Test 5 Reading Comprehension (Heinemann) Questions 1-10

Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use. After centuries of being nomadic, of moving from place to place in pursuit of game or of fresh supplies of plant food, humans were finally able to stay in one place and systematically exploit the seasonal resources of one locality. This not only provided more abundant food but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground. As a result, societies developed knowledge and experience about the world around them; our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we know today. As centuries passed and human cultures evolved and blossomed, humans began to organi e their knowledge of nature into the broad field of natural history. !ne aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and medicine. The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect. "or instance, it was widely believed that a plant or part of a plant that resembled an internal organ would cure ailments of that organ. Thus, an extract made from a heart-shaped leaf might be prescribed for a person suffering from heart problems. All early societies included individuals who learned to use plants for medicinal purposes. #alves, potions, and brews made from leaves, roots, and the fruits of plants were devised to cure illnesses, to heal wounds, to ward off depression, and even as birth-control measures for women. !ften the early herbalists of a society guarded the knowledge of medicinal uses of plants for their select group. They became very powerful members of the early societies and were sometimes credited with magical or religious powers. $evertheless, the overall contributions of these early observers provided the rudiments of our present knowledge of drugs and their uses. 5. The phrase 0in this respect0 in lines %--%/ refers to (A) the development of human culture (*) the development of the field of natural history (+) the use of plants for drugs and medicine (,) the origin of knowledge of nature 6. The word 0extract0 in line %2 is closest in meaning to (A) design (*) substance (+) fungus (,) ailment 7. &hich of the following statements can be inferred from the passage' (A) The shape of a plant is indicative of its ability to cure ailments of a similarly shaped organ. (*) 8arly herbalists were unimaginative. (+) The work of early herbalists has nothing to do with present day medicine. (,) There is little relation between a cure for illness and the physical shape of a plant. 3. &hat is the purpose of the author in this passage' (A) To persuade (*) To inform (+) To entertain (,) To ridicule %9. The word 0rudiments. in meaning to (A) beginnings (*) history (+) re:uirements (,) protocol

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%. &hat does this passage mainly discuss' (A) !ne aspect of early natural history (*) The beginning of agriculture (+) ,rugs and their uses (,) The imagination of prehistoric man -. According to the passage, domestication of plants and animals probably occurred because of (A) need for more readily available food (*) lack of wild animals and plants (+) early man.s power as a hunter (,) the desire of prehistoric man to be nomadic /. The word 0this0 in line 1 refers to (A) providing food for man (*) man.s domestication of plants and animals (+) man.s ability to live on a smaller plot of land (,) the earliest condition of prehistoric man 2. The word 0blossomed0 in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) produced flowers (*) changed (+) learned (,) flourished 1. 4t can be inferred from the passage that an herbalist is which of the following' (A) A dreamer (*) An early historian (+) #omeone who uses plants in medicine (,) A farmer

Questions 11-21
#imply being bilingual does not :ualify someone to interpret. 4nterpreting is not merely a mechanical process of converting one sentence in language A into the same sentence in language *. ;ather, it.s a complex art in which thoughts and idioms that have no obvious analogues from tongue to tongue<or words that have multiple meanings<must :uickly be transformed in such a way that the message is clearly and accurately expressed to the listener. At one international conference, an American speaker said, 0=ou can>t make a silk purse out of a sow.s ear,0 which meant nothing to the #panish audience. The interpretation was, 0 A monkey in a silk dress is still a monkey0 < an idiom the #panish understood and that conveyed the same idea. There are two kinds of interpreters, simultaneous and consecutive, each re:uiring separate talents. The former, sitting in an isolated booth, usually at a large multilingual conference, speaks to listeners wearing headphones, interpreting what a foreign-language speaker says as he says it<actually a sentence behind. +onsecutive interpreters are the ones most international negotiators use. They are mainly employed for smaller meetings without sound booths, headphones, and other high-tech gear. 8:ually taxing in its own way, consecutive interpretation also re:uires two-person teams. A foreign speaker says his piece while the interpreter, using a special shorthand, takes notes and during a pause, tells the client what was said. +onsecutive translation constitutes the basis of both types of interpretation, as it develops the re:uisite analytical skills. &hile 33 percent of the interpreter.s work is done in the simultaneous mode, consecutive translation is used whenever a high degree of accuracy is re:uired. (+) consecutive interpreters (,) separate talents %6. 4t can be inferred from the passage that a necessary prere:uisite of being a translator is (A) being a linguist (*) being bilingual (+) being able to use high-tech e:uipment (,) working well with people %7. According to the passage, which of the following would a consecutive interpreter be used for' (A) A business transaction between two foreign speakers (*) A large meeting of many nations (+) A translation of a foreign book (,) An interpretation of a ma@or literary work %3. *ased on the description given in the passage, what would a simultaneous interpreter be most in need of' (A) A dictionary or phrase book (*) Advanced technical style in writing (+) Aeadphones and a booth (,) #horthand skills and a notepad -9. 4n line %6 the word 0taxing0 is closest in meaning to (A) expensive (*) rewarding (+) worrisome (,) demanding -%. 4t can be inferred from the passage that simultaneous translation (A) would be learned after mastering the skills of consecutive translation (*) is more accurate than consecutive translation (+) does not involve analytical skills (,) is not in high demand

