THEME

: INTERACTION BETWEEN CHEMICALS

Learning Area: 8. Salts Learning Objectives: 8.1 Synthesising salts Learning Outcomes: A student is able to: State examples of salts used in daily life Explain the meaning of salt Identify soluble and insoluble salts a! to start a "esson Teac#er Teacher shows a labelled pac et of sodium chloride. !: "hat is this# !: Is sodium chloride the only salt# Teacher then shows samples of a few salts $e.g. crystal salts of different colours such as potassium chloride% copper $II& sulphate% lead $II& iodide% iron $II& sulphate and iron $III& chloride& in labelled bea ers. !: 'o you now these are salts too# +oooh,,, "hy do you call them -salts.# Interesting Stu$ents% e&'ecte$ correct ans er Notes

Table salt (es)*o $accept any answer with no comments&

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!: $i&In which chapter ha/e you 0hapter 1% Acid and base learned about salts # $ii& *ame the type of reaction that *eutralisation can produce salts. T: In this chapter% we are going to learn more about salts.

$short pause& T: These are salts found in the lab. $2ointing at the coloured salts& T: Sodium chloride is the salt that we use in coo ing e/eryday. $2ointing at table salt& !: 0an you name any salts that we *o answer from students. normally use at home# Teacher shows a pac et of -A3inomoto. and as s% 40an you name the chemical compound used in -A3inomoto.# Teacher as s a student to read the 5onosodium glutamate content stated on the pac et label. !: Any other examples of salts used in 6a ing powder $sodium bicarbonate& daily life# 7ertiliser $ammonium phosphate& 'isinfectant $2otassium manganate $8II&&

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$To de/elop the meaning of salt& Teacher helps students to recall the pre/ious lesson on neutralisation by showing the 0' 9 $:esson 18;& from 22<. !: 0an you still remember the two Salt and water. products of neutralisation# Teacher writes the following e=uations on the board and then as s students to come out and complete the e=uations: a& b& c& *a+> ? >0l @ <+> ? >0l @ *>A+> ? >*+B @ a& *a0l ? >C+ b& <0l ? >C+ c& *>A*+B ? >C+ ; Ta e note of the error on the word e=uation for the neutralisation reaction.

Teacher then as s students to write a& sodium chloride the name of the salts $below the b& potassium chloride formula& in the e=uations stated abo/e. c& ammonium nitrate Teacher highlights all the ->.s in the acids in the e=uations on the board with red colour and also the metal and ammonium ions in the salts with the same colour.

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!: :et.s compare the formulae of the The ->.s in the formulae of the acids acids and the salts formed. "hat ha/e been replaced by the metal or do you notice# ammonium ions from the al alis. !: So what are salts# Salts are compounds formed from $This =uestion may need to be bro en acids when the hydrogen ions in the down as follows if no answer is gi/en.& acids are replaced by the metal or ammonium ions. !: "hat are salts formed from# Acids

Teacher may ha/e to repeat this acti/ity until the students can see the replacement of ->.s by the metal ions or ammonium ions from the al alis.

If answer gi/en by students is -acid and base.% then teacher as s this =uestion: !: "hat about this reaction# Gn ? C>0l @ Gn0lC ? >C Teacher should emphasiHe that the metal ions in the salt need not come from the al alis)bases but the > ? ions in the acids are always replaced to form a salt.

!: "hat happened to the acids after The hydrogen ions in the acids are forming the salts# replaced by the metal or ammonium ions.

$Deinforcement acti/ity& Teacher as s students to write down the name of some salts formed from: a& hydrochloric acid b& sulphuric acid c& nitric acid Echloride saltsF Esulphate saltsF Enitrate saltsF

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Teacher as s students to complete the following e=uations: a& IIIIIIII ? IIIIIIII @ *a*+B ? >C+ b& IIIIIIII ? IIIIIIII @ 0u0lC ? >C+ c& IIIIIIII ? IIIIIIII @ $*>A&CS+A ? III>C+ $Extension& >*+B% *a+>

>0l% 0u$+>&C)0u+

>CS+A% *>A+> This extension is a counter example to emphasiHe on the meaning that salts are deri/ati/es of acids i.e. if there is no such acid% then there is no such salt.

