Grammar Cheat Sheet The 3 Types of Grammar Questions 1.

Usage Questions Take less time than the others Procedure o Read the whole sentence. o Positive you see the error? Mark it. o Not sure? Read each underlined portion care ully. o Mark ! or no error. "t end o test# check all !$s again. Example% The children &ould giggled as they smeared applesauce on each other. No error " ' ( ) ! *. +entence (orrection Take more time than usage ,uestions (hoice " is al&ays the same as the underlined portion in the sentence. (hoice " is the correct ans&er &hen the original sentence is okay. Procedure o Read the &hole sentence. +ometimes the underlined part is correct -ut is &rong in the conte.t o the &hole sentence o Never read choice " o / you think " is correct# read the other choices any&ay o (hoose " i you &ere right the irst time0 other&ise# look or the choice that is right o / you can$t igure out the ans&er# choose he shortest one Example% The doctor &arned the students that it are a myth that one cannot get pregnant or *1 hours a ter taking the +"T. ". it are a myth that one cannot '. it are a myth# that one cannot (. it is a myth that one cannot ). it is a myth &hich one cannot !. its myths are that one cannot 2. Revision3in3(onte.t 4improving paragraphs5 (om-ination o sentence correction ,uestions and reading ,uestions /t$s -asically a short essay ull o la&s. Procedure o Read through the entire essay ,uickly to get the gist o it o 6ou &ill see mistakes as you read. )on$t mark them do&n. The ,uestions &ill tell you &here to look. Example 1. The 7ellator is unlike most animals. *. /t is kno&n mainly or &hat it cannot do. 2. /t is kno&n less or &hat it can do. 1. and so on8.5 9hich o the ollo&ing is the -est &ay to com-ine sentences 1# *# and 2? ". The 7ellator is kno&n mainly or &hat it cannot do# unlike most animals# and less or &hat it can do. '. :no&n less or &hat it can do and mainly or &hat it cannot do# the 7ellator is unlike most animals. (. :no&ing &hat it can and cannot do# the 7ellator is unlike most animals.

). Unlike most animals# the 7ellator is kno&n more or &hat it cannot do than or &hat it can do. !. The 7ellator is more like a desert topping than an animal.

The 13 Grammar Rules Most Likely to be Tested on the S T Rule 1! +u-7ect3;er- "greement Rule "! Noun3Pronoun "greement Rule 3! Pronoun +u-7ects < =-7ects Rule #! Pronoun (onsistency Rule $! (orrect Tense Rule %! "d7ectives < adver-s Rule &! Parallel (onstruction Rule '! Run3on +entences < +entence >ragments Rule (! )angling Modi iers 4Participles?participial phrases5 Rule 1)% +entence logic Rule 11% >i.ing commonly messed up e.pressions Rule 1"% @ogical comparison Rule 13! (omparative?superlative orms o &ords

'ut -e ore &e -egin8 *ounAperson# place# thing# idea 47oy5# ,uality 4stickiness5# or act 4drooling5 PronounA&ord that takes the place o another noun 4The +erpent is evil. He is cruel. He is a pronoun -ecause it takes the place o Serpent. +erbA&ord that e.presses action 47ump5 or a state o -eing 4-e5. Tells &hat$s happening in a sentence. Sub,ectAnoun or pronoun that BdoesC the action o the ver- in the sentence 4 He drooled. He is the su-7ect -ecause he is the thing that drooled.5 -b,ectAnoun or pronoun that the ver- acts on. 4De tickled me. Me is the o-7ect -ecause me is the thing that got tickled.5 PrepositionA9ords like to at, in, up, over, under, after, of . They go &ith o-7ects. 4in the house8in is the preposition < house is the o-7ect.5 Sin.ularAsingle thing or unit 4noodle5 PluralAmore than one thing 4noodles5 Rule 1! +u-7ect3;er- "greement +u-7ect < ver- must agree in num-er# so isolate the su-7ect < the ver- < make sure they match. /ncorrect! The proctor# as &ell as the students# &ere overcome -y the tedious ticking o the timer and ell asleep. /solate &ere overcome subject% proctor 4singular5 verb% &ere 4plural5 combine% the proctor

Correct! The proctor# as &ell as the students# was overcome -y the tedious ticking o the timer and ell asleep. Problem! the plural students0 it is set o -y commas# so it$s not part o the su-7ect. Three e.pressions similar to as well are% in addition to, along with, and together with Practice! 1. The anguish o the students have -een a source o pleasure to the +"T.