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%%. &hat is the purpose of this passage' (A) To explain the scope of interpreting (*) To differentiate between simultaneous and consecutive interpreters (+) To state the :ualifications of an interpreter (,) To point out the importance of an interpreter %-. 4n line - the word 0converting0 is closest in meaning to (A) understanding (*) changing (+) reading (,) concluding %/. The word 0analogues0 in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) dictionaries (*) scripts (+) counterparts (,) anthologies %2. The author implies that most people are of the opinion that the skill of interpreting is (A) simpler than it really is (*) very complex and demanding (+) highly valued and admired (,) based on principles of business %1. The exarnple of the expression 0=ou can.t make a silk purse out of a sow.s ear0 in lines 6-7 is used to (A) show the differences in language A and language ? (*) stress the importance of word for word translation (*) emphasi e the need for translation of the meaning of the utterance (,) to point out the difference in attributes of animals in 8nglish and #panish %5. The phrase 0The former0 in line %- refers to (A) simultaneous interpreters (*) the booth

Questions 22-32
&atching for wildlife in the forest, we rarely see past the surface of things. #tanding on the ground floor, we scan the leafy rafters, entirely overlooking the living world in the soil beneath our feet. The forests basement is a secret world. As different from our own world as water is from air, the soil seems :uiet, even dead. *ut life bustles down belowB a cubic inch of topsoil may contain billions of creatures. Credators and prey roam beneath as well as above the forest floor. "urthermore, those upstairs and downstairs forest deni ens live closely linked lives. #oildwelling bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter into molecules that above ground plants use for food. Those plants, as well as animals, mature and die, leaving more organic matter to fuel the folks downstairs. Like a well-insulated house, the soil protects its tenants from extreme temperatures, and from rain and snow. 4t also provides a bulwark against predators that roam the surface world. *ut the dense, protecting soil also limits mobility. #oil creatures must be specially e:uipped in order to travel easily through their dark, constricting realm. 8arthworms and ants are the champion earth-movers, creating channels that allow air and water to enter the soil. &hile ants travel relatively far from their nests, earthworms work small areas, reprocessing vast amounts of soil into fertile 0waste.0 4n a single year, as much as /5 tons of soil may pass through the alimentary tracts of all the earthworms living in an acre of soil. (+) radar (,) tomb -7. According to the passage, the soil offers creatures who live underground protection from all of the following 8D+8CT (A) enemies (*) bad weather (+) bacteria and fungi (,) extreme heat and cold -3. The word 0constricting0 in line %5 is closest in meaning to (A) damp (*) heavy (+) deep (,) limiting /9. According to the passage, it could be expected that ants (A) move more earth than earthworms (*) are more mobile than earthworms (+) live only above ground (,) perform similar functions to fungi /%. The word 0reprocessing0 in line %3 is closest in meaning to (A) transporting (*) arranging (+) converting (,) eliminating /-. The author uses which analogy to discuss the soil of the forest' (A) A laboratory (*) A tunnel (+) A vehicle (,) A building

