* is a mi,* *i.r!tic. Ci,, incr!as!s mi,1 pro*.ction/ an* wh!n ta1!n r!g.,ar,( -( n.rsing moth!rs/ h!,ps to pr!#!nt co,ic in th!ir -a-i!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ anti-act!ria,/ antispasmo*ic/

*i.r!tic. "@5 EUCALYPTUS/ BLUE &U 'ucalyptus globulus 7 (rtac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES E.ca,(pt.s is nati#! from A.stra,ia/ wh!r! it compris!s mor! than >+K of a,, tr!!s. A tra*itiona, a-origina, r!m!*(/ !.ca,(pt.s is a pow!rf., antis!ptic .s!* a,, o#!r th! wor,* for r!,i!#ing co.ghs an* co,*s/ sor! throats an* oth!r inf!ctions. Th! ,!a#!s coo, th! -o*( an* r!,i#! f!#!r. 0nha,ing th! #apors of th! !ss!ntia, oi,s h!at!* in wat!r/ c,!ars sin.s an* -ronchia, cong!stions. 'ucaliptol/ on! of th! s.-stanc!s fo.n* in th! !ss!ntia, oi,/ is on! of th! main constit.!nts of th! man( !:isting comm!rcia, form.,as of ch!st r.-s for co,*s. Th! !ss!ntia, oi, has a,so strong anti;-iotic/ anti;#ira, an* anti;f.nga, action. E.ca,(pt.s is a common ingr!*i!nt in man( o#!r;th!;co.nt!r co,* r!m!*i!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ !:p!ctorant/ stim.,at!s ,oca, -,oo*

f,ow/ anti;f.nga,. "?5 GE88EL Foeniculum vulgare 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY an* USES 8ati#! to th! !*it!rran!an/ f!nn!, has spr!a* to s.rro.n*ing ar!as/ inc,.*ing 0n*ia. Jnown to th! &r!!1s an* Romans/ is was .s!* as foo*/ spic! an* m!*icin!. Th! primar( .s! of f!nn!, s!!*s is to r!,i!#! f,at.,!nc!/ -.t th!( a,so s!tt,! co,ic/ stim.,at! th! app!tit! an* *ig!stion. G!nn!, is a,so *i.r!tic an* anti; inf,ammator(. Li1! anis! 7Pimpinella anisum5 an* carawa( 7$arum carvi5/ it has a ca,ming !ff!ct on -ronchitis an* co.ghs.

An inf.sion of th! s!!*s ma( -! ta1!n as a garg,! for sor! throats an* as a mi,* !:p!ctorant. G!nn!, incr!as!s -r!ast;mi,1 pro*.ction an* th! h!r- is sti,, .s!* as an !(! wash for sor! !(!s an* conE.ncti#itis. Ess!ntia, oi, from th! sw!!t #ari!t( is .s!* for its *ig!sti#! an* r!,a:ing prop!rti!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ antispasmo*ic/ anti;inf,ammator(.

<H5 &ARL0C Allium sativum 7Li,iac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Origina, from C!ntra, Asia/ gar,ic is now c.,ti#at!* wor,*wi*!. 0t was wi*!,( 1nown -( th! anci!nts/ -!ing fo.n* in Eg(ptian tom-s an* .s!* -( &r!!1s an* Romans. R!cogni2!* for its p.ng!nt o*or an* tast!/ gar,ic is a pow!rf., hom! m!*icin! for th! tr!atm!nt for a host of h!a,th pro-,!ms. 0t is on! of th! most !ff!cti#! anti;-iotic p,ants a#ai,a-,!/ acting on -act!ria/ #ir.s!s an* a,im!ntar( parasit!s. 0t co.nt!rs man( inf!ctions/ inc,.*ing thos! of th! nos!/ throat an* ch!st. &ar,ic is a,so 1nown to r!*.c! cho,!st!ro,/ h!,ps circ.,ator( *isor*!rs/ s.ch as high -,oo* pr!ss.r!/ an* ,ow!r -,oo* s.gar ,!#!,s/ ma1ing it .s!f., in cas!s of ,at!;ons!t *ia-!t!s. Anti-iotic/ !:p!ctorant/ *iaphor!tic/ h(pot!nsi#!/ antispasmo*ic/ !:p!,s worms. <45 &E8T0A8 Gentiana lutea 7&!ntianac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES 8ati#! to E.rop! an* Asia inor/ g!ntian prop!rti!s as a m!*icina, p,ant go -ac1 to 4@H B.C. &!ntian is a pow!rf., -itt!r that stim.,at!s app!tit! an* promot!s *ig!stion thro.gh th! incr!as!* pro*.ction of sa,i#a/ gastric E.ic!s an* -i,!. 0t a,so *!cr!as!s gastric inf,ammation an* 1i,, worms. &!ntian is a,so .s!* to tr!at ,i#!r an* sp,!!n pro-,!ms an* to promot! m!nstr.ation. !*icina,,(/ g!ntian str!ngth!ns a w!a1 or .n*!r; acti#! *ig!sti#! s(st!m.
A08 PROPERT0ES: A08 PROPERT0ES:

Bitt!r/ *ig!sti#! stim.,ant/ !as!s stomach pain.

<"5 &08&ER *ingiber officinali 7Fingi-!rac!a!5

H0STORY an* USES &ing!r is origina, from So.th!ast Asia an* is now c.,ti#at!* in most tropica, co.ntri!s. 0ts citations in anci!nt t!:ts go -ac1 to th! =th c!nt.r( B.C. Th! &r!!1s import!* it from th! East c!nt.ri!s -!for! Ciscori*!s r!cor*!* its .s! in th! 4st c!nt.r( A.C. Gami,iar as a spic! an* f,a#oring/ ging!r is a,so on! of th! wor,*9s -!st m!*icin!s. Th! Chin!s! consi*!r ging!r as an important *r.g to tr!at co,* an* !nco.rag! sw!ating. &ing!r -rings r!,i!f to *ig!stion/ stim.,at!s circ.,ation/ r!*.c! h!a*ach!s an* 1i,, int!stina, parasit!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Ciaphor!tic/ carminati#!/ circ.,ator( stim.,ant/ inhi-its co.ghing/ anti;inf,ammator(/ antis!ptic.

<<5 &08J&O Gin+go biloba 7&in1goac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES &in1go is tho.ght to -! th! o,*!st tr!! on th! p,an!t/ first growing a-o.t 4?H mi,,ion (!ars ago. 0t is pro-a-,( nati#! to China/ a,tho.gh th!r! ar! no wi,* tr!!s r!maining. Tho.gh ,ong .s!* as a m!*icin! in its nati#! China/ its th!rap!.tic actions ha#! on,( r!c!nt,( -!!n r!s!arch!*. Tra*itiona,,( 1nown as an anti; micro-ia, an* anti;t.-!rc.,ar action/ it has now -!!n shown that gin1go as a profo.n* acti#it( on -rain f.nction an* c!r!-ra, circ.,ation. This action is .s!f., to pr!#!nt *i22in!ss/ tinnit.s/ short;t!rm m!mor( ,oss/ *!pr!ssion an* oth!r s(mptoms r!,at!* to poor -rain circ.,ation. 0ts !ff!ct on poor circ.,ation a,so .s!* to tr!at oth!r r!,at!* *isor*!rs ,i1! *ia-!t!s/ h!morrhoi*s an* #aricos! #!ins. &in1go is a,so #a,.a-,! for asthma. Circ.,ator( stim.,ant an* tonic/ anti; asthmatic/ antispasmo*ic/ anti;a,,!rg!nic/ anti;inf,ammator(.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

<=5 &08SE8& Pana" ginseng 7Ara,iac!a!5 H0STORY an* USES &ins!ng is th! most famo.s Chin!s! h!r- of a,,. 0t is nati#! to north;!ast!rn China/ !ast!rn R.ssia an* Jor!a. Th! r!,at!* sp!ci!s Pana" ,uin,uefolious/ occ.rs in th! !ast!rn Unit!* Stat!s an* Cana*a. &ins!ng has anci!nt an* rich histor( as a m!*icina,

p,ant an* has -!!n prais!* for its r!mar1a-,! th!rap!.tic -!n!fits for a-o.t >/HHH (!ars. 0ts #a,.! was so gr!at that wars w!r! fo.ght for contro, of th! for!sts in which it thri#!*. An Ara-ian ph(sician -ro.ght gins!ng -ac1 to E.rop! in th! ?th c!nt.r(/ (!t its a-i,it( to impro#! stamina an* r!sistanc! to str!ss -!cam! common 1now,!*g! in th! A!st on,( from th! 4@th c!nt.r(. &ins!ng incr!as!s m!nta, an* ph(sica, !ffici!nc( an* r!sistanc! to str!ss an* *is!as!. 0t oft!n shows a *.a, r!spons! ,i1! s!*ating or stim.,ating th! c!ntra, n!r#o.s s(st!m accor*ing to th! con*ition it is -!ing ta1!n to tr!at. 0n th! A!st/ gins!ng is r!gar*!* as a ,if!; !nhancing tonic.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Tonic/

stim.,ant/ ph(sica, an* m!nta, r!

