PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KEBERKESANAN PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM SAINS

BAHAN SUMBER PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN

KIMIA

USAHASAMA: BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM DAN JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI

PREFACE
As a progressive nation, Ma a!sia nee"s to #reate a so#iet! t$at is s#ienti%i#a ! oriente", &no' e"gea( e, $aving a $ig$ #apa#it! %or #$ange, %or'ar") oo&ing, innovative, an" #ontri(*ting to s#ienti%i# an" te#$no ogi#a "eve op+ent in t$e %*t*re, T$ere%ore, t$ere is a nee" to pro"*#e #iti-ens '$o are #reative, #riti#a , in.*isitive, open)+in"e" an" #o+petent in s#ien#e an" te#$no og!, T$e pri+ar! an" se#on"ar! s#$oo s#ien#e #*rri#* *+ is "eve ope" 'it$ t$e ai+ o% pro"*#ing s*#$ in"ivi"*a s, Tea#$ing an" earning strategies in t$e pri+ar! an" se#on"ar! s#$oo s#ien#e #*rri#* *+ e+p$asise t$e "eve op+ent o% s#ienti%i# an" t$in&ing s&i s t$ro*g$ vario*s earning approa#$es s*#$ as in.*ir!) "is#over!, #onstr*#tivis+, #onte/t*a earning an" +aster! earning, Learning a#tivities are not 0*st #on%ine" to tra"itiona an" rote earning (*t instea" geare" to'ar"s a#tivating p*pi s1 #riti#a an" #reative t$in&ing s&i s, T$e tea#$ing an" earning pro#ess ena( es p*pi s to a#.*ire &no' e"ge, +aster s&i s, "eve op s#ienti%i# attit*"es an" insti no( e va *es in an integrate" +anner, 2ee"(a#&s %ro+ s#ien#e tea#$ers on t$eir "i%%i#* ties in tea#$ing #ertain topi#s initiate" t$e i"ea to "eve op t$is tea#$ing reso*r#e, '$i#$ $as (een #are%* ! "esigne" %or eas! *n"erstan"ing an" i+p e+entation, E/pert tea#$ers 'ere invo ve" in tai oring t$e a#tivities t$at are #onsi"ere" as (est pra#ti#es in tea#$ing an" earning, As e/e+p ars 'it$ t$e intention o% provi"ing so+e g*i"an#e in +eeting t$e earning o*t#o+es, t$is tea#$ing reso*r#e provi"es i"eas %or tea#$ers to i+prove an" en$an#e t$eir tea#$ing strategies, Ministr! o% E"*#ation 'o* " i&e to t$an& t$e o%%i#ers %ro+ t$e 3*rri#* *+ Deve op+ent Division, State E"*#ation Depart+ents, Distri#t E"*#ation 4%%i#es, e/pert s#ien#e tea#$ers, an" ot$ers '$o #ontri(*te" to t$e +ateria isation o% t$is tea#$ing reso*r#e,

CONTRIBUTORS
5, S#ien#e 3*rri#* *+ 4%%i#ers, 3*rri#* *+ Deve op+ent Division 6, S#ien#e 3*rri#* *+ 4%%i#ers, State E"*#ation Depart+ents 7, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Pri+ar! S#ien#e9 :, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Lo'er Se#on"ar! S#ien#e9 ;, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Upper Se#on"ar! S#ien#e9 <, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8P$!si#s9 =, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 83$e+istr!9 >, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8Bio og!9 ?, Pane Me+(ers o% S#ien#e S*(0e#t 8A""itiona S#ien#e9

TABLE OF CONTENTS page Pre%a#e 3ontri(*tors 3$apter ;: 3$e+i#a Bon"s ;,5 ;,6 ;,7 ;,: Un"erstan"ing 2or+ation o% 3o+po*n"s S!nt$esising I"eas on 2or+ation o% Ioni# Bon" S!nt$esising I"eas on 2or+ation o% 3ova ent Bon" a, (, #, ", e, @or&s$eets Pretest Post)Test Ta&e Ho+e Tas& Ans'er 5)< =)5= =)5= 5>)6< 6=)6? 7A)76 77)7< 7=)7? i ii

3$apter <: E e#tro#$e+istr! <,5 <,6 <,7 Un"erstan"ing t$e Properties o% E e#tro !tes an" non)E e#tro !tes :A):; Ana !sing t$e E e#tro !sis o% Mo ten 3o+po*n"s a, (, #, ", e, @or&s$eets Pretest Post)Test Ta&e Ho+e Tas& Ans'er :<):? ;A);= ;>)<5 <6)<; << <=)<>

3$apter =: A#i"s an" Bases =,5 =,6 =,7 =,: Ana !sing t$e 3$ara#teristi#s an" Porperties o% A#i"s an" Bases S!nt$esising t$e 3on#epts o% Strong A#i"s, @ea& A#i"s, Strong A &a is, an" @ea& A &a is Ana !sing t$e 3on#entration o% A#i"s an" A &a is a, (, #, ", e, @or&s$eets Pretest Post)Test Ta&e Ho+e Tas& Ans'er <?)=5 =6)=< ==)>7 >:)>? ?A)?6 ?7)?; ?<)5A? 5AA

3$apter >: Sa ts >,5 >,6 S!nt$esising Sa ts a, (, #, ", e, @or&s$eets Pretest Post)Test Ta&e Ho+e Tas& Ans'er 555)55? 56A 565)566 567)56: 56; 56<