Code: 9A10501

1
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Common to E.Con.E & EIE)

B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks
***** 1 (a) (b) Explain about measurement systems, with the help of neat block diagram. Give differences between the following. (i) Accuracy & precision. (ii) System errors & random errors. Write short notes on: Resistive temperature detectors (RTDs). Light dependent resistors (LDRs). Explain the voltage divider based resistance measurement technique. Explain how Wheatstone bridge can be used for deflection measurements.

Max. Marks: 70

2 (a) (b) 3 (a) (b) (a) (b)

Write short note on resolvers. A capacitive sensor consists of two concentric with diameters 40 mm and 8 mm. The storage tank is also cylindrical, 50 cm in diameter, 1.2 m height. The stored liquid has . Calculate the minimal and maximal capacitance for the sensor and its sensitivity. Discuss about the problems present in reactance variation sensors, and their alternatives. Write short notes on: Reversible thermoelectric effects. Pyroelectric materials. Explain the operating principle of electrometer amplifiers. Calculate the power spectral density of the output noise of a buffer amplifier based on an opamp, as a function of the output resistance signal source. Briefly explain about, sensors abased on MOSFET. Explain the principle of operation of magneto diode.

5 6 (a) (b) 7 (a) (b)

(a) (b)

*****

Code: 9A10501

2
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Common to E.Con.E & EIE)

B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks
***** 1 (a) (b) Explain about linearity and resolution in detail. Define the following terms: (i) Speed of response. (ii) Dynamic error. (iii) Precision.

Max. Marks: 70

(a) (b)

Discuss about light dependent resistors (LDRs). A 2 W, 1 k linear potentiometer is connected to a 20 k circuit. What is the maximal supply voltage allowed in order not to exceed the power rating? Explain about the three op-amps based instrumentation amplifier. Derive the expression for CMRR of the differential amplifier. Write short notes on: Synchros. Magnetoelastic sensors. Discuss about the analog linearization of capacitive bridge. Briefly explain about resolver to digital converters. Explain the principle of photovoltaic effect. A given piezoelectric sensor has a 100 pF capacitance and a charge sensitivity of 4 . The connecting eable has a 300 pF capacitance, and the measuring oscilloscope has an input impedance of 1 M , in parallel with 50 pF. Determine the voltage sensitivity of the measurement system at high frequency. Explain the principle of operation of chopper amplifiers. Discuss about the noise present in charge amplifiers. Write short notes on: Vibrating wire strain gauges. Charge coupled sensors. *****

(a) (b)

4 (a) (b) 5 (a) (b) (a) (b)

(a) (b)

8 (a) (b)

Code: 9A10501

3
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Common to E.Con.E & EIE)

B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks
***** 1 2 (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) Explain the static characteristics of measurement systems. Explain the principle of working of the magneto resistors. List the applications of the thermistors.

Max. Marks: 70

Explain any two techniques for measuring the resistance. Write about the different types of interference present in resistive sensors. Write about variable capacitor based sensors. Explain the operation principle of linear variable differential transformers. Explain the principle of carrier amplifiers. Explain the significance of carrier amplifiers in LVDT. Explain the following Piezoelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect. Write short notes on Composite amplifiers. Offsets and drifts in instrumentation amplifier. Briefly explain the different types of positional encoders. Write a note on fiber-optic sensors.

6 (a) (b) 7 (a) (b) 8 (a) (b)

*****

Code: 9A10501

4
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Common to E.Con.E & EIE)

B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks
***** 1 (a) (b)

Max. Marks: 70

Discuss about the sensor classification based on different parameters. (i) Explain about systematic errors. (ii) In order to measure the drop in the voltage across a resistor, we consider two alternative methods: 1. Use a voltmeter, whose accuracy is about 0.1% of the reading. 2. Use on ammeter whose accuracy is also about 0.1% of the reading and apply ohms law. If the resistor has 0.1% tolerance, which method is more accurate? Explain about linearization of thermistor, with relevant expressions. Explain the strain gage principle. Explain about the working principle of Wheatstone bridge in balanced measurements. Explain about the instrumentation amplifier based on two op-amps. Briefly explain about the differential capacitor based sensors. Write short notes on Hall effect sensors. Discuss about the sensitivity and linearity of AC bridges. Write short notes on digital to resolver converters. Explain the applications of Piezoelectric sensors. Explain the cold junction compensation technique in thermocouple circuits. Explain the terms offset and drift with respect to op-amp. A Piezoelectric hydrophone has a sensitivity of 0.5 pC/Pa and equivalent capacitance of 10 nF. Design a charge amplifier with 3 dB bandwidth from 10 Hz to 10 kHz and sensitivity 1 mV/Pa, including a protection resistor in series with op-amp inverting input. Write short notes on: Quartz digital thermometer. Ultrasonic-based sensors. *****

(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)

8 (a) (b)