#ita,i2!r. <+5 &U PLA8T Grindelia camporum s(n. G. robusta #ar. rigida 7Composita!5 H0STORY A8C USES &.mp,ant is nati#! to th! so.th;w!st!rn US an* !:ico an* was .s!* -( 8ati#! Am!ricans to tr!at -ronchia, pro-,!ms an* a,so s1in aff,ictions s.ch as r!actions to poison i#(. Th! p,ant9s m!*icina, #a,.! was not r!cogni2!* -( tra*itiona, practition!rs .nti, th! mi*;,?th c!nt.r(. &.mp,ant was officia,,( r!cogni2!* in th! Pharmacopo!ia of th! Unit!* Stat!s from 4@@" to 4?"B. 0ts anti;spasmo*ic/ !:p!ctorant an* h(pot!nsi#! actions fin* app,ications in tr!ating h!art con*itions/ asthmatic an* -ronchia, con*itions. 0t has -!!n !mp,o(!* in th! tr!atm!nt of wooping co.gh/ ha( f!#!r an* c(stitis. E:t!rna,,( in r!,i!#!s an* h!a,s s1in irritations an* -.rns.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Anti;spasmo*ic/ !:p!ctorant/ h(pot!nsi#!.

<B5 HA A EL0S/ A0TCH HAFEL amamamelis virginiana 7Hamam!,i*ac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Aitch ha2!, is nati#! to !ast!rn 8orth Am!rica/ from 8!w Eng,an* to w!st inn!sota. 0t was a tra*itiona, r!m!*( of man( nati#! 8orth Am!rican p!op,!s. Aitch ha2!, acts most,( on th! #!ins an* circ.,ation. Gor this r!ason it has -!!n .s!* to *!cr!as! th! inf,ammation an* pain of -r.is!s/ sor! m.sc,!s/ -,!!*ing/ h!morrhoi*s/ #aricos! #!ins/ ph,!-itis/ an* ins!ct -it!s. Am!rican in*ians .s!* po.,tic!s soa1!* in a *!coction of -ar1 to tr!at

t.mors an* inf,ammations/ !sp!cia,,( of th! !(!/ an* too1 th! h!rint!rna,,( for h!morrhaging an* h!a#( m!nstr.a, -,!!*ing. Hammam!,is was intro*.c!* in E.rop! on th!4@th c!nt.r(.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Astring!nt/ anti;inf,ammator(/ stops !:t!rna, an* int!rna, -,!!*ing.

<>5 HAATHOR8 $rataegus o"yacantha ' $. monogyna 7Rosac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Hawthorn is nati#! of E.rop! with c,os! sp!ci!s fo.n* in 8orth Africa an* w!st!rn Asia. Th! tr!! has -!!n 1nown an* appr!ciat!* thro.gho.t th! ag!s/ -( th! anci!nt &r!!1s/ Ara-s an* E.rop!ans. Hawthorn is an !:tr!m!,( #a,.a-,! m!*icina, h!r-. 0n th! i**,! Ag!s it was as a s(m-o, of hop! an* ta1!n for man( ai,m!nts. 0t has -!!n shown that its !ff!cts ar! on,( pr!s!nt wh!n a who,! p,ant pr!paration is .s!*. 0ts app,ications ar!: th! ,oss of car*iac f.nction/ f!!,ings of cong!stions an* oppr!ssion in th! h!arth r!gion. A!st!rn h!r-a,ists consi*!r it ,it!ra,,( to -! a Dfoo* for th! h!artD/ incr!asing -,oo* f,ow to th! h!art m.sc,!s an* r!storing norma, h!art -!at. R!c!nt r!s!arch has confirm!* th! #a,i*it( of th!s! .s!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Car*iotonic/ *i.r!tic/ astring!nt/ *i,at!s -,oo* #!ss!,s/ r!,a:ant/ antio:i*ant.

<@5 HYSSOP yssopus officinalis 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES H(ssop is fo.n* nati#! in th! !*it!rran!an r!gion an is comm!rcia,,( c.,ti#at!* in E.rop!/ R.ssia an* 0n*ia. 0n th! past/ h(ssop was so high,( !st!!m!* it was r!gar*!* as a #irt.a, c.r!; a,,. C.rr!nt,( an .n*!r#a,.!* m!*icina, h!r-/ h(ssop is pot!ntia,,( .s!f., as it is -oth ca,ming an* tonic. 0t has a ,arg! sp!ctr.m of .s!s which ar! *.! to its anti;spasmo*ic action. 0t is .s!* in co.ghs/ -ronchitis/ tight;ch!st!*n!ss/ r!spirator( catarrh/ sor! throat an* common co,*. As a s!*ati#!/ h(ssop is a .s!f., r!m!*( against asthma in -oth chi,*r!n an* a*.,ts/ !sp!cia,,( wh!r! th! con*ition is !:ac!r-at!* -( m.c.s cong!stion. H(ssop is .s!* to f,a#or #ario.s ,i3.!.rs/ inc,.*ing Chartr!.s!.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;spasmo*ic/

!:p!ctorant/ *iaphor!tic/

anti;inf,ammator(/ h!patic. <?5 IAS 08E -asminum grandiflorum .O,!ac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Iasmin! is pro-a-,( nati#! of 0ran an* is now w!,, 1nown an* c.,ti#at!* in Asia an* E.rop! wh!r! it was in th! ,Bth c!nt.r(/ main,( as a so.rc! of p!rf.m!. A,tho.gh it is rar!,( .s!* to*a( in th! w!st!rn Aor,*/ f,ow!r s(r.ps w!r! .s!* for co.ghs an* ,!af t!a to rins! sor! !(!s an* wo.n*s. Iasmin! f,ow!rs ma1! a ca,ming an* s!*ati#! inf.sion/ ta1!n to r!,i!#! t!nsion. Th! oi, is consi*!r!* anti*!pr!ssant an* r!,a:ing. 0t is .s!* !:t!rna,,( to sooth! *r( an* s!nsiti#! s1in.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Aromatic/

anti;spasmo*ic/ !:p!ctorant.

=H5 IU80PER -uniperus communis 7C.pr!ssac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES I.nip!r is fo.n* in E.rop!/ so.th;w!st!rn Asia an* 8orth Am!rica. I.nip!r is tonic/ *i.r!tic an* strong,( antis!ptic within th! .rinar( tract. 0t is a #a,.a-,! r!m!*( for c(stitis/ an* h!,ps r!,i!#! f,.i* r!t!ntion/ -.t sho.,* -! a#oi*!* in cas!s of 1i*n!( *is!as!. 0n th! *ig!sti#! s(st!m/ E.nip!r is warming an* s!tt,ing/ !asing co,ic an* s.pporting th! f.nction of th! stomach. Ta1!n int!rna,,( or app,i!* !:t!rna,,(/ E.nip!r is h!,pf., in th! tr!atm!nt of chronic arthritis/ go.t an* rh!.matic con*itions. App,i!* !:t!rna,,( as a *i,.t!* !ss!ntia, oi,/ it has a s,ight,( warming !ff!ct on th! s1in an* is tho.ght to promot! th! r!mo#a, of wast! pro*.cts from .n*!r,(ing tiss.!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Ci.r!tic/

anti;micro-ia,/ carminati#!/ anti;

rh!.matic. =45 LAUREL/ BAY LAUREL &aurus nobilis 7La.rac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to th! !*it!rr!n!an r!gion/ -a( ,a.r!, is 1now c.,ti#at!* a,, o#!r th! wor,*. Ba( ,a.r!, was sacr!* to th! go*s Apo,,o an*

A!sc.,api.s/ who tog!th!r o#!rsaw h!a,ing an* m!*icin!. Th! h!r- was tho.ght to -! gr!at,( prot!cti#! an* h!a,ing. An inf.sion of th! ,!a#!s was ta1!n for its warming an* tonic !ff!ct on th! stomach an* -,a**!r/ an* a p,ast!r ma*! from th! ,!a#!s was .s!* to r!,i!#! wasp an* -!! stings. Ba( ,a.r!, is .s!* main,( to tr!at .pp!r *ig!sti#! tract *isor*!rs an* to !as! arthritic ach!s an* pains. 0t is s!tt,ing to th! stomach an* has a tonic !ff!ct/ stim.,ating th! app!tit! an* th! s!cr!tion of *ig!sti#! E.ic!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Astring!nt/ *ig!sti#!.

