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25 Votes
Original Philosophy
School of Thought
REALISM
Thinkers:
Aristotle Harris Broudy John oc!e John "omenius Johann Henrich Pestalo##i Jean Jac$ues %osseu
Assumptions
%eality is &hat &e observe' ()*erience e)ists only in the *hysical &orld' +ind is li!e a mirror receivin, ima,es only -rom the *hysical &orld' Nature is a *rimary sel-.evident reality, a startin, *oint in *hiloso*hi#in,' /nvesti,atin, and reasonin, are im*ortant in any e--ective ad0ustment to the real &orld in the control oe)*erience'
Role of Teachers
Hel* develo* initiative and ability to control e)*eriences' Hel* reali#e that they can enter into the meanin, o- their e)*eriences 1he students &ould be tau,ht -actual in-ormation -or mastery'
Models Strategies
1he use o- 2cienti-ic +ethods 4e-inin, the *roblem 5bservin, -actors related to *roblem Hy*othesi#in, 1estin, the hy*othesis
Educational Aim
3' 2' 6' 7'
8ives direction and -orm to individual9s basic *otentialities' 4etermines the direction o- the individual9s inherited tendencies' Provide an education that could *roduce a ,ood individual and a ,ood society by meetin, 7 *rinci*al need o- an individual' A*titude needs 2el-.determination needs 2el-.reali#ation needs' 2el-.inte,ration needs
!urriculum Emphasis
2tudy habits %esearch s!ills ibrary s!ills (valuation 5bservation ()*erimentation Analytical and critical thin!in,
School of Thought
I"EALISM
Thinkers:
Assumptions
(m*hasi#e the im*ortance o- mind, soul and s*irit' Believes in re-ined &isdom' Based on the vie& that reality is a &orld &ithin a *erson9s mind' 2chools e)ist to shar*en the mind and intellectual *rocesses' 5ne o- the oldest school o- thou,hts &ith its ori,in traced bac! to Plato9s ideas'
Role of Teachers
Models Strategies
Educational Aim
!urriculum Emphasis
School of Thought
Thinkers:
Assumptions
"onservative *hiloso*hy Primarily an American *hiloso*hy' >ocuses on re-lective thin!in,' 1he !no&led,e *rocess, the relationshi* o- ideas into action' (ncoura,es *eo*le to -ind *rocesses that &or! in order to attain desired ,oals' +a!es use o- e)*erience as a source o- !no&led,e
Role of Teachers
(ncoura,es and o--ers su,,estions, $uestions and hel* in *lannin, "urriculum *lanner'
Models Strategies
()*erimental +ethods
o o o o o o o o o o
Educational Aim
2tatement o- the *roblem Hy*othesi#in, /nvesti,atin, or data ,atherin, 1estin, hy*othesis >ormin, conclusions "reative and constructive *ro0ects >ield tri*s aboratory &or! Activity.centered 2tudent.centered activities
>or social e--iciency' 1rain the students to continuously and actively $uest -or in-ormation and *roduction o- ne& ideas needed to ad0ust to the ever.chan,in, society'
!urriculum Emphasis
"reation o- ne& social order /nte,rated and based on the *roblem o- society :N"B12 based;' 2ub0ects are interdisci*linary'
PERE%%IALISM
Thinkers:
Assumptions
+ost "onservative *hiloso*hy (ducation -ocuses on develo*in, rationality' (ducation is *re*aration -or li-e, and the students should be tau,ht o- the &orld9s *ermanencies throu,h structured studies' 1ruths are constant and universal'
Role of Teachers
Models Strategies
2ub0ect.centered' +ethods o- disci*linin, the mind throu,h readin, and discussion +emori#ation to develo* mastery'
Educational Aim
1o develo* *o&er o- thou,ht, internali#e truths that are universal and constant'
!urriculum Emphasis
School of Thought
Thinkers:
Assumptions
Assumes that values are embedded in the universe &aitin, to be discovered and understood' earnin, is relatively static, since there is only one &ay to understand the &orld that is already &ritten in the boo! :te)tboo! a**roach to learnin,;' 2tudy o- !no&led,e and s!ills based on the boo! is im*erative to become *roductive member o- the society'
Role of Teachers
Base the lesson to the boo!' Pre*are &ell.or,ani#ed lesson to *rove that he is an authority o- instruction'
Models Strategies
Educational Aim
Provide sound trainin, o- the -undamental s!ills' 4evelo* individual to *er-orm 0ustly, s!ill-ully and ma,nanimously'
!urriculum Emphasis
(m*hasis on essential s!ills in readin,, &ritin, and countin,' Hard sciences and vocational courses'
!ontemporary Philosophy
School of Thought
PRO#RESSI'ISM
Thinkers:
Assumptions
()actly o**osite o- *erennialism' Assumes that the &orld chan,es' earner must be tau,ht to be inde*endent, sel-.reliant thin!er, learn to disci*line himsel-, be res*onsible -or the conse$uences o- his actions' (m*hasi#e on the conce*t o- *ro,ress &hich asserts that human bein,s are ca*able o- im*rovin, and *er-ectin, their environment' "urriculum must be derived -rom the needs and interests o- the students'
Role of Teachers
Acts as a resource *erson 8uide or -acilitator o- learnin, :student.centered;' 1eaches students ho& to learn and become active *roblem solvers' 1eachers *rovide e)*eriences that &ill ma!e students active and not *assive'
Models Strategies
Educational Aim
1o *rovide the learner the necessary s!ills to be able to interact &ith his ever chan,in, environment'
!urriculum Emphasis
School of Thought
E$ISTE%TIALISM E$PERIME%TALISM
Thinkers:
Assumptions
+an has no -i)ed nature and he sha*es his bein, as he lives' +an e)ists o- his o&n choice' %eality is &hat you e)*erience' 2chool e)ists to discover and e)*and society &e live in' 2tudents study social e)*eriments and solve *roblems' ()istence *recedes essence'
Role of Teachers
8ood *rovider o- e)*eriences' (--ective $uestioner' +ental disci*linarian' "reates an atmos*here -or active interaction' 4iscuss the di--erent situations based on each individual e)*eriences'
Models Strategies
Educational Aim
!urriculum Emphasis
School of Thought
RE!O%STR(!TIO%ALISM
Thinkers:
1heodore Brameld 8eor,e 2ylvester "ounts Paulo %e,lus Neves >reire /van /llich
Assumptions
+an to a si,ni-icant de,ree *lan and control his society' 2ociety is in need o- constant reconstruction' 2ocial chan,e involves a reconstruction o- education and the use o- education in reconstructin, society' +an!ind has the intellectual, technolo,ical, and moral *otential to create a &orld civili#ation o- abundance, health and human ca*acity'
Role of Teachers
ead the learners in desi,nin, *ro,rams -or social, educational, *ractical and economic chan,e' Primary a,ent o- social chan,e' /nitiates lively discussions on controversial issues, *olitical and educational' (nables the learners to critically e)amine their cultural herita,e'
Models Strategies
Educational Aim
(ducation is based on the $uest -or better society' (ducation enlivens the students9 a&areness o- di--erent societal *roblems'
!urriculum Emphasis
2tresses learnin, that enable the individual to live in a ,lobal milieu' "ontroversial national and international issues' (m*hasis on social sciences and social research methods@ e)amination o- social, economic and *olitical *roblems' >ocused on *resent and -uture trends'