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--. The main topic of this passage is (A) life in the forest soil (*) the life cycle of ants and worms (+) a description of a forest scene (,) the habits of the forest animals -/. The word 0bustles0 in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) continues (*) is very active (+) threatens (,) waits -2. 4t can be inferred from the passage that the forest soil is (A) densely inhabited (*) sparsely inhabited (+) devoid of life (,) unknown to man -1. The word 0linked0 in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) related (*) chained (+) mechanical (,) measured -5. According to the passage, what is the main function of bacteria and fungi' (A) To help aerate the soil (*) To provide food for plant life (+) To kill mature plants (,) To build walls in the soil -6. The word 0bulwark0 in line %/ is closest in meaning to (A) barrier (*) gateway

Questions 33-42
!ver the years from the seventeenth century through the nineteenth and beyond, as one style and fashion in building succeeded another, two very modest but highly distinctive types of dwellings flourished continuously<the log cabin and the +ape +od cottage. +ompletely unpretentious in design, both varieties en@oyed widespread popularity, and their derivatives are still with us today. &hile visiting +ape +od in %799, the president of =ale, Timothy ,wight, observed that nearly all the homes of this whaling and shipbuilding center were one and one-half stories, with central chimneys, small windows, and gabled roofs. Ae referred to these dwellings as 0+ape +od houses,0 a type which originated with the Cilgrims, and which today can be found everywhere from Calo Alto to Crovincetown. #implicity was the keynote of these houses. $early all these early homesites were planned so the front of the house faced south. "ireplaces were the only source of heat, and the low winter sun added warmth to the front rooms which were usually reserved for formal occasions such as weddings, funerals, and entertaining the minister. The shingled exteriors of these cottages usually weathered to a silvery gray. 4n +ape communities, where pretension was abhorred, and where the homes of captain and crewman were undifferentiated, even painted clapboards were considered 0showy.0 As one *ostonian put it, 0+ape +od residences have a peculiarity.... The houses and their surroundings seem of an unsuitable inferiority of style to those who live in them ... EmenF whose sons and daughters visit and marry in the best circles .... There is ... a remarkable republican simplicity in the style of buildings; little distinction that betokens wealth; and e:uality that extends to everything.0 /7. The word 0peculiarity0 in line %3 is closest in meaning to (A) tendency (*) uni:ueness (+) defect (,) tran:uility /3. The passage characteri es the +ape +od house as (A) poorly built and inferior (*) free from affectation (+) strange and unsuitable (,) large and airy 29. 4n line %7, the word 0showy0 is closest in meaning to (A) not functional (*) unusual (+) pretentious (,) inferior 2%. 4n lines %3--/, what was the *ostonian commenting on' (A) The craftsmanship of the era that produced the +ape +od (*) The lack of social class distinction represented by the +ape +od cottage (+) Ais particular distaste for the +ape +od style (,) The high cost of the house for such a simple style 2-. &hat will the following section of this text probably discuss' (A) The Cilgrims. homes in 8ngland (*) The opinion of the *ostonian about other styles of houses (+) A modem architectural style house (,) The log cabin style house

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//. This passage mainly discusses (A) two types of houses (*) the effect of the weather on house types (+) the +ape +od house (,) peculiarities of the +ape +od communities /2. The word 0succeeded0 in line - is closest in meaning to (A) outperformed (*) replaced (+) mimicked (,) represented /1. The word 0derivatives0 in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) photos (*) foundations (+) replicas (,) furnishings /5. "rom the passage, which of the following can be inferred about log cabins and +ape +od cottages' (A) They were the only available housing in the %6th and %7th centuries. (*) They can still be seen today as a popular housing form. (+) They often appeared in high fashion maga ines. (,) They appealed to people who desired a distinctive style. /6. The word 0abhorred0 in line %6 is closest in meaning to (A) disliked (*) practiced (+) admired (,) tolerated