="5 LA6E8CER &avandula officinalis s(n. &. angustifolia 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES La#!n*!r is nati#! to th! !*it!rran!an r!gion an* is c.,ti#at!* in Granc!/ Spain an* !,s!wh!r!. 0t has -!!n .s!* for aromatic p.rpos!s -( th! Romans in washing wat!r an* -aths. This h!rhas .s!s in c.,inar(/ cosm!tics an* m!*icin!. 0t is !ff!cti#! to c.r! h!a*ach!s/ !sp!cia,,( wh!n r!,at!* to str!ss/ to c,!ar *!pr!ssion associat!* with w!a1n!ss an* *!pr!ssion. E:t!rna,,(/ ,a#!n*!r oi, has -!!n .s!* as a stim.,ating ,inim!nt to h!,p !as! ach!s an* pains of rh!.matism.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Carminati#!/ r!,i!#!s m.sc,! spasms/ anti*!pr!ssant/ antis!ptic an* anti-act!ria,/ stim.,at!s -,oo* f,ow.

=<5 LE O8 $itrus &imon 7R.tac!a!5 A nati#! from Asia/ pro-a-,( from 0n*ia/ it is now wi*!,( c.,ti#at!* in 0ta,(/ Ca,ifornia an* A.stra,ia. L!mon was .n1nown to th! anci!nt &r!!1s arri#ing in E.rop! pro-a-,( -ro.ght -( Roman so,*i!rs r!t.rning from Asia inor. 0t is on! of th! most important an* #!rsati,! nat.ra, m!*icin!s for hom! .s!. A fami,iar foo* as w!,, as a r!m!*(/ it has a high #itamin C cont!nt that h!,ps impro#! r!sistanc! to inf!ction/ ma1ing it #a,.a-,! for co,*s an* f,.. 0t is ta1!n as a pr!#!ntati#! for man( con*itions/ inc,.*ing stomach inf!ctions/ circ.,ator( pro-,!ms an* art!riosc,!rosis. L!mon E.ic! an* oi, ar! !ff!cti#! in 1i,,ing g!rms. 0t *!cr!as!s inf,ammation an* impro#!s *ig!stion.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Antis!ptic/ anti;rh!.matic/ anti-act!ria,/ antio:i*ant/ r!*.c!s f!#!r.

==5

AL6A/ CO

O8

ALLOA

Malva silvestris 7 a,#ac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Th! (o.ng ,!a#!s an* shoots of this p,ant ha#! -!!n !at!n sinc! at ,!ast th! @th c!nt.r( BC. Th! p,ant9s man( .s!s ga#! ris! to th! Spanish a*ag!/ DA 1itch!n gar*!n an* ma,,ow/ s.ffici!nt m!*icin!s for a hom!.D Th! f,ow!rs an* ,!a#!s ar! !mo,,i!nt an* goo* for s!nsiti#! ar!as of th! s1in. 0t is app,i!* as a po.,tic! to r!*.c! sw!,,ing an* *raw o.t to:ins. Ta1!n int!rna,,(/ th! ,!a#!s r!*.c! g.t irritation an* ha#! a ,a:ati#! !ff!ct. Ah!n common ma,,ow is com-in!* with !.ca,(pt.s 7E.ca,(pt.s g,o-.,.s5/ it ma1!s a goo* r!m!*( for co.ghs an* oth!r ch!st ai,m!nts.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Anti;inf,ammator(/ !mo,,i!nt/ astring!nt/

,a:ati#!. =+5 ARIORA /A0LC ARIORA Origanum vulgare 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! from Asia/ marEoram c.,ti#at!* comm!rcia,,( in s!#!ra, r!gions. .ch .s!* -( th! anci!nt &r!!1s/ wi,* marEoram has ha* a mor! significant ro,! in m!*icin! than sw!!t marEoram 7O. maEorana5. arEoram t!a is an ag!;o,* r!m!*( to ai* *ig!stion/ incr!as! sw!ating an* !nco.rag! m!nstr.ation. As a st!am inha,ant/ marEoram c,!ars th! sin.s!s an* h!,ps r!,i!#! ,ar(ngitis. Ai,* marEoram h!,ps s!tt,! f,at.,!nc! an* stim.,at!s th! f,ow of -i,!. Strong,( antis!ptic/ it ma( -! ta1!n to tr!at r!spirator( con*itions s.ch as co.ghs/ tonsi,,itis/ -ronchitis an* asthma. Th! *i,.t!* oi, can -! app,i!* to toothach! or painf., Eoints.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ anti;spasmo*ic/ *ig!sti#!.

=B5

ATE e" paraguariensis s(n. /. paraguensis 7A3.ifo,iac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to So.th Am!rica/ pro-a-,( to Parag.a(/ mat! is a tra*itiona, So.th Am!rican t!a that incr!as!s short;t!rm ph(sica, an* m!nta, !n!rg( ,!#!,s. 0t is ta1!n as a fortif(ing -!#!rag! in

m.ch th! sam! wa( as t!a 7$amellia sinensis5 is cons.m!* thro.gho.t Asia an* E.rop!. at! has prop!rti!s simi,ar to thos! of t!a an* coff!! 7$offea arabica5. 0t stim.,at!s th! n!r#o.s s(st!m/ is mi,*,( ana,g!sic an* *i.r!tic. As a m!*icina, h!r-/ mat! is .s!* to tr!at h!a*ach!s/ migrain!/ n!.ra,gic an* rh!.matic pain/ fatig.! an* mi,* *!pr!ssion. 0t has a,so -!!n .s!* in th! tr!atm!nt of *ia-!t!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Stim.,ant/ *i.r!tic/ ana,g!sic.

=>5

EL0SSA/ LE O8 BAL Melissa officinalis 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES L!mon Ba,m has -!!n c.,ti#at!* in th! !*it!rran!an r!gion for mor! than "/HHH (!ars. Th! .s,im h!r-a,ist A#ic!nna r!comm!n*!* ,!mon -a,m for h!art pro-,!ms. 0ts main action is as a tran3.i,i2!r. 0t ca,ms n!r#o.s spasms/ co,ics an* h!arth spasms. Th! hot t!a promot!s sw!at that that is goo* for co,*s/ f,.s an* f!#!rs. 0ts s!*ati#! actions ha#! -!!n .s!* to h!,p in th! tr!atm!nt of ps(chiatric pro-,!ms/ inc,.*ing *(stonia. L!mon9s -a,m anti;histamin! action is .s!f., to tr!at !c2!ma an* h!a*ach!s. To*a(/ this sw!!t;sm!,,ing h!r- is sti,, wi*!,( #a,.!* for its ca,ming prop!rti!s/ an* n!w r!s!arch shows that it can h!,p significant,( in th! tr!atm!nt of co,* sor!s. R!,a:ant/ antispasmo*ic/ incr!as!s sw!ating/ carminati#!/ anti;#ira,/ n!r#! tonic.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

=@5

0STLETOE 0iscum album 7Loranthac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to E.rop! an* north!rn Asian/ mist,!to! is chi!f,( .s!* to ,ow!r -,oo* pr!ss.r! an* h!arth rat!/ !as! an:i!t( an* promot! s,!!p. 0n ,ow *os!s it a,so r!,i!#!s panic attac1s/ h!a*ach!s/ an* impro#!s th! a-i,it( to conc!ntrat!. ist,!to! is a,so pr!scri-!* for tinnit.s an* !pi,!ps(. 0t ma( -! .s!* to tr!at h(p!racti#it( in chi,*r!n. ist,!to! contain #iscoto:ins that ihni-it t.mors an* stim.,!t! th! imm.n! s(st!m. Gor this r!ason/ r!s!arch has -!!n carri!* o.t on its pot!ntia, .s! as a canc!r tr!ating p,ant .
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Tran3.i,i2!r/ r!*.c!s pain/ contro,s -,oo*

pr!ss.r!.

