Neurosurgery in Turkey

Ethem BESKONAKLI, M.D., Ph.D., President, Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Ankara Atatrk Research and Education Hospital Chief, Department of Neurological Surgery Bilkent, Ankara, TURKEY

Turkey

Anatolia
Anatolia was the main theater of countless immigrations,

invasions and occupations from the prehistoric ages to even the present day This led to a concentration of influences of a variety of civilizations and cultures All civilizations in and around Anatolia influenced the formation of medicine and surgery in the premodern era Erbengi A. , Naderi S, Elmac I.

Anatolian Civilization
Hatti civilization ( 2500-2000 BC) Troy-II settlement ( 2500-2000 BC) Hatti and Hittite principalities Ion civilization (1050-300 BC) Persian civilization (545-333 BC) Hellenistic and Roman ages ( 333

period ( 2000-1750 BC) Great Hittite Kingdom ( 1750-1200 BC) Aegean migration and invasion from Balkans ( 1200 BC) The Anatolian principalities during the Iron Age ( 1200-700 BC) Urartu civilization (900-600 BC) The civilization of Phrygia ( 750-300 BC), Lydia, Caria, and Lycia civilizations (700-300 bc)

BC- 395AD) The Byzantine civilization (AD 3301453) Short time Arabic era Seljuks ( AD 1071-1300) and Ottoman empires (AD 1299-1923) The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923

 Neurosurgery has a short background all over the world when

compared to other surgical fields

from most Western Countries medieval Anatolia

The process of surgical development in Turkey did not differ But we have some information about the neurosurgery in There are many reports of skull trepanations in Anatolia (reason

for?; medical reason?, bad spirits?)

Trepanation in Anatolia
Many trapanned skulls were

found in anatolian archaeological works The skulls were trepanned in more than 35 cases using 4 main techniques, including curettage, grooving, cutting, and drilling. There was evidence of healing in 19 of these cases, suggesting survival of the individuals after trepanation (Akurgal E.; Cultural history of Anatolia )

Medicine in and around Anatolia

Hippocrates ( 460-377 BC) Galen Ibn-i Sina (Avicenna) Ebubekr Muhammed Zekeriyya Rz (865-925) Ali bn Abbas el-Mecs (?-994) erafeddin Sabuncuolu (1465) Cerrah brahim (16th century) anzde Mehmet Ataullah (19th century)

Medicine in and around Anatolia

Al-Qanun (Ibn-i Sina -Avicenna) Alim-i Cerrh (Cerrah brahim)

Cerrahname (unknown)
Hulsa (Eb Thir Muhammed,Ed.) Hulsa-i Tbb (Cerrah Mesud,

Translation to Turkish)
Knnl-Cerrhn (anzde

Mehmet Ataullah)

bn-i Sina (Avicenna)

The Canon of Medicine by Ibn-i Sina

was first translated from Arabic into Latin in the 12th century and into Hebrew in 1279. It served as the main guide to medical science in Europe and was used in medical schools there until the mid-17th century.

Picture; BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA DI

BOLOGNA / NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE

bn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara Universty, Ankara

Medicine in Anatolia
The Gevher Nesibe Hospital

of Kayseri was one of the first organized hospitals in the world During their prosperous period, the Ottomans built many hospitals in many cities, including Bursa (1399), Istanbul (1470), Edirne (1488), and Manisa (1539) The Turkish-Islamic tradition of medicine advanced during the Ottoman period

erafeddin Sabuncuolu of Amasya

One of the notable examples of

medicine and surgery practice during this time is erefeddin Sabuncuoglu

He was born in 1465, Amasya, one

of the ancient city of central Anatolia

This Turkish physician wrote many

medical books, including a colored illustrated surgery book, Cerrahiyetul Haniye (Imperial Surgery), in the 15th century

erafeddin Sabuncuolu
(Cerrahiyetl Haniyye)
This atlas contains many neurosurgical applications for

epilepsy, hydrocephalus, headache, low back pain, sciatica, spinal dislocations and cauterization techniques