!: Is magnesium oxide a salt# (es)*o. !: "hy# answer# 0an you explain your 5agnesium oxide is not a salt because there is no such acid formed when magnesium is replaced bac by ->. in the formula of 5g+. !: If magnesium oxide is not a salt% then what type of compound is

Accept both answers until reasons are gi/en. There is no such acid as ->+. or >C+ is not an acid when 5g in 5g+ is replaced bac by >.

If no answer% then teacher as s the following =uestion:

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magnesium oxide# $Ta e home tas & Defer to the wor sheet gi/en. !1: "hat is meant by salt#

6ase)ionic compound

!: Is it a base or an acid#

Salts are compounds formed from acids when the hydrogen ions in the acids are replaced by the metal or ammonium ions.

!C: Ji/e two examples of salts formed from a& b& c& d& e& hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid nitric acid carbonic acid ethanoic acid a& b& c& d& e& Eany two chloridesF Eany two sulphatesF Eany two nitratesF Eany two carbonatesF Eany two ethanoatesF

!B: $i& *ame the acid used to produce the following salts: a& lead $II& nitrate b& iron $II& chloride c& potassium sulphate $ii& "rite the e=uation for the formation of the salts mentioned in !B $i& using the acids that you ha/e named. a& nitric acid b& hydrochloric acid c& sulphuric acid EAnswers depend on the al ali)base)metal usedF

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Teac#er Teacher as s a few =uestion such as :

Stu$ents% e&'ecte$ correct ans er

Notes

$i& "hat substance do you add in to ma e your food more salty # Salt $ii& 0an you name the salt # $iii& 'o you thin it is soluble in water # Teacher gi/es a few samples of salt and as the student to identify soluble or insoluble salts. The salts gi/en are : ; :ead $II& nitrate ; Iron $II& chloride ; 2otassium sulphate ; 0opper$II& carbonate ; 0opper$II& sulphate ; Sil/er chloride ; :ead$II& sulphate ; Ammonium chloride ; 0alcium sulphate Teacher help student to differentiate soluble or insoluble salt by using acronym. Sodium chloride (es

Soluble salt K lead$II& nitrate% iron$II& *ote : Students must do the chloride%potassium sulphate% copper$II& experiment to determine solubility of sulphate% ammonium chloride salt and the salts must include 2b0lC% Ag0l% 6aS+A%2bS+A% 0aS+A. Insoluble salt K copper$II& carbonate% sil/er chloride% lead$II& sulphate% calcium sulphate Defer to the 0' courseware for further reinforcement.

Defer to the sheet of acronym gi/en

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"+D<S>EET TA<E >+5E TAS< !1: "hat is meant by salt# LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL !C: Ji/e two examples of salts formed from : Acid >ydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid *itric acid 0arbonic acid Ethanoic acid Example of salts

$a& $b& $c& $d& $e&

!B: 0omplete the table below to produce the following salts and write its chemical e=uation. Sa"t :ead$II& nitrate Iron$II& nitrate 2otassium sulphate C#emica"s use$ C#emica" e(uation

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TAS< S>EET 0omplete the table below by $ & for soluble salt and $ M & for insoluble salt Salt Soluble :ead$II& nitrate Iron$II& chloride 2otassium sulphate 0opper$II& carbonate 0opper$II& sulphate Sil/er chloride :ead$II& sulphate Ammonium chloride 0alcium sulphate S>EET +7 A0D+*(5 Sa"t Sodium% potassium and ammonium salts $Na+, K)* NH4+) Nitrate salt $NO3 & C#"ori$e salt $Cl -& Su"'#ate salt $SO42-& Carbonate salt $CO32-& All c#"ori$e salts are so"ub"e in water e&ce't +bC",* AgC" and HgC", All su"'#ate salts are so"ub"e in water e&ce't +bSO-* BaSO- and CaSO All carbonate salts are inso"ub"e e&ce't Na,CO.* /,CO. and 0NH-1,CO.
N

Insoluble

So"ubi"it! in ater All are so"ub"e

All are so"ub"e

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