=?5

OTHERAORT &eonurus cardiaca 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to E.rop!/ moth!rworth has -!!n .s!* as a m!*icina, p,ant in !ar,( &r!!c!/ wh!r! it was .s!* to ca,m pr!gnant wom!n s.ff!ring from an:i!t(. Th! oth!r promin!nt .s! of th! h!r- is *.! to is action o#!r th! h!arth -( *!cr!asing m.sc,! spasms an* ,ow!ring -,oo* pr!ss.r!. Oth!r .s!s inc,.*! th! impro#!m!nt of f!rti,it(/ th! r!,i!f of postpart.m *!pr!ssion an* m!nopa.s!. Antispasmo*ic an* s!*ati#!/ th! h!r- promot!s r!,a:ation rath!r than *rowsin!ss. How!#!r/ moth!rwort stim.,at! th! m.sc,!s of th! .t!r.s/ an* is partic.,ar,( s.ita-,! for *!,a(!* p!rio*s/ p!rio* pain an* pr!m!nstr.a, t!nsion 7!sp!cia,,( if shoc1 or *istr!ss is a factor5. 8!r#in!/ !mm!nagog.!/ anti;spasmo*ic/ h!patic/ h(pot!nsi#!/ car*iac tonic.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

+H5

YRRH $ommiphora molmol s(n. $. myrrha 7B.rs!rac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to north;!ast Africa/ m(rrh is main,( fo.n* in Ethiopia/ Soma,ia/ Sa.*i;Ara-ia/ 0ran an* Thai,an*. (rrh has -!!n .s!* in p!rf.m!s/ inc!ns! an* !m-a,ming. 0ts astring!nt/ antimicro-ia, an* antis!ptic prop!rti!s ha#! -!!n .s!* to tr!at acn! an* -oi,s as w!,, as mi,* inf,ammator( con*itions. 0t fin*s sp!cific .s! in th! tr!atm!nt of inf!ctions in th! mo.th s.ch as .,c!rs/ g!ngi#itis/ ph(orr!a/ as w!,, as catarrha, pro-,!ms associat!* with phar(ngitis an* sin.sitis. Stim.,ant/ antis!ptic/ anti;inf,ammator(/ astring!nt/ !:p!ctorant/ antispasmo*ic/ carminati#!
A08 PROPERT0ES:

+45

YRTLE Myrtus communis 7 (rtac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES (rt,! is nati#! to th! !*it!rran!an r!gion an* is main,( c.,ti#at!* for th! !:traction of its !ss!ntia, oi,. Us!* in anci!nt &r!!c!/ th! astring!nt/ tonic an* antis!ptic prop!rti!s of its ,!a#!s

ar! .s!* to h!a, wo.n*s/ or int!rna,,( to r!m!*( *isor*!rs of th! *ig!sti#! an* .rinar( s(st!ms. Th! !ss!ntia, oi, is antis!ptic an* anti;catarrha,/ an* is .s!* to tr!at ch!st ai,m!nts.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ astring!nt/ !:p!ctorant.

+"5 8ETTLE Urtica dioica 7Urticac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8!tt,! occ.rs in E.rasia an* is nat.ra,i2!* !,s!wh!r!/ inc,.*ing Am!rica an* is on! of th! most app,ica-,! p,ants fo.n*. 8!tt,!s ha#! s.pp,i!* fi-!rs for c,oth an* pap!r sinc! th! Bron2! Ag! into th! "Hth c!nt.r(. Thro.gho.t E.rop!/ it has -!!n .s!* as a spring tonic an* g!n!ra, *!to:if(ing r!m!*(. 8!tt,! ,!a#!s contain iron an* #itamin C/ -!ing .s!* for tr!ating an!mia an* poor circ.,ation. T!a an po.,tic! ma*! from n!tt,! ,!a#!s ar! .s!* to tr!at !c2!ma an* s1in con*itions. 0ts astring!nt prop!rti!s ar! .s!* to stop -,!!*ing. To*a(/ n!tt,! is .s!* for ha( f!#!r/ arthritis/ an!mia/ an*/ s.rprising,(/ !#!n for n!tt,! rash. A08 PROPERT0ES: Ci.r!tic/ tonic/ astring!nt/ pr!#!nts h!morrhaging/ anti;a,,!rg!nic/ r!*.c!s prostat! !n,arg!m!nt 7root5. +<5 OL06E Olea europaea 7O,!ac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Th! o,i#! was pro-a-,( first c.,ti#at!* in Cr!t! in aro.n* <+HH BC. Th! ,!a#!s ha#! -!!n .s!* sinc! thos! tim!s to c,!an wo.n*s. O,i#! ,!a#!s ,ow!r -,oo* pr!ss.r! an* h!,p to impro#! th! f.nction of th! circ.,ator( s(st!m. Th!( ar! a,so mi,*,( *i.r!tic an* ma( -! .s!* to tr!at con*itions s.ch as c(stitis. Poss!ssing som! a-i,it( to ,ow!r -,oo* s.gar ,!#!,s/ th! ,!a#!s ha#! -!!n ta1!n for *ia-!t!s. Th! oi, is no.rishing an* impro#!s th! -a,anc! of fats within th! -,oo*. 0t is tra*itiona,,( ta1!n with ,!mon E.ic! in t!aspoonf., *os!s to tr!at ga,,ston!s. Th! oi, has a g!n!ra,,( prot!cti#! action on th! *ig!sti#! tract an* is .s!f., for *r( s1in. E:t!rna,,(/ it is a goo*/ a,tho.gh stic1(/ carri!r oi, for !ss!ntia, oi,s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ *i.r!tic/ anti;inf,ammator(.

+=5 PAL ETTO/ SAA PAL ETTO !abal serrulata s(n. !erenoa serrulata 7Pa,mac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Saw pa,m!tto -!rri!s w!r! !at!n -( 8ati#! 8orth Am!ricans an* anima,s. Accor*ing to ,!g!n*/ on s!!ing th! anima,s grow Ds,!!1 an* fatD/ E.rop!an s!tt,!rs tri!* th! -!rri!s an* attri-.t!* m!*icina, prop!rti!s to th!m. Th! fr.it p.,p was .s!* as a tonic from th! ,?th c!nt.r( onwar*s/ an* to*a( it is .s!* to h!,p in *!-i,it(/ for .rinar( tract pro-,!ms an* for r!*.cing !n,arg!* prostat! g,an*s. A08 PROPERT0ES: Tonic/ *i.r!tic/ s!*ati#!/ ana-o,ic. ++5 PARSLEY Petroselinum crispum 7Um-!,,if!ra!5 H0STORY A8C USES Pars,!( is pro-a-,( nati#! from north!rn an* c!ntra, E.rop! an* w!st!rn Asia. 0t was 1nown in anci!nt &r!!c! an* Rom! ; -.t mor! as a *i.r!tic/ *ig!sti#! tonic an* stim.,ant of th! m!nstr.a, f,ow than as a sa,a* h!r-. Pars,!( ,!a#!s/ s!!* an* root tr!at .rinar( tract inf!ctions an* h!,p !,iminat! 1i*n!( ston!s. 0t a,so stim.,at!s app!tit! an* incr!as!s -,oo* f,ow to *ig!sti#! organs/ as w!,, as r!*.c!s f!#!rs. Pars,!( was intro*.c!* into Britain in 4+=@. Pars,!( has th! .n.s.a, a-i,it( of mas1ing strong o*ors/ that of gar,ic in partic.,ar 7which is on! of r!ason for th! h!r-9s fr!3.!nt .s! as a garnish in coo1!r(5. Pars,!( root is mor! common,( pr!scri-!* than th! s!!*s or ,!a#!s in h!r-a, m!*icin!. 0t is ta1!n as a tr!atm!nt for f,at.,!nc!/ c(stitis an* rh!.matic con*itions. Pars,!( is a,so #a,.!* as a promot!r of m!nstr.ation/ -!ing h!,pf., -oth in stim.,ating a *!,a(!* p!rio* an* in r!,i!#ing m!nstr.a, pain.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ *i.r!tic.