Cerrahiyetl Haniyye
(Imperial Surgery) Treatment of spinal dislocations

History of Modern Turkish Neurosurgery

1. Era: 1890 - 1909

2. Era: 1909 - 1933 3. Era: 1933 - 1950 4. Era: after 1950

Dr. Cemil Topuzlu (1866-1958)

He was the pioneer of modern Turkish Surgery in Turkey He presented a case of brain abscess in a French Surgery Society

meeting in 1894 This was a report of successful neurosurgical drainage of brain abscess just a few years after the report of McEwen

History of Modern Turkish Neurosurgery

In the beginning, neurosurgical applications were

performed by general surgeons

Most of these applications included procedures for

craniocerebral traumas, infections and procedures for pain relief

The first neurosurgeon, Dr. Abdulkadir Cahit Tuner,

started working in 1923, operating in some spinal cord, brain tumor and trigeminal neuralgia cases

History of Turkish Neurosurgery

Other neurosurgeons, Dr. Hami Dilek,

Dr. erif Baydur, and Dr. Cafer Tayyar Kankat, were trained in France and started to work in the mid 1930s was established in Istanbul in 1923, and the first neurosurgery training program started in the late 1940s

The first neurosurgery department

Dr. Mazhar Osman Usman

The developments contributing to

Turkish neurosurgery in the early 20th century were not limited to the surgical advancements There were also some advancements in neuroscience Mazhar Osman, founder of modern neuroscience in those days, sent many neuropsychiatrists for training in experimental psychiatry, neurology, neuropathology, and neurosurgery

Dr. Cahit Tuner (1892-1980) First Turkish Neurosurgeon (1923)

Dr. Hami Dilek (1898-1985) Second Turkish Neurosurgeon

First Lumbar Disc Surgery in Turkey : 1948

Mixter and Barrr; First Lumbar Disc Surgery ;

1933

First Turkish Neurosurgery Journal (1936-1947) Modern Cerrahi ve Nroirrji Mecmuas

First Turkish Neurosurgery Journal (1936-1947) Modern Cerrahi ve Nroirrji Mecmuas

This interesting journal was

published between 1936 and 1947 and is one of the earliest neurosurgery journals in the World

Prof. Dr. Mim Kemal ke (1884-1955)

First spinal fusion

(1925)

History of Turkish Neurosurgery 1940-1960 s

1940-1950 s; Istanbul University 1960; Hacettepe University, Ankara

1965; Ankara University, Ankara

1967; Ege University, Izmir 1972 ; Cukurova University, Adana Other centers were established in subsequent years

History of Turkish Neurosurgery 1940-1960 s

Dr. Feyyaz Berkay (1915-1993) He was the first Turkish surgeon

to complete formal neurosurgery training. Working between 1946 and 1951 in the United States, he was certified to the American Board of Neurosurgery Dr. Blent Tarcan (1914-1991) Another neurosurgeon of Istanbul University, He was also a brilliant composer in Turkey

Prof. Dr. Nurhan Avman

(1928-1988) First President of our society
First Cloward operation Dr. V. Cloward: First

for cervical disc herniation: 1964

Cloward operation: 1958

Professor M. Gazi Yaargil

Pioneer of aneurysm and microneurosurgery
He was born in Turkey Primary and high school in

Turkey Medical school in Germany Trained many neurosurgeons from Turkey

History of Turkish Neurosurgery

Today, there are 75 neurosurgery training centers and 1250

neurosurgeons in Turkey

Universty Hospitals State Hospitals Foundation Hospitals

There is an increasing number of publications by Turkish

neurosurgeons, contributing to the total body of literature in neurosurgery that of the advanced western countries.

