WORKING PAPER BASIC ENGLISH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Created by:

Cindy Christianty Oktaviani Lestari Putri Vivian Velesia

JURUSAN GIZI POLTEKKES KEMENKES PALANGKA RAYA TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

Table of Contents
CHAPTER I......................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 3
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Formulation of the Problem ............................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................... 4 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Definition ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Use of Active and Passive Voice ..................................................................................... 5 2.3 Form of Active and Passive Voice ................................................................................... 6 2.4 Passive Voice in many tenses........................................................................................... 7 2.5 Difference between Active and Passive Voice .............................................................. 11 2.6 How to Change Active Voice to Passive Voice and contrary ........................................ 11

CHAPTER III ................................................................................................... 15 CLOSING .......................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 15

REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 16

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

Learning English is one of the best decisions one can make in order to improve their communication skills. Various statistics show that there are over three hundred million people in the world who speak English as a second language, and there are over one hundred million more that use the language as a preferred form of communication. Today, English is the official language of business communications in most countries. In this technological age, internet access is becoming a right rather than a privilege. Many business are now choosing to have their employees learn English online to save both money and time. If you are having difficulty learning how to sharpen your communication skills, you can use the Internet to further your English speaking. These services can help anyone from an intermediate to a native speaker, and you can learn from the comfort of home on your schedule. Most courses will allow you to pay as you go. No one can deny the impact of globalization on society and business- it has truly changed the way we communicate with people all over the world. To help you be a more effective communicator, you need a reliable way to learn and retain English.

1.2 Purpose
This assignment was created for fulfill the task of Basic English that given for us and to give information of active and passive voice.

1.3 Formulation of the Problem

1. 2. 3. 4. What is the definition of active voice and active voice? What is the use of active and passive voice? How to make active and passive voice? Different between active and passive voice?

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
2.1 Definition
Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. In passive voice sentences, the subject is acted upon by the verb.

A. Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.

Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

B. Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive. Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.

Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.

2.2 Use of Active and Passive Voice A. Active Voice

Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominativeaccusative languages, including English and most other Indo-European languages. Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action designated by the verb.[1] A sentence whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active sentence. In contrast, a sentence in which the subject has the role of patient or theme is named a passive sentence, and its verb is expressed in passive voice. Many languages have both an active and a passive voice; this allows for greater flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient may take the syntactic role of subject. B. Passive Voice Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen. In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: A mistake was made. In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.

2.3 Form of Active and Passive Voice A. Form of Active Voice

The form of active voice is:

Explaination: Direct object (can be noun, pronoun, or noun substitute) added only if action is transitive verb. Example of Active voice: Explaination:

doer of action = bold action = italic receiver of action = underline No 1 2 3 4 5 Example Active Voice That student cleaned the whiteboard. The study tour participants will also visit Tanah Lot. Laura hasnt paid her electricity and water bills yet. They live in poverty for many years. People in the country consume large amounts of potatoes and onions.

B. Form of Passive Voice

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

2.4 Passive Voice in many tenses

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:
A. Simple Present Tense

Active Passive Example: Active Passive

: S + do/does + not + V1 : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O

: She doesn't write the book : The book isn't written by her

B. Present Continuous Tense

Active Passive Example: Active Passive

: S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V1-ing : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + being + V3 + by + O

: She isn't reading the book : The book isn't being read by her

C. Present Perfect Tense

Active Passive Example: Active Passive

: S + have/has + not + V3 + O : S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O

: She hasn't written the book : The book hasn't been written by her

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + have/has + not + been + being + V3 + by + O Example: Active Passive
E. Simple Past Tense

: She hasn't been reading the book : The book hasn't been being read by her

Active Passive

: S + did + not + V1 : S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She didn't write a letter Passive : A letter wasn't written by her
F. Past Continuous Tense

Active Passive

: S + to be (was, were) + not + V1-ing + O : S + to be (was, were) + not + being + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She wasn't washing the car Passive : The car wasn't being washed by her
G. Past Perfect Tense

Active Passive

: S + had + not + V3 + O : S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She hadn't washed the car Passive : The car hadn't been washed by her
H. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Passive

: S + had + not + been + V1-ing + O : S + had + not + been + being + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She hadn't been washing the car Passive : The car hadn't been being washed by her
I. Simple Future Tense

Active Passive Example: Active Passive

: S + will + not + V1 + O : S + will + not + be + V3 + by + O

: She won't wash the car : The car won't be washed by her

J. Future Continuous Tense

Active Passive

: S + will + not + be + V1-ing + O : S + will + not + be + being + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She won'tl be washing the car Passive : The car won't be being washed by her
K. Future Perfect Tense

Active Passive

: S + will + not + have + V3 + O : S + will + not + have + been + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She won't have washed the car Passive : The car won't have been washed by her
L. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Passive

: S + will + not + have + been + V1-ing + O : S + will + not + have + been + being + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She won't have been washing the car

Passive

: The car won't have been being washed by her

M. Simple Future Past Tense

Active Passive

: S + would +not + V1 : S + would + not + be + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She wouldn't wash the car Passive : The car wouldn't be washed by her
N. Future Past Continuous Tense

Active Passive

: S + would + not + be + V1-ing + O : S + would + not + be + being + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She wouldn't be washing the car Passive : The car wouldn't be being washed by her
O. Future Past Perfect Tense

Active Passive

: S + would + not + have + V3 + O : S + would + not + have + been + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She wouldn't have washed the car Passive : The car wouldn't have been washed by her
P. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Passive

: S + would + not + have + been + V1-ing + O : S + would + not + have + been +being + V3 + by + O

Example: Active : She wouldn't have been washing the car Passive : The car wouldn't have been being washed by her

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses: Infinitive present past Simple future conditional present past Continuous future conditional present past perfect simple future conditional present past perfect continuous future conditional It will have been being washed. It would have been being washed. It will have been washed. It would have been washed. It has been being washed. It had been being washed. It will be being washed. It would be being washed. It has been washed. It had been washed. It will be washed. It would be washed. It is being washed. It was being washed. to be washed It is washed. It was washed.

2.5 Difference between Active and Passive Voice

In a sentence written in the active voice, the subject of sentence performs the action. In a sentence written in the passive voice the subject receives the action.

Active The candidate believes that Congress must place a ceiling on the budget.

Passive It is believed by the candidate that a ceiling must be placed on the budget by Congress.

Researchers earlier showed that high stress can cause heart attacks.

It was earlier demonstrated that heart attacks can be caused by high stress.

The dog bit the man.

The man was bitten by the dog.

2.6 How to Change Active Voice to Passive Voice and contrary

To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following: 1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot

2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by

3. Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb's form

Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning. As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in active voice flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in passive voice.

It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice. To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above. 1. Move the passive sentence's subject into the active sentence's direct object slot

2. Remove the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed

3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.

Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible. The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when

the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence Examples

the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action Examples

the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.

CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1 Summary
Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. In passive voice sentences, the subject is acted upon by the verb. We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be.

REFERENCES
http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm http://annur93.blogspot.com/2011/09/rumus-rumus-passive-voice-16-tenses_28.html http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/CCS_activevoice.html Wikipedia.com