+B5 PASS0GLORA/ PASS0O8 GLOAER Passiflora incarnata 7Passif,orac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Passif,ora is nat.ra, from th! north Am!rica. 0ts nam! com!s from its -!a.tif., f,ow!rs/ tho.ght to r!pr!s!nt Christ9s

cr.cifi:ion ; + stam!ns for th! + wo.n*s/ < st(,!s for th! < nai,s an* whit! an* p.rp,!;-,.! co,ors for p.rit( an* h!a#!n. Th! h!rhas #a,.a-,! s!*ati#! an* tran3.i,i2ing prop!rti!s an* has a ,ong .s! as a m!*icin! in C!ntra, an* 8orth Am!rican h!r-a, tra*itions/ -!ing ta1!n in !:ico for insomnia !pi,!ps( an* h(st!ria. Th! ,!a#!s ar! an ingr!*i!nt in man( pharmac!.tica, pro*.cts to tr!at n!r#o.s *isor*!rs s.ch as h!art pa,pitations/ an:i!t(/ con#.,sions an* som!tim!s high -,oo* pr!ss.r!. 0t is a,so .s!* to pr!#!nt spasms from whooping co.gh/ asthma an* oth!r *is!as!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/ antispasmo*ic/ h(pot!nsi#! s!*ati#!/ tran3.i,i2ing.

+>5 PATCHOUL0 Pogostemon cablin s(n. P. patchouli 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to a,a(sia an* th! Phi,ippin!s/ Patcho.,i is now c.,ti#at!* in tropica, an* s.-;tropica, r!gions aro.n* th! wor,*. Patcho.,i has -!!n .s!* !:t!nsi#!,( in Asian m!*icin!/ app!raring in th! Chin!s!/ 0n*ian an* Ara-ic tra*itions. Th! oi, is wi*!,( !mp,o(!* as a fragranc! an*/ in 0n*ia/ as an ins!ct r!p!,,!nt. Patcho.,i is .s!* in h!r-a, m!*icin! in Asia as an aphro*isiac/ anti*!pr!ssant an* antis!ptic. 0t is a,so !mp,o(!* for h!a*ach!s an* f!#!r. Patcho.,i !ss!ntia, oi, is .s!* in aromath!rap( to tr!at s1in comp,aints. 0t is tho.ght to ha#! a r!g!n!rati#! !ff!ct on s1in ton! an* to h!,p c,!ar con*itions s.ch as !c2!ma an* acn!. Th! oi, ma( a,so -! .s!* for #aricos! #!ins an* h!morrhoi*s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ aromatic/ anti*!pr!ssant.

+@5 PEO80A/ AH0TE PEO8Y Paeonia lactiflora s(n. P. albiflora 7Pa!oniac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to th! so.th!rn E.rop! an* th! !*it!rran!an/ p!on( is wi*!,( c.,ti#at!* as a gar*!n p,ant. P!on(9s histor( of m!*icina, .s! in China str!tch!s -ac1 for at ,!ast 4/+HH (!ars. 0t is 1nown most wi*!,( as on! of th! h!r-s .s!* to ma1! DGo.r Things So.pD/ a wom!n9s tonic/ an* it is a,so a r!m!*( for g(n!co,ogica, pro-,!ms an* for cramp/ pain an* *i22in!ss. Tra*itiona,,(/ it is consi*!r!* that wom!n who ta1! th! h!r- on a r!g.,ar -asis -!com! as ra*iant as th! f,ow!r its!,f.

A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antispasmo*ic/ tonic/ astring!nt/ ana,g!sic. B

+?5 PEPPER 08T Mentha piperita 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES P!pp!rmint9s origin is a m(st!r(/ -.t it has -!!n in !:ist!nc! for a ,ong tim! ; *ri!* ,!a#!s w!r! fo.n* in Eg(ptian p(rami*s *ating from aro.n* 4HHH BC. 0t was high,( #a,.!* -( th! &r!!1s an* Romans/ -.t on,( -!cam! pop.,ar in A!st!rn E.rop! in th! 4@th C!nt.r(. P!pp!rmint t!a h!,ps with in*ig!stion an* r!,a:!s th! m.sc,!s of th! *ig!sti#! tract. P!pp!rmint9s chi!f th!rap!.tic #a,.! ,i!s in its a-i,it( to r!,i!#! win*/ f,at.,!nc!/ -,oating an* co,ic/ tho.gh it has man( oth!r app,ications. St.*i!s ha#! shown that it r!,i!#!s co,on spasms an* h!,ps to c.r! .,c!rs. P!pp!rmint a,so !as!s n!r#o.s h!a*ach!s. !ntho,/ its main constit.!nt/ has anti-act!ria, prop!rti!s. E:t!rna,,(/ th! !ss!ntia, oi, is .s!* in -a,ms an* ,inim!nts to stim.,at! hot an* co,* n!r#! !n*ings an* incr!as! ,oca, -,oo* f,ow. Carminati#!/ r!,i!#!s m.sc,! spasms/ incr!as!s sw!ating/ stim.,at!s s!cr!tion of -i,!/ antis!ptic.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

BH5 PEPPER Piper nigrum 7Pip!rac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to so.th;w!st!rn 0n*ia/ p!pp!r is now c.,ti#at!* in tropica, r!gions aro.n* th! wor,*. Prais!* as a spic! an* a m!*icin! sinc! anci!nt tim!s/ p!pp!r was a #ita, commo*it( in wor,* tra*! for tho.san*s of (!ars. P!pp!r has a stim.,ant an* antis!ptic !ff!ct on th! *ig!sti#! tract an* th! circ.,ator( s(st!m. P!pp!r is common,( ta1!n/ !ith!r a,on! or in com-ination with oth!r h!r-s an* spic!s/ to warm th! -o*(/ or to impro#! *ig!sti#! f.nction in cas!s of na.s!a/ stomach ach!/ f,at.,!nc!/ -,oating/ constipation or ,ac1 of app!tit!. Th! !ss!ntia, oi, !as!s rh!.matic pain an* toothach!. 0t is antis!ptic an* anti-act!ria,/ an* r!*.c!s f!#!r.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Anti-act!ria,/ antis!ptic/ *ig!sti#!/ r!*.c!s

f!#!r. B45 RAC0SH

Raphanus sativus 7Cr.cif!ra!5 H0STORY A8C USES Ra*ish pro-a-,( is nati#! from so.th!rn Asia. 0t has -!!n .s!* for m!*icina, p.rpos!s -( th! Eg(ptians/ &r!!1s/ Romans an* Chin!s!. Ra*ish stim.,at!s th! app!tit! an* th! *ig!stion. Th! E.ic! of th! -,ac1 ra*ish is *r.n1 to co.nt!r gass( in*ig!stion an* constipation. B,ac1 ra*ish E.ic! has a tonic an* ,a:ati#! action on th! int!stin!s/ an* in*ir!ct,( stim.,at!s th! f,ow of -i,!. Cons.ming ra*ish g!n!ra,,( r!s.,ts in impro#!* *ig!stion/ -.t som! p!op,! ar! s!nsiti#! to its acri*it( an* strong action. 0n China/ ra*ish is !at!n to r!,i!#! a-*omina, *ist!ntion.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ mi,* ,a:ati#!.

B"5 RAU6OLG0A/ 08C0A8 S8AJEROOT Rauvolfia serpentina 7Apoc(nac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Ra.#o,fia is nati#! to so.th!rn an* so.th;!ast!rn Asia/ inc,.*ing 0n*ia/ a,a(sia an* 0n*on!sia. 0n*ian sna1!root contains r!s!rpin!/ a s.-stanc! now wi*!,( .s!* to ,ow!r -,oo* pr!ss.r! an* ,!ss!n som! s(mptoms of m!nta, i,,n!ss. Th! root has a prono.nc!* s!*ati#! an* *!pr!ssant !ff!ct on th! s(mpath!tic n!r#o.s s(st!m. B( r!*.cing th! s(st!m9s acti#it(/ th! h!r- -rings a-o.t th! ,ow!ring of -,oo* pr!ss.r!. 0t ma( a,so -! .s!* to tr!at an:i!t( an* insomnia/ as w!,, as mor! s!rio.s m!nta, h!a,th pro-,!ms s.ch as ps(chosis.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Anti*!pr!ssant/ ,ow!rs -,oo* pr!ss.r!.