The current state of neurosurgery in Turkey is parallel to

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

First Neurosurgical

Society in Turkey was founded in 1968 in Istanbul (Nroirrji Cemiyeti) 1982 during military rule

This society was closed in

In 1985, the Turkish

Neurosurgical Society was founded again, with Dr. Nurhan Avman serving as its first chair have 1050 members

Nowadays the society

Past Presidents
(on duty for maximum two years)

Nurhan Avman Aykut Erbengi zdemir Gray Tunalp zgen Ycel Kanpolat Osman Ekin zcan Ertekin Arasl Yama Takn M. Nur Altnrs M. Kemali Baykaner Kaya Aksoy M. Necmettin Pamir Nurcan zdamar . Seluk Palaolu Mehmet Zileli

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

OUR MAIN ORGANIZATIONS! Scientific (meetings, education, training)

Professional works (working principles, charges for neurosurgical procedures, base and extra salaries)
Social responsibility projects (civil initiative works)

Neurosurgery Training in Turkey

Duration of neurosurgery training is 6 years
-20 months are in other departments

Board certification Started at 2006 (written

and oral examination)

7 centers already have accreditation from

European Board

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Special Scientific Interest Groups;

Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Section Pediatric Neurosurgery Section Neurooncologic Surgery Section (inc. Skull base Surgery Section) Neurotrauma and Intensive Care Section Neurovascular Surgery Section Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Section (inc. Pain and Epilepsy surgery) Surgical Neuroanatomy Section

Committees for other works; 24 committees (ethics, foreign

relations, medico-legal, publications, accreditation, history, etc)

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Journals;
Turkish Neurosurgery
www.turkishneurosurgery.org.tr

Since 1994, 4 issues a year

Indexed in Pubmed (2007) Indexed in SCI-E (2008)

Trk Nroirrji Dergisi

(n Turkish) Since 1989 4 issues a year

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

News-Bulletins;

Main;

Groups News;

Turkish Neurosurgical Society; Books;

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Booklets;

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

http://www.turknorosirurji.org.tr

Meetings & Symposia

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Meetings;
Annual Congress; in May, 4 days, this year 24th meeting will be held in Antalya Spine section symposia; in October, 3 days Neurooncological surgery, Neurotrauma, Functional neurosurgery, Neurovascular surgery, Surgical Anatomy symposias; in September-December, 2 days Regional meetings; 30 meetings in one year

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Courses; Basic Courses; in March, 3 days, completed in 4 years Pediatric Neurosurgery Course; in April, 3 days, completed
in 3 years

Summer Spine School; in June, 4 days, completed in 2 years

Advanced Spine Course; in November, 3 days Research Symposia;
in May, 3 days

Training for Trainees Course; in April, 1 day

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

We also have;
Scientific Paper Awards Non-refundable Scholarships project supporting works exchange resident programs give counseling to other society

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

Last year in our 23nd annual congress;
Number Session

Oral Presentations Poster Discussions Electronic Poster workshop Total Papers

130 90 400

620

11 84

Total Participants; 1350

Turkish Neurosurgical Society

24th Annual Meeting will be held on May 2010 together with * 6th Neurosurgery Nurses Meeting * 2nd Korean-Turkish Neurosurgeons Friendship joint Meetings

Social Responsibility Projects (civil initiative works)

Memorial Forest

Social Responsibility Projects

www.oncedusun.org.tr

Social Responsibility Projects

nceDn! ( ThinkFirst like an

organization)
Yearly painting contest for

primary school students (Theme; how to protect our body from trauma)

Social Responsibility Projects

(Painting contest; First)

Social Responsibility Projects

(Painting contest; Second)

Social Responsibility Projects

(Painting contest; Third)

Exhibition

Social Responsibility Projects

nceDn! (ThinkFirst) Billboard warnings on the

roads (theme; protect of your body; sleepless, alcohol, seatbelt, speedy)

Thank you for coming. . .

This is the first

Middle East Neurosurgical symposia, and hope to organize future meetings every year in different countries

Thank you for coming. . .

We are looking

forward to your support for our bidding for 2017 WFNS Congress!
www.wfns2017.info