Questions 43-50
Generally recogni ed as one of the significant musical artists of this century, Aaron +opland succeeded so well in assimilating the materials of American folksong into his own highly personal style that, in the eyes of the world, he came to be regarded as 0the0 American composer of his time. The son of a ;ussian-Hewish immigrant to America, +opland was born on $ovember %2, %399, in *rooklyn. *y the time he was %1, he had decided to become a composer. 4n %3-% he went to "rance, where he became the student of $adia *oulanger, a brilliant teacher who shaped the outlook of an entire generation of American musicians. 4n his growth as a composer, +opland mirrored the important trends of his time. After his return from Caris, he worked with @a rhythms. There followed a period during which he was strongly influenced by #travinski.s $eoclassicism, turning toward an abstract style. 4n %3/1, however, +opland took a change of direction that began the most productive phase of his career. Ae reali ed that a new public for modem music was being created by the new media of radio, phonograph, and film scores. +opland was therefore led to what became a most significant development after the %3/9sB the attempt to simplify the new music in order for it to have meaning for a large public. The decades that followed saw the production of the scores that spread +opland.s fame throughout the Inited #tates and the world. $otable among these were three ballets based on American folk material, an orchestral piece based on Jexican melodies and rhythms, and a series of film scores. Typical too of the +opland style are two ma@or works that were written in time of war<both drawing on the life and speeches of Abraham Lincoln for their inspiration. 4n his later years +opland refined his treatment of Americana. 04 no longer feel the need of seeking out conscious Americanism. *ecause we live here and work here, we can be certain that when our music is mature it will also be American in :uality.0 As composer, teacher, and conductor, +opland has succeeded in expressing 0the deepest reactions of the American consciousness to the American scene.0 26. The word 0mirrored0 in line %9 is closest in meaning to (A) represented (*) denied (+) understood (,) investigated 27. According to the passage, in the decade after %3/1 +opland.s compositions became (A) more abstract (*) more complex (+) more refined (,) more simplified 23. 4n line -9 the word 0these0 refers to (A) three ballets (*) the scores (+) the decades (,) the Inited #tates 19. &ith which of the following generali ations can it be inferred that +opland would agree' (A) American composers must consciously work with American topics. (*) !nly mature composers can produce American music. (+) American composers will surely produce music reflective of America. (,) American folk material has little place in American music.

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2/. According to the passage, +opland is mostly famous for (A) the range of types of compositions he produced (*) the treatment of American topics in his music (+) his study with the famous "rench teacher, $adia *oulanger (,) his ability as a conductor 22. The word 0assimilating0 in line - is closest in meaning to (A) combining (*) referring (+) avoiding (,) assigning 21. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as types of compositions +opland produced 8D+8CT (A) concertos (*) film scores (+) ballets (,) operas 25. &hich of the following did the author cite as having a ma@or influence on the most productive phase of +opland.s career' (A) Ais work with the "rench teacher, $adia *oulanger (*) The reali ation of a new public created by new media (+) #travinski.s $eoclassicism (,) The war

This is the end of #ection /. / Kuestions %-%9 Around the year %199, hunting people occupied the entire northern third of $orth America. They lived well from the animals with whom they shared these lands. Aunters

of sea mammals had coloni ed the Arctic coasts of +anada and Greenland between Line four and five thousand years before. Land-hunting people had lived throughout much (1) of the northern interior for at least %-,999 years. $orthern $orth America is part of a larger circumpolar ecological domain that continues across the narrow *ering #trait into #iberia and northern 8urope. The overall circumpolar environment in the %199.s was not very different from the environment of the present. This vast landmass had a continental climate and was dominated by cold (%9) arctic air throughout a long winter and spring season. #ummer temperature ranged from near free ing to the mid--9.s +elsius, while winter temperature were often as low as 29 degrees below ero +elsius. Geographers divide the overall circumpolar domain into two ones, the Arctic and, below it, the #ubarctic. They refer to the landforms of these areas as tundra and taiga, (%1) respectively. Temperatures in the northern lands were below free ing for eight or nine months of the year. #ubsurface soil in the Arctic.s tundra remained permanently fro en. 8ven when summer temperatures were above free ing and the top inches of earth became saturated with water, the soil below remained fro en into a permafrost, as hard as rock. (-9) &hen water flowed upon the surface of permanently fro en tundra, "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditorit made overland travel extremely difficult. #ummer travel in the boggy lands, or muskeg country, of the #ubarctic.s taiga was also slow and arduous. Tracking animals was more difficult than it was during the winter when the swampy ground was fro en solid and covered with snow. 4n both tundra and taiga, hordes of mos:uitoes and biting flies bred in the (-1) standing pools of water. +lothing lost its thermal efficiency when it became damp. $orthern people looked forward to the turn of the season to bring the easier traveling conditions associated with cold weather. 4n the Arctic, they could haul food and supplies by dogsled while in the #ubarctic, people could travel :uickly and efficiently by snowshoes and toboggan. %. &hat does the passage mainly discuss' (A) The hunting people of $orth America (*) The circumpolar environment of the sixteenth century (+) Animals that inhabit the Arctic coast (,) The geography of +anada and Greenland -. The word LdomainMin line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) temperature (*) period (+) region (,) process /. &hich of the following terms is used to describe the landforms of the Arctic region' (A) #ubarctic (*) Taiga (+) Tundra