B<5 RHUBARB/ CH08ESE RHUBARB Rheum palmatum 7Po,(sonac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to China an* Ti-!t/ chin!s! rh.-ar- is now grown a,so in th! A!st. Th! .s! of chin!s! rh.-ar- has -!!n r!port!* in th! 4st c!nt.r( AC in China an* it has -!!n c.,ti#at!* in th! A!st sinc! th! 4@th c!nt.r(. 0ts main .s! is as a ,a:ati#! saf! !#!n for (o.ng chi,*r!n *.! to its g!nt,! action. 0t is a,so !:tr!m!,( !ff!cti#! in th! tr!atm!nt for man( *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms. Para*o:ica,,(/ it is a ,a:ati#! wh!n ta1!n in ,arg! *os!s -.t has a constipating !ff!ct in

sma,, m!as.r!s. Th! rhi2om! has an astring!nt/ .np,!asant tast!. La:ati#!/ constipating/ astring!nt/ !as!s stomach pain/ anti-act!ria,.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

B=5 ROSE Rosa gallica 7Rosac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Th! ros! com!s origina,,( from Asia inor/ wh!r! it is c.,ti#at!* most,( in B.,garia/ 0ran an* 0n*ia. Ros!wat!r was pr!par!* -( th! Ara- ph(sician A#ic!nna 7AC ?@H;4H<>5 *.ring th! i**,! Ag!s an* th! R!naissanc!/ th! ros! was !st!!m!* as a r!m!*( for *!pr!ssion. Th! ros! is c.rr!nt,( ,itt,! .s!* in h!r-a, m!*icin!/ -.t it is pro-a-,( tim! for a r!;!#a,.ation of its m!*icina, -!n!fits. Th! !ss!ntia, oi,/ ca,,!* Dattar of ros!D/ is .s!* in aromath!rap( as a mi,*,( s!*ati#!/ anti*!pr!ssant an* anti;inf,ammator( r!m!*(. Ros! p!ta,s an* th!ir pr!parations ha#! a simi,ar action. Th!( a,so r!*.c! high cho,!st!ro, ,!#!,s. Ros!wat!r is mi,*,( astring!nt an* ma1!s a #a,.a-,! ,otion for inf,am!* an* sor! !(!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Aromatic/ anti*!pr!ssant// s!*ati#!/ anti;

inf,ammator(. B+5 ROSE ARY Rosmarinus officinalis 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES Ros!mar( is nati#! to th! !*it!rran!an r!gion. Ros!mar( is a w!,,;1nown an* gr!at,( #a,.!* h!r- that is nati#! to so.th!rn E.rop!. 0t has -!!n .s!* sinc! anti3.it( to impro#! an* str!ngth!n th! m!mor(. Ros!mar( ,!a#!s incr!as! circ.,ation/ r!*.c! h!a*ach!s an* ha#! anti;-act!ria, an* f.nga, prop!rti!s. Ros!mar( impro#!s foo* a-sor-tion -( stim.,ating *ig!stion/ th! ,i#!r/ th! int!stina, tract/ an* th! ga,,-,a**!r. 0t a,so is .s!* in antis!ptic garg,!s for sor! throats/ g.m pro-,!ms an* can1!r sor!s. Ros!mar( has a ,ong;stan*ing r!p.tation as a tonic/ in#igorating h!r-/ imparting a 2!st for ,if! that is to som! *!gr!! r!f,!ct!* in its *istincti#! aromatic tast!.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Tonic/ stim.,ant/ astring!nt/ n!r#in!/ anti; inf,ammator(/ carminati#!.

BB5 RUE

Ruta graveolens 7R.tac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES R.! is nati#! to So.th!rn E.rop!. 0n anci!nt &r!!c! an* Eg(pt/ r.! was !mp,o(!* to stim.,at! m!nstr.a, -,!!*ing/ to in*.c! a-ortion an* to str!ngth!n th! !(!sight. Th! r.tin contain!* in th! p,ant h!,ps to str!ngth!n fragi,! -,oo* #!ss!,s an* a,,!#iat!s #aricos! #!ins. R.! is a,so .s!* *.! to its antispasmo*ic prop!rti!s/ !sp!cia,,( in th! *ig!sti#! s(st!m wh!r! it !as!s griping an* -ow!, t!nsion. Th! !asing of spasms gi#!s it a ro,! in th! stopping of spasmo*ic co.ghs. 0n E.rop!an h!r-a, m!*icin!/ r.! has a,so -!!n ta1!n to tr!at con*itions as #ari!* as h(st!ria/ !pi,!ps(/ #!rtigo/ co,ic/ int!stina, worms/ poisoning an* !(! pro-,!ms. Th! ,att!r .s! is w!,, fo.n*!*/ as an inf.sion .s!* as an !(!wash -rings 3.ic1 r!,i!f to strain!* an* tir!* !(!s/ an* r!p.t!*,( impro#!s th! !(!sight.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Antispasmo*ic/ incr!as!s p!riph!ra, -,oo* circ.,ation/ r!,i!#!s !(! t!nsion.

B>5 SA&E/ CLARY CLARY SA&E !alvia sclarea 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES C,ar( sag! has -!!n p!rc!i#!* -oth as a w!a1!r #!rsion of its c,os! r!,ati#!/ sag! 7!. officinalis5/ an* as a significant h!r- in its own right. Sinc! th! s!!*s w!r! onc! common,( .s!* to tr!at !(! pro-,!ms/ it was a,so 1nown as Dc,!ar !(!D. An antispasmo*ic an* aromatic p,ant/ c,ar( sag! is .s!* to*a( main,( to tr!at *ig!sti#! pro-,!ms s.ch as win* an* in*ig!stion. 0t is a,so r!gar*!* as a tonic/ ca,ming h!r- that h!,ps r!,i!#! p!rio* pain an* pr!m!nstr.a, pro-,!ms. Owing to its !strog!n;stim.,ating action/ it is most !ff!cti#! wh!n ,!#!,s of this hormon! ar! ,ow. Astring!nt/ antis!ptic/ aromatic/ carminati#!/ !strog!nic/ r!*.c!s sw!ating/ tonic.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

B@5 SA&E !alvia officinalis 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES Sag! grows from north to c!ntra, Spain to th! w!st of Ba,1ans an* Asia inor. 0t was .s!* in Cr!t! in 4BHH AC to c,!ar throat

inf,ammation/ on! of its most pop.,ar .s!s to*a(. 0ts ,!a#!s ar! a w!,,;1nown co,* g!rm an* f,. fight!r. 0t has -!!n fo.n* to -! #!r( !ff!cti#! to r!*.c! man( ph(sica, !missions ,i1! sw!ating an* is an !:c!,,!nt r!m!*( for sor! throats/ poor *ig!stion an* irr!g.,ar p!rio*s. 0t is a,so ta1!n as a g!nt,( stim.,ating tonic. 0t has a s,ight,( warm/ notic!a-,( -itt!r an* astring!nt tast!. Astring!nt/ antis!ptic/ aromatic/ carminati#!/ !strog!nic/ r!*.c!s sw!ating/ tonic.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

B?5 SA8CALAOOC !antalum album 7Santa,ac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to !ast!rn 0n*ia/ san*a,woo* is c.,ti#at!* in So.th;East Asia for th! !:traction of woo* an* !ss!ntia, oi,. San*a,woo*9s aroma as -!!n high,( !st!!m!* in China an* 0n*ia for tho.san*s of (!ar. Th! h!artwoo* is most oft!n .s!* in p!rf.m!r(/ -.t it has a,so -!!n ta1!n as a r!m!*( in China sinc! aro.n* AC +HH. San*a,woo* an* its !ss!ntia, oi, ar! .s!* for th!ir antis!ptic prop!rti!s in tr!ating g!nito;.rinar( con*itions s.ch as c(stitis an* gonorrh!a. 0n 0n*ia/ a past! of th! woo* is .s!* to sooth! rash!s an* itch( s1in. 0n China/ san*a,woo* is h!,* to -! .s!f., for ch!st an* a-*omina, pain.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ aromatic.