*ote% the su-7ect is never in a prepositional phrase

*. !ach o the streets &ere painted green. *ote% 12 singular su-7ects% each, every, either, neither, one, no one, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody # < nobody. !ach takes a singular noun.

Rule "! Noun3Pronoun "greement +ingular su-7ects take singular nouns0 plural su-7ects take plural nouns. The 12 singular su-7ects a-ove each take a singular pronoun. /ncorrect% Correct% Not one o the -oys read their +"T -ook. Not one o the -oys read his +"T -ook.

Rule 3! Pronoun +u-7ects < =-7ects 6ou must kno& &hen to use the &ords in the column on the le t < &hen to use those on the right% Sub,ects / De +he They 9e 9ho -b,ects Me Dim Der Them Us 9hom

01amples I like hotdogs# -ut hotdogs don$t like me. She is good enough or Erape3Nuts# -ut are Erape3Nuts good enough or her? Rule #! Pronoun consistency Pronouns should -e consistent throughout a sentence. /ncorrect% The more you study or the +"T# the more one thinks a-out moving to Mongolia. Correct! The more you study or the +"T# the more you think a-out moving to Mongolia. Rule $! (orrect Tense Make sure the action is consistent. @ook or key Btime &ordsC such as when, as, after, and so orth. /ncorrect! " ter he ate the ne&t and brushed his teeth# / &ill kiss him. Correct! " ter he eats the ne&t and brushes his teeth# / 2ill kiss him. Rule %! "d7ectives < adver-s d,ecti3es descri-e a noun or pronoun and ans&er three 4uestions% 9hat kind? 9hich one? Do& many? The FFFFF &om-at 4lascivious5

d3erbs tell where# when# how# or to what extent 4how often or how much5 The &om-at did it FFF 4lasciviously5 Rule &! Parallel (onstruction /deas that are parallel 4related5 should -e e.pressed the same &ay. /ncorrect! / like spitting# drooling# and to slurp. Correct! / like spittin.# droolin.# and slurpin.. Rule '! Run3on +entences < +entence >ragments " run5on is usually to& complete sentences that are incorrectly 7oined -y a comma in stead o separated -y a period or semi3colon. /ncorrect! GP ate the mysterious o-7ect# it &as a noodle. Correct! GP ate the mysterious o-7ect6 it &as a noodle. -R GP ate the mysterious o-7ect7 /t &as a noodle. +entence fra.ments are parts o sentences that are made up to look like real sentences. /ncorrect! "ll the kids had rashes on their -odies. !specially those &ith uranium lunch -o.es. Correct! "ll the kids had rashes on their -odies8 especially those &ith uranium lunch -o.es. Rule (! )angling Modi iers 4Participles?participial phrases5 /ncorrect% Taking the test# his copy o the cheat sheet &as in his pocket. The sentence implies that the cheat sheet was ta ing the test. Correct% Taking the test# he had his copy o the cheat sheet in his pocket. +ee &orksheet8 Rule 1)% +entence logic These ,uestions &ill -e grammatically correct on the test -ut don$t do a good 7o- o saying &hat the &riter &ants them to say. Sample! There are o ten sentences that are sentences that are grammatically correct# and do not say &hat the &riter &ants them to say. ". correct# and do not say &hat '. correct and do not say that &hich (. correct -ut do not say &hatHH ). correct# &ith the e.ception that !. correct saying not &hat Rule 11% >i.ing commonly messed up e.pressions +ometimes BtheyC &ill deli-erately mess up an e.pression to try to oil you. The only &ay to prepare or this type o ,uestion is -y -ecoming amiliar &ith standard# ormal !nglish and -eing a-le to hear or see &hich &ords or phrases 7ust sound or look &rong.

/ncorrect! +ince it$s a -eauti ul day# /$d 7ust assume &alk. Correct! +ince it$s a -eauti ul day# /$d 7ust as soon &alk. Rule 1"% @ogical comparison Make sure that &hen you make a comparison# you compare t&o like things. /ncorrect! My mother$s salary is higher than Gane$s mother. Correct! My mother$s salary is higher than Gane$s mother9s 4salary5. Rule 13! (omparative?superlative orms o &ords +ee &orksheet Last fe2 reminders )on$t split in initives 4incorrect! Bto slo&ly &alkC correct Bto &alk slo&lyC )on$t use slang 4chirp5 or clichIs 4cold as ice5 Either goes &ith or0 neither goes &ith nor 9hen re erring to a country# don$t use BtheyC The U+ is the richest county in the &orld. They have the highest ENP. 4It has the highest ENP.5