(,) Juskeg 2. "or how many months of the year were temperatures below free ing in the circumpolar region' (A) 2-1 months (*) 5 months (+) 7-3 months (,) %- months "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor1. The word LsaturatedMin line %3 is closest in meaning to (A) enriched (*) dissolved (+) removed (,) soaked 5. The word LarduousMin line -- is closest in meaning to (A) humid (*) difficult (+) indirect (,) unnecessary 6. The word LstandingMin line -1 is closest in meaning to (A) not flowing (*) very deep (+) numerous (,) contaminated 7. All of the following are mentioned as having made travel in the summer difficult 8D+8CT (A) insects (*) wet clothing (+) swampy lands (,) lack of supplies 3. The subsurface soil in the Arctic.s tundra is most comparable to which of the following' (A) +ement (*) A bog (+) A pond (,) #and %9. &here in the passage does the author mention a means by which people traveled in the northern lands' (A) Lines --2 (*) Lines 5-6 (+) Lines -9--% (,) Lines -6--3 Kuestion %%--9 #ocial parasitism involves one species relying on another to raise its young. Among vertebrates, the best known social parasites are such birds as cuckoos and cowbirds; the female lays egg in a nest belonging to another species and leaves it for the host to "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditorLine rear. (1) The dulotic species of ants, however, are the supreme social parasites. +onsider, for example, the unusual behavior of ants belonging to the genus Colyergus. All species of this ant have lost the ability to care for themselves. The workers do not forage for food, feed their brood or :ueen, or even clean their own nest. To compensate for these deficits, Colyergus has become speciali ed at obtaining workers from the related genus (%9) "ormica to do these chores. 4n a raid, several thousand Colyergus workers will travel up to 199 feet in search of a "ormica nest, penetrate it, drive off the :ueen and her workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport it back to their nest. The captured brood is then reared by the resident "ormica workers until the developing pupae emerge to add to the "ormica (%1) population, which maintains the mixed-species nest. The "ormica workers forage for food and give it to colony members of both species. They also remove wastes and

excavate new chambers as the population increases. The true extent of the Colyergus ants. dependence on the "ormica becomes apparent when the worker population grows too large for existing nest. "ormica scouts locate (-9) a new nesting site, return to the mixed-species colony, and recruit additional "ormica nest mates. ,uring a period that may last seven days, the "ormica workers carry to the new nest all the Colyergus eggs, larvae, and pupae, every Colyergus adult, and even the Colyergus :ueen. !f the approximately 7,999 species of ants in the world, all 1 species of Colyergus (-1) and some -99 species in other genera have evolved some degree of parasitic relationship with other ants. %%. &hich of the following statements best represents the main idea of the passage' (A) Ants belonging to the genus "ormica are incapable of performing certain tasks. (*) The genus Colyergus is :uite similar to the genus "ormica. (+) Ants belonging to the genus Colyergus have an unusual relationship with ants belonging to the genus "ormica. "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor (,) Coltergus ants fre:uently leave their nests to build new colonies. %-. The word LraiseMin line % is closest in meaning to (A) rear (*) lift (+) collect (,) increase %/. The author mentions cuckoos and cowbirds in line - because they (A) share their nests with each other (*) are closely related species (+) raise the young of their birds (,) are social parasites %2. The word LitMin line / refers to (A) species (*) nest (+) egg (,) female %1. &hat does the author mean by stating thatLThe dulotic species of ants...are the supreme social parasitesM(line1) ' (A) The Colyergus are more highly developed than the "ormica. (*) The "ormica have developed speciali ed roles. (+) The Colyergus are heavily dependent on the "ormica. (,) The "ormica do not reproduce rapidly enough to care for themselves. %5. &hich of the following is a task that an ant of the genus Colyergus might do' (A) Look for food. (*) ;aid another nest. (+) +are for the young. (,) +lean its own nest. %6. The word LexcavateMin line %6 is closest in meaning to (A) find (*) clean (+) repair (,) dig %7. The word LrecruitMin line -9 is closest in meaning to (A) create (*) enlist

(+) endure "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor (,) capture %3. &hat happens when a mixed colony of Colyergus and "ormica ants becomes too large' (A) The Colyergus workers enlarge the existing nest. (*) The captured "ormica workers return to their original nest. (+) The Colyergus and the "ormica build separate nests. (,) The Colyergus and the "ormica move to a new nest. -9. According to the information in the passage, all of the following terms refer to ants belonging to the genus "ormica 8D+8CT the (A) dulotic species of ants (line 1) (*) captured brood (line %/) (+) developing pupae (line %2) (,) worker population (line %3) Kuestion -%-/9 The &interthur Juseum is a collection and a house. There are many museums devoted to the decorative arts and many house museums, but rarely in the Inited #tates is a great collection displayed in a great country house. Cassing through successive Line generations of a single family, &interthur has been a private estate for more than a (1) century. 8ven after the extensive renovations made to it between %3-3 and %3/%, the house remained a family residence. This fact is of importance to the atmosphere and effect of the museum. The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitor; the rooms look as if they were vacated only a short while ago N whether by the original owners of the furniture of the most recent residents of the house can be a matter of (%9) personal interpretation. &interthur remains, then, a house in which a collection of furniture and architectural elements has been assembled. Like an 8nglish country house, it is an organic structure; the house, as well as the collection and manner of displaying it to the visitor, has changed over the years. The changes have coincided "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditorwith developing concepts of the American arts, increased knowledge on the part of (%1) collectors and students, and a progression toward the achievement of a historical effect in period-room displays. The rooms at &interthur have followed this current, yet still retained the character of a private house. The concept of a period room as a display techni:ue has developed gradually over the years in an effort to present works of art in a context that would show them to (-9) grater effect and would give them more meaning for the viewer. +omparable to the habitat group in a natural history museum, the period room represents the decorative arts in a lively and interesting manner and provides an opportunity to assemble ob@ects related by style, date, or place of manufacture. -%. &hat does the passage mainly discuss' (A) The reason that &interthur was redesigned

(*) 8lements that make &interthur an unusual museum (+) Aow &interthur compares to 8nglish country houses (,) Aistorical furniture contained in &interthur --. The phrase Ldevoted toMin line - is closest in meaning to (A) surrounded by (*) speciali ing in (+) successful with (,) sentimental about -/. &hat happened at &interthur between %3-3 and %3/% ' (A) The owners moved out. (*) The house was repaired. (+) The old furniture was replaced. (,) The estate became a museum. -2. &hat does the author mean by stating LThe impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitorM(line 6) ' (A) &interthur is very old. (*) "ew people visit &interthur. (+) &interthur does not look like a typical museum. (,) The furniture at &interthur looks comfortable -1. The word LassembledMin line %% is closest in meaning to (A) summoned (*) appreciated (+) brought together (,) fundamentally changed "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor-5. The word LitMin line %- refers to (A) &interthur (*) collection (+) 8nglish country house (,) visitor -6. The word LdevelopingMin line %2 is closest in meaning to (A) traditional (*) exhibiting (+) informative (,) evolving -7. According to the passage, ob@ects in a period room are related by all of the following 8D+8CT (A) date (*) style (+) place of manufacture (,) past ownership -3. &hat si the relationship between the two paragraphs in the passage' (A) The second paragraph explains a term that was mentioned in the first paragraph. (*) 8ach paragraph describes a dafferent approach to the display of ob@ects in a museum. (+) The second paragraph of explains a philosophy art appreciation that contrasts with the philosophy explained in the first paragraph. (,) 8ach paragraph describes a different historical period. /9. &here is the passage does the author explain why displays at &interthur have changed' (A) Lines %-/ (*) Lines 1-5 (+) Lines 6-%9 (,) Lines %/-%5 "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor Kuestions /%-29 The modern comic strip started out as ammunition in a