>H5 SARSAPAR0LLA !mila" spp. 7Li,iac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Sarsapari,,a is fo.n* in th! tropica, for!st of th! wor,*/ !sp!cia,,( in !:ico/ P!r. an* Bra2i,. Th!r! ar! mor! than "HH 1nown sp!ci!s. Bro.ght from th! 8!w Aor,* to Spain in 4+B</ sarsapari,,a was h!ra,*!* as a c.r! for s(phi,is. 0n !:ico/ th! h!r- has tra*itiona,,( -!!n .s!* to tr!at a #ari!t( of s1in pro-,!ms. Sarsapari,,a is anti;inf,ammator( an* c,!ansing/ an* can -ring r!,i!f to s1in pro-,!ms s.ch as !c2!ma/ psoriasis an* g!n!ra, itchin!ss/ an* h!,p tr!at rh!.matism/ rh!.matoi*/ arthritis an* go.t. Sarsapari,,a a,so has a prog!st!rog!nic action/ ma1ing it -!n!ficia, in pr!;m!nstr.a, pro-,!ms/ an* m!nopa.sa, con*itions s.ch as *!-i,it( an* *!pr!ssion. 0n !:ico th! root is sti,, fr!3.!nt,( cons.m!* for its r!p.t!* tonic an* aphro*isiac prop!rti!s. 8ati#! Ama2onian p!op,!s ta1! sarsapari,,a to

impro#! #iri,it( an* to tr!at m!nopa.sa, pro-,!ms.

A08 PROPERT0ES:

Ci.r!tic/ anti;inf,ammator(/ anti;rh!.matic.

>45 SCOTS P08E Pinus sylvestris 7Pinac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to th! mo.ntaino.s r!gions of E.rop! an* north an* w!st Asia. 0ts oi,/ !:tract!* from th! ,!a#!s/ is a**!* to *isinf!ctants an* oth!r pr!parations. Scots pin! ,!a#!s/ ta1!n int!rna,,(/ ha#! a mi,*,( antis!ptic !ff!ct within th! ch!st/ an* ma( a,so -! .s!* for arthritic an* rh!.matic pro-,!ms. Ess!ntia, oi, from th! ,!a#!s ma( -! ta1!n for asthma/ -ronchitis an* oth!r r!spirator( inf!ctions/ an* for *ig!sti#! *isor*!rs s.ch as win*. Scots pin! -ranch!s an* st!ms (i!,* a thic1 r!sin/ which is a,so antis!ptic within th! r!spirator( tract. Th! s!!*s (i!,* an !ss!ntia, oi, with *i.r!tic an* r!spirator(;stim.,ant prop!rti!s.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ *i.r!tic an* anti;rh!.matic.

>"5 SESA E !esamum indicum 7P!*a,iac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to Africa/ s!sam! is now c.,ti#at!* in man( tropica, an* s.-;tropica, ar!as of th! wor,*. 0n anci!nt Eg(pt/ th! s!!*s w!r! !at!n an* a,so pr!ss!* to (i!,* oi,/ which was -.rn!* in ,amps an* .s!* to ma1! ointm!nts. S!sam! is .s!* in China to r!*r!ss aff,ictions of th! ,i#!r an* 1i*n!(s. Th! s!!*s ar! pr!scri-!* for pro-,!ms s.ch as *i22in!ss/ tinnit.s 7ringing in th! !ars5/ an* -,.rr!* #ision. Owing to th!ir ,.-ricating !ff!ct within th! *ig!sti#! tract/ th! s!!*s ar! a,so consi*!r!* a r!m!*( for constipation. S!sam! s!!* oi, -!n!fits th! s1in an* is .s!* as a -as! for cosm!tics. A *!coction of th! root is .s!* in #ario.s tra*itions to tr!at co.ghs an* asthma.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Cig!sti#!/ aromatic/ antispasmo*ic.

><5 ST IOH89S AORT ypericum perforatum 7&.ttif!ra!5 H0STORY A8C USES

Th! p,ant is nati#! to E.rop! -.t is wi*!,( c.,ti#at!* !,s!wh!r!. St. Iohn9s wort f,ow!rs at th! tim! of th! s.mm!r so,stic!/ an* in m!*i!#a, E.rop! it was consi*!r!* to ha#! pow!rf., magica, prop!rti!s that !na-,!* it to r!p!, !#i,. Th! most w!,,;1nown action of St. Iohn9s wort is in r!pairing n!r#! *amag! an* r!*.cing pain an* inf,ammation. 0t is ta1!n to r!,i!#! th! pain of m!nstr.a, cramps/ sciatica an* arthritis. Th oi,s is app,i!* to inf,ammations/ sprains/ -r.is!s an* #aricos! #!ins. St. Iohn9s wort is a,so .s!* to tr!at circ.,ation pro-,!ms/ -ronchitis an* go.t.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti*!pr!ssant/ antispasmo*ic/ astring!nt/ s!*ati#!/ r!,i!#!s pain/ anti;#ira,.

>=5 TARRA&O8 Artemisia dracunculus 7Composita!5 H0STORY A8C USES Tarragon is pro-a-,( nati#! of so.th!rn E.rop! or th! st!pp!s of Asia. Historians -!,i!#! that tarragon r!ach!* E.rop! -ro.ght into Spain -( in#a*ing ongo,s. Tarragon is wi*!,( .s!* as a h!r- in coo1ing. 0n Gr!nch/ it is som!tim!s 1nown as herbe au dragon/ -!ca.s! of its r!p.t!* a-i,it( to c.r! s!rp!nt -it!s. Ahi,! tarragon stim.,at!s th! *ig!stion/ it is r!p.t!* to -! a mi,* s!*ati#! an* has -!!n ta1!n to ai* s,!!p. Aith its mi,* m!nstr.ation;in*.cing prop!rti!s/ it is ta1!n if p!rio*s ar! *!,a(!*. Th! root has tra*itiona,,( -!!n app,i!* to aching t!!th.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Anti;inf,ammator(/ *ig!sti#!.

>+5 TEA TREE Malaleuca alternifolia 7 (rtac!a!5 T!a tr!! is nati#! to A.stra,ia an* is now c.,ti#at!* !:t!nsi#!,(. T!a tr!!/ an* in partic.,ar its !ss!ntia, oi,/ is on! of th! most important nat.ra, antis!ptics. Us!f., for stings/ -.rns/ wo.n*s an* s1in inf!ctions of a,, 1in*s/ th! h!r- m!rits a p,ac! in !#!r( m!*icin! ch!st. 0ts th!rap!.tic prop!rti!s w!r! first r!s!arch!* *.ring th! 4?"Hs an* it is now wi*!,( .s!* in E.rop! an* th! US/ as w!,, as in A.stra,ia.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ anti-act!ria,/ anti;f.nga,/ anti;

#ira,. >B5 THY E

)hymus vulgaris 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES Th(m! occ.rs in th! w!st !*it!rran!an to th! so.thw!st 0ta,(. Th! h!r- was 1nown to th! S.m!rians/ .s!* -( th! Eg(ptians/ &r!!1s an* Romans. Th(m! was prais!* -( th! h!r-a,ist 8icho,as C.,p!p!r 74B4B;4B+=5 as Da nota-,! str!ngth!n!r of th! ,.ngsD. 0ts main m!*icina, app,ication is in tr!ating co.ghs an* c,!aring cong!stion. an( c.rr!nt form.,as for mo.th wash!s an* #apor r.-s contain th(mo,/ on! of th! constit.!nts fo.n* in th(m!. 0t a,so impro#!s *ig!stion/ *!stro(s int!stina, parasit!s an* is an !:c!,,!nt antis!ptic an* tonic.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ tonic/ r!,i!#!s m.sc,! spasm/

!:p!ctorant. >>5 TUR ER0C $urcuma longa s(n. $. domestica 7Fingi-!rac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES T.rm!ric is nati#! to 0n*ia an* so.th!rn Asia wh!r! it is !:t!nsi#!,( c.,ti#at!*. B!st 1nown for its -right (!,,ow co,or an* spic( tast! to ,o#!rs of 0n*ian foo*/ its m!*icina, #a,.! is not so w!,, 1nown. How!#!r/ r!c!nt r!s!arch has confirm!* th! !ff!cts tra*itiona,,( associat!* in anci!nt practic!s in th! tr!atm!nt of *ig!sti#! an* ,i#!r pro-,!ms. Th! h!r- has a,so -!!n shown to inhi-it -,oo*;c,otting/ r!,i!#! inf,ammator( con*itions an* h!,p ,ow!r cho,!st!ro, ,!#!,s. Stim.,at!s s!cr!tion of -i,!/ anti; inf,ammator(/ !as!s stomach pain/ antio:i*ant/ anti-act!ria,.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

