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Course Wk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Lecture L1: Overview L2: Physics & Semiconductor Devices L3: CMOS Circuits #1 L4: CMOS Circuits #2 L5: MOS Transistor Theory L6: MOSFET Circuits L7: MOSFET Real World Effects L8: Basic CMOS Fabrication Process L9: CMOS Layout Design & Design Rules L10: Standard Cells & Stick Figure Layouts L11: Layouts & Simulation L12: Review for EXAM 1/3 L13: Verilog #1
Homework H0: Pre-course knowledge quiz (due wk 2 Monday before noon) H1: Basic CMOS Transistor Circuits (due wk 3 Tuesday) H2: MOSFET Theory & Modeling (due wk 4 Tuesday) H3: Circuit Level Simulation Using SPICE (due wk 6 Tuesday) H4: Fabrication & Layouts (due wk 6 Tuesday)
H5: Semiconductor Layout Tools (due wk 7 Thursday) EXAM 1/3 handout (due wk 7 Tuesday) H5: Verilog (due wk 8 Tuesday)
Outline
Review
Design Rules Layout Styles Standard Cell Layouts
Stick Diagrams Euler Paths Wiring Tracks and Spacing's Area Estimation Semiconductor Layout Tools
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Rules
A simplified, technology generations independent design rule system Express rules in terms of
Called Lambda rules
= f/2
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http:// http://www3.nd.edu/~cse/2013fa/40462/links.html Slide 7 VLSI Circuit Design, 11. CMOS Layout Design 3
Layout Styles
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Layout Styles
Custom
Random transistor and other component positioning and wiring
Standard Cell
Logic gates pre-designed Power rails (Vdd and Vss) on top and bottom Common N and P wells PMOS transistors on top NMOS transistors on bottom Gates wired together automatically using Place and Route Tool
Stick Diagrams
Stick diagrams help plan layout quickly
Need not be to scale Draw with color pencils or dry-erase markers Relative position of key components
What type of gates are these? What are the widths of the nmos and pmos transistors?
Slide 11 VLSI Circuit Design, 11. CMOS Layout Design 3
Vdd
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
Gnd
X
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X
VLSI Circuit Design, 11. CMOS Layout Design 3
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Gate Layout
Layout can be very time consuming Reducing this time can be expedited if you
Build a library of standard cells Design gates to fit together nicely
Inverter Layout
NOT to scale!
In
Out
What is the width of the nmos and pmos transistors? Why? What happens to size of inverter if we want to change widths?
Slide 15 VLSI Circuit Design, 11. CMOS Layout Design 3
B Out A N B
Question to be answered by later Euler Path algorithm: Can we draw diffusion as single long rectangles without gaps?
Slide 17 VLSI Circuit Design, 11. CMOS Layout Design 3
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D could be smaller?
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Gnd
Gnd
Gnd
Gnd
Vdd
Gnd
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Wiring Channel
Wiring Channel
Audience Questions: 1. How many levels of metal do we need for this? 2. How would you estimate the height of the wiring channels? 3. Why is deciding which logic gate standard cell goes where important?
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OUT I1 I2 I3 I4
Step 2: interconnect
Euler Paths
We start off with
Diffusion as one row, no breaks! Poly runs vertically
Approach:
Start with some transistor & trace path through rest of that type May require trial and error, and/or rearrangement
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E Y P
See if you can trace transistor gates in same order, crossing each gate once, for N and P networks independently
Where tracing means a path from source/drain of one to source/drain of next
B X P C O U T A X N B C E D Y N A
Without jumping
ordering CBADE works for N, not P ordering CBDEA works for P, not N ordering BCADE works for both!
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E Y P
B X P C O U T A X N B C E D Y N A
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Sticks Layout
A (B+C) + DE
E Y P
B X P C O U T A X N B C E D Y N A
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Example: NAND3
Horizontal n-active and p-active strips Vertical polysilicon gates Metal1 VDD rail at top Metal1 GND/VSS rail at bottom 32 by 40
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Example: O3AI
Sketch a stick diagram for O3AI and estimate area
( A B C)D
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Example: O3AI
Sketch a stick diagram for O3AI and estimate area
( A B C)D
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Example: O3AI
Sketch a stick diagram for O3AI and estimate area
( A B C)D
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Another Example
Consider F= ~((A+B) (C+D))
Sketch transistors Sketch stick diagram Estimate area
Area (in
2)
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Layout Tools
Drawing, Analyzing, and Verifying Circuit Layouts CAD-tools are necessary for practical layout work
Cadence Design Systems is one of the major Electronic Design Automation companies