newspaper war between giants of the American press in the late nineteenth century. The first full-color comic strip appeared Hanuary %732 in the $ew =ork &orld, owned by Hoseph Culit er. The Line first regular weekly full-color comic supplement, similar to today.s #unday funnies, (1) appeared two years later, in &illiam ;andolph Aearst.s rival $ew =ork paper, the Jorning Hournal. *oth were immensely popular, and publishers reali ed that supplementing the news with comic relief boosted the sale of papers. The Jorning Hournal started another feature in %735, the 0=ellow Oid,0 the first continuous comic character in the Inited (%9) #tates, whose creator, ;ichard !utcault, had been lured away from the &orld by the ambitious Aearst. The 0=ellow Oid0 was in many ways a pioneer. 4ts comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce that came to characteri e later strips, and it introduced the speech ballon inside the strip, usually placed above the characters. heads. The first strip to incorporate all the elements of later comics was ;udolph ,irks.s (%1) 0Oat en@ammer Oids,0 based on &ilhelm *usch.s Jax and Jorit , a 8uropean satire of the nineteenth century. The 0Oids0 strip, first published in %736, served as the prototype for future American strips. 4t contained not only speech balloons, but a continuous cast of characters, and was divided into small regular panels that did away with the larger panoramic scenes of most earlier comics. (-9) $ewspaper syndication played a ma@or role in spreading the popularity of comic strips throughout the country. Though weekly colored comics came first, daily blackand-white strips were not far behind. The first appeared in the +hicago American in %392. 4t was followed by many imitators, and by %3%1 black-andwhite comic strips had become a staple of daily newspapers around the country. "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor/%. &hat does the passage mainly discuss' (A) A comparison of two popular comic strips (*) The differences between early and modern comic strips (+) The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories (,) "eatures of early comic strips in the Inited #tates /-. &hy does the author mention Hoseph Culit er and &illiam ;andolph Aeart' (A) They established $ew =ork.s first newspaper. (*) They published comic strips about the newspaper war. (+) Their comic strips are still published today. (,) They owned ma@or competitive newspapers. //. The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following reasons' (A) They provided a break from serious news stories. (*) ;eaders en@oyed the unusual drawings. (+) ;eaders could identify with the characters (,) They were about real-life situations. /2. To say that ;ichard !utcault had beenLlured away fromMthe &orld by Aeart (line%9) means which of the following' (A) Aearst convinced !utcault to leave the &orld. (*) Aearst fired !utcault from the &orld.

(+) Aearst warned !utcault not to leave the &orld. (,) Aearst wanted !utcault to work for the &orld. /1. The word LitMin line %- refers to (A) TheL=ellow OidM (*) dialogue (+) farce (,) balloon /5. According to the passage, the L=ellow OidM was the first comic strip to do all of the following 8D+8CT (A) feature the same character in each episode (*) include dialogue inside a balloon (+) appear in a +hicago newspaper (,) characteri e city life in a humorous way /6. The word LincorporateMin line %2 is closest in meaning to (A) affect (*) create "or 8valuation !nly. +opyright (c) by "oxit #oftware +ompany, -992 - -996 8dited by "oxit C," 8ditor (+) combine (,) mention /7. The word LprototypeMin line %6 is closest in meaning to (A) story (*) humor (+) drawing (,) model /3. The word LstapleMin line -2 is closest in meaning to (A) regular feature (*) popular edition (+) new version (,) huge success 29. 4n what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage' (A) 4n alphabetical order by title (*) 4n the order in which they were created (+) According to the newspaper in which they appeared (,) "rom most popular to least popular

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