>@5 6ALER0A8 0aleriana officinalis 76a,!rianac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 6a,!rian is nati#! to E.rop! an* w!st!rn Asia. Th! m!*icina, prop!rti!s of #a,!rian w!r! w!,, 1nown at ,!ast sinc! Roman tim!s. 6a,!rian root is a g!n!ra, tran3.i,i2!r .s!* for r!,i!#ing n!r#o.s t!nsion/ insomnia an* h!a*ach!s. 6a,!rian *!cr!as!s m.sc.,ar spasm/ -!ing .s!f., in cas!s of n!r#o.s *ig!stion/ -ow!, s(n*rom!/ stomach an* m!nstr.a, cramps. 6a,!rian h!,ps r!,i!#! str!ss an* has -!com! an incr!asing,( pop.,ar r!m!*( in r!c!nt

*!ca*!s. 0t is a saf!/ non;a**icti#! r!,a:ant that r!*.c!s n!r#o.s t!nsion an* an:i!t( an* promot!s r!stf., s,!!p.
A08 PROPERT0ES: S!*ati#!/ r!,a:ant/ r!,i!#!s m.sc,! spasm/ r!,i!#!s an:i!t(/ ,ow!rs -,oo* pr!ss.r!.

>?5 6ERBE8A 0erbena officinalis 76!r-!nac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! of E.rop!/ #!r-!na is !:t!nsi#!,( c.,ti#at!* in oth!r co.ntri!s. 6!r-!na has ,ong -!!n cr!*it!* with magica, prop!rti!s an* was .s!* in c!r!moni!s -( th! Romans/ Cr.i*s of anci!nt Britain an* &a.,. 0t is a tra*itiona, h!r-a, m!*icin! in -oth China an* E.rop!. 6!r-!na is .s!* in mo.th wash!s for inf!ct!* g.ms an* as a po.,tic! for h!morrhoi*s. A t!a has -!!n .s!* as a n!r#! tonic/ to tr!at insomnia an* to h!,p *ig!stion. C 0t has tonic/ r!storati#! prop!rti!s/ an* is .s!* to r!,i!#! str!ss an* an:i!t(/ an* to impro#! *ig!sti#! f.nction.
A08 PROPERT0ES: 8!r#in!/ tonic/ mi,* s!*ati#!/ stim.,at!s -i,! s!cr!tion/ mi,* -itt!r.

@H5 AH0TE A0LLOA !ali" alba 7Sa,icac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Ahit! wi,,ow is nati#! to E.rop! -.t is a,so fo.n* in 8orth Africa an* Asia. Ahit! wi,,ow is an !:c!,,!nt r!m!*( for arthritic an* rh!.matic pain/ aff!cting th! Eoints ,i1! 1n!!s an* hips. Gamo.s as th! origina, so.rc! of sa,ic(,ic aci*/ first iso,at!* in 4@<@ an* s(nth!tica,,( pro*.c!* in th! ,a-orator( in 4@??/ whit! wi,,ow an* c,os!,( r!,at!* sp!ci!s ha#! -!!n .s!* for tho.san*s of (!ars in E.rop!/ Africa/ Asia an* 8orth Am!rica to r!,i!#! Eoint pain an* manag! f!#!rs. Th! &r!!1 ph(sician Ciscori*!s in th! 4st c!nt.r( AC/ s.gg!st!* ta1ing Dwi,,ow ,!a#!s/ mash!* with a ,itt,! p!pp!r an* *r.n1 with win!D to r!,i!#! ,ow!r -ac1 pain.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Anti;inf,ammator(/ ana,g!sic/ r!*.c!s f!#!r/ anti;rh!.matic/ astring!nt.

@45 AOR AOOC Artemisia absinthium 7Composita!5

H0STORY A8C USES 8ati#! to E.rop!/ wormwoo* was ca,,!* absintium -( th! Romans/ what m!ans D-itt!rD. Aormwoo* ,!a#!9s primar( .s!s is to stim.,at! th! ga,,-,a**!r/ h!,p pr!#!nt an* r!,!as! ston!s/ an* to a*E.st *ig!sti#! ma,f.nctions. 0t a,so incr!as!s -i,! s!cr!tion an* is .s!f., in !:p!,,ing int!stina, worms. 0t is ta1!n in sma,, *os!s an* sipp!*/ th! int!ns!,( -itt!r tast! p,a(ing an important part in its th!rap!.tic !ff!ct. 0n th! past/ wormwoo* was on! of th! main f,a#orings of #!rmo.th 7whos! nam! *!ri#!s from th! &!rman for wormwoo*5.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Aromatic -itt!r/ stim.,at!s s!cr!tion of -i,!/ anti;inf,ammator(/ !,iminat!s worms/ !as!s stomach pains/ mi,* anti*!pr!ssant.

@"5 A0LC THY E )hymus serpyllum 7La-iata!5 H0STORY A8C USES Th(m! is nati#! to th! w!st !*it!rran!an to so.thw!st 0ta,(. Li1! its c,os! r!,ati#! th(m! 7)hymus vulgaris5/ wi,* th(m! is strong,( antis!ptic an* anti;f.nga,. 0t ma( -! ta1!n as an inf.sion or s(r.p to tr!at f,. an* co,*s/ sor! throats/ co.ghs/ whooping co.gh/ ch!st inf!ctions/ an* -ronchitis. Ai,* th(m! has anti; catarrha, prop!rti!s an* h!,ps c,!ar a st.ff( nos!/ sin.sitis/ !ar cong!stion an* r!,at!* comp,aints. 0t has -!!n .s!* to !:p!, thr!a* worms an* ro.n*worms in chi,*r!n/ an* is .s!* to s!tt,! win* an* co,ic. Ai,* th(m!9s antispasmo*ic action ma1!s it .s!f., an* is .s!* to s!tt,! win* an* co,ic. Ai,* th(m! is a,so .s!* in h!r-a, -aths an* pi,,ows.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ anti;f.nga,/ antispasmo*ic.

@<5 YARROA Achillea millefolium 7Composita!5 H0STORY A8C USES Yarrow is a nati#! E.rop!an p,ant/ with a ,ong histor( as a wo.n* h!a,!r. 0n c,assica, tim!s/ it was 1nown as herba militaris/ -!ing .s!* to sta.nch war wo.n*s. 0t has ,ong -!!n ta1!n as a str!ngth!ning -itt!r tonic an* a,, 1in*s of -itt!r *rin1s ha#! -!!n ma*! from it. Yarrow h!,ps r!co#!r( from co,*s an* f,. an* is

-!n!ficia, for ha( f!#!r. 0t is a,so h!,pf., for m!nstr.a, pro-,!ms an* circ.,ator( *isor*!rs.
A08 PROPERT0ES: Antispasmo*ic/ astring!nt/ -itt!r tonic/ incr!as!s sw!ating/ ,ow!rs -,oo* pr!ss.r!/ r!*.c!s f!#!r/ mi,* *i.r!tic an* .rinar( antis!ptic.

@=5 YLA8& ;YLA8& $anananga odorata s(n. $anangium odoratum 7Annonac!a!5 H0STORY A8C USES Y,ang;(,ang is nati#! to 0n*on!sia an* th! Phi,ippin!s. Th! f,ow!rs ar! a tra*itiona, a*ornm!nt in th! Gar East. Th!ir sc!nt is tho.ght to ha#! aphro*isiac 3.a,iti!s. Th! f,ow!rs an* !ss!ntia, oi, ar! s!*ati#! an* antis!ptic. Th! oi, has a soothing !ff!ct/ an* its main th!rap!.tic .s!s ar! to s,ow an !:c!ssi#!,( fast h!art rat! an* to ,ow!r -,oo* pr!ss.r!. Aith its r!p.tation as an aphro*isiac/ (,ang;(,ang ma( -! h!,pf., in tr!ating impot!nc!.
A08 PROPERT0ES:

Antis!ptic/ aromatic/ r!g.,at!s -,oo* pr!ss.r!