Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection

NON-LINEAR HYPERBOLIC MOEL & PARAME!ER

SELEC!ION
(Introduction to the Hardening Soil Model)
(following initial development by
Tom Schanz at Bauhaus!niversit"t #eimar$ %ermany)
&omputational %eotechnics
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Contents
Introduction
Stiffness Modulus
Triaxial Data
Plasticity
HS-Cap-Model
Simulation of Oedometer and Triaxial Tests on Loose and
Dense Sands
Summary
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( #
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Introduction
Hardening Soils
Most soils bea!e in a nonlinear bea!ior soon after application of sear
stress" #lastic-plastic ardening is a common tecni$ue% also used in PL&'IS"
(sage of te Soft Soil model )it creep
Creep is usually of greater significance in soft soils"
Hyperbolic stress-strain la) for triaxial response cur!es
*ig" +, Hyperbolic stress strain response cur!e of Hardening Soil model
f
f
a
q
R
q

-.
/
ur
E E
0standard PL&'IS setting 1ersion 23
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( $
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Stiffness Modulus
#lastic unloading and reloading 0Ode% +4/43
5e use te t)o elastic parameters
ur
and E
ur
:
cot
cot
m
3 ref
ur
ref
c - '

E
c + p

_

,
+
60+ 3
ur ur
ur
G E

+
+..
ref
p kPa
Initial 0primary3 loading
7 7
/ /
-. -. -.
cot sin cos
cot sin cos
m m
ref ref
ref ref
c c
E E E
p c p c


_ _ + +


+ +
, ,
*ig" 6, Definition of E
50
in a standard drained triaxial experiment
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( %
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Stiffness Modulus
Oedometer tests
*ig" /, Definition of te normali8ed oedometric stiffness
ref
oed
E
*ig" 9, 1alues for m from oedometer test !ersus initial porosity n
.
*ig" -, :ormali8ed oedometer modulus
ref
oed
E
!ersus initial porosity n
.
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( &
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Stiffness Modulus
Triaxial tests
*ig" ;, :ormali8ed oedometric stiffness for !arious soil classes 0!on Soos% +44+3
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( '
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Stiffness Modulus
*ig" 2, 1alues for m obtained from triaxial test !ersus initial porosity n
.
*ig" <, :ormali8ed triaxial modulus
-.
ref
E
!ersus initial porosity n
.
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( (
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Stiffness Modulus
Summary of data for sand, 1ermeer = Scan8 0+4423
*ig" 4, Comparison of normali8ed stiffness moduli from oedometer and triaxial
tests
7
y ref
oed oed
ref
E E
p

7
-. -.
ref
x
ref
E E
p

#ngineering practice, mostly data on E

oed
Test data,
-.
ref ref
oed
E E
0standard setting PL&'IS !ersion 23
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Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Triaxial Data on
p
6
+
p
*ig" +., #$ui-g lines 0Tatsuo>a% +4263 for dense Toyoura Sand
+
-.
6
a
a
q q
E q q

7
/
-. -.
sin cos
sin cos
m
ref
ref
c
E E
p c


_ +

+
,
+
0 cot 3
f
a f
f
q
q M p c R
R


+
;sin
/ sin
M

*ig" ++, ?ield and failure surfaces for te Hardening Soil model
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Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Plasticity
?ield and ardening functions
+ 6 / + + +
-.
6
6 6 6
p p p p p e
a
a ur
q q q
E q q E

{
+ +
-.
6 6
6
.
e
p
a
a ur
q q q
f
E q q E

142 43
/D extension
In order to extent te model to general /D states in terms of stress% )e use a
modified expression for
q
in terms of
%
q
and te mobili8ed angle of internal
friction
m

7 7 7
+ 6 /
0 +3 q + %
)it
/ sin
/ sin
m
m

0 cot 3
m
f q M p c +
%
%
)ere
;sin
/ sin
m
m
M

%
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "+
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Plasticity
Plastic potential and flo) rule
@ 7 7 7
+ 6 /
0 +3 q +
)it
/ sin
/ sin
m
m

@ @
0 cot 3
m
q M p c + g
)ere
m
m
M

sin /
sin ;
@

+
+ + + +
6 6 6 6
+/ +6 + +
6 6 6
+6 +/ +6 +/
+ +
6 6
/
sin sin
sin .
. sin
p
p p
p

1
1
1 1
1
1 1
+ + 1
1 1

1
1 1

] ]
1
1
]

g g
*lo) rule
sin sin
p
p p
v
m v m
p

)it
sin sin
sin
+ sin sin
m cv
m
m cv

cv p p

Table +, Primary soil parameters and standard PL&'IS settings
C A>PaB
AoB AoB
E50 AMpaB
. /.-9. .-+. 9.
Eur C / E-. Vur C ."6 Rf C ."4 m C ."- Pref C +.. >Pa
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( ""
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Plasticity
Hardening soil response in drained triaxial experiments
*ig" +6, Desults of drained triaxial loading, stress-strain relations 0s/ C +.. >Pa3
*ig" +/, Desults of drained triaxial loading, axial-!olumetric strain relations 0s/ C
+.. >Pa3
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "#
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Plasticity
(ndrained ardening soil analysis
Metod &, s)itc to drained
Input,
7 7 7
-.
-.
E E
."6E / E ."-E +..
ref
ref
ur ur
c
E
E E m p kPa

'

Metod F, s)itc to undrained

Input,
-.
-.
E E .
."6E / E ."-E +..
u u
ref
ref
ur ur
c
E
E E m p kPa

'

Interesting in case you a!e data on C

u
and not no CG and G
7
/
-. -. -.
sin cos
"
sin cos
m
ref ref u u u
ref
u u u
c
E E E con!
p c


_ +


+
,
7
/
sin cos
"
sin cos
m
ref ref u u u
ur ur ur
ref
u u u
c
E E E con!
p c


_ +


+
,
&ssume
-.
."2
u
E E
and use grap by Duncan = Fucignani 0+42;3 to estimate
E
u
*ig" +9, (ndrained Hardening Soil analysis
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "$
6c
u
E
u
+"9 E
-.
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Plasticity
Hardening soil response in undrained triaxial tests
*ig" +-, Desults of undrained triaxial loading, stress-strain relations 0s/ C +.. >Pa3
*ig" +;, Desults of undrained triaxial loading, p-$ diagram 0s/ C +.. >Pa3
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Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
HS-Cap-Model
Cap yield surface
6
6 6
6
c c
q
f p p
M
+
%
*lo) rule
c c
f g 0&ssociated flo)3
Hardening la)
*or isotropic compression )e assume
+
p
v
c
p p
p
" " #

5it
c

c
"
# "
" "

*or isotropic compression )e a!e $ C . and it follo)s from

c
p p

6
p
c
c
v c c
p # # # p
p

g
*or te determination of% )e use anoter consistency condition,
.
$
c c
c c
c
f f
f p
p

+

&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "&
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
HS-Cap-Model
&dditional parameters
Te extra input parameters are
.
0 + sin 3 " and
-.
H 0 +".3
oed
E E
Te t)o auxiliary material parameter M and IcHIs are determined iterati!ely from
te simulation of an oedometer test" Tere are no direct input parameters" Te
user sould not be too concerned about tese parameters"
Jrapical presentation of HS-Cap-Model
I, Purely elastic response
II, Purely frictional ardening )it f
III, Material failure according to Mor-Coulomb
I1, Mor-Coulomb and cap fc
1, Combined frictional ardening f and cap fc
1I, Purely cap ardening )it fc
1II, Isotropic compression
*ig" +2, ?ield surfaces of te extended HS model in p-$-space 0left3 and in te
de!iatoric plane 0rigt3
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "'
+
6 /
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
HS-Cap-Model
*ig" +<, ?ield surfaces of te extended HS model in principal stress space
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "(

+
C
6
C
/
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Simulation of Oedometer and Triaxial Tests on Loose and
Dense Sands
*ig" +4, Comparison of calculated 0K3 and measured triaxial tests on loose Hostun
Sand
*ig" 6., Comparison of calculated 0K3 and measured oedometer tests on loose
Hostun Sand
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( ")
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Simulation of Oedometer and Triaxial Tests on Loose and
Dense Sands
*ig" 6+, Comparison of calculated 0K3 and measured triaxial tests on dense Hostun
Sand
*ig" 66, Comparison of calculated 0K3 and measured oedometer tests on dense
Hostun Sand
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( "*
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
Summary
Main caracteristics
Pressure dependent stiffness
Isotropic sear ardening
(ltimate Mor-Coulomb failure condition
:on-associated plastic flo)
&dditional cap ardening
HS-model !ersus MC-model
% % c

&s in Mor-Coulomb model
-.
ref
E

:ormali8ed primary loading stiffness
ur
(nloading H reloading PoissonGs ratio
ref
ur
E

:ormali8ed unloading H reloading stiffness
m

Po)er in stiffness la)s
f
R *ailure ratio
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( #+
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
#xercise +, Calibration of te HS-Cap-Model for Loose
and Dense Sand
Oedometer and triaxial sear experimental data for bot loose and dense sands are
gi!en in *igs" 6/ L 6;"
Table 6, Parameters for loose and dense sand
v
ur
m
-.
H
ref ref
oed
E E
-.
H
ref ref
ur
E E
-.
ref
E
loose ."6- .";- /9
o
.
o
+". /". +;
dense ."6- .";- 9+
o
+9
o
."4 /". /- MPa
Proceed according to te follo)ing steps,
(se "o C + L sin and #
oed
H#
-.
according to Table 6 in te ad!anced material
parameter input in PL&'IS"
*or bot simulations use an axis-symmetric mes 0+x + AmB3 )it a coarse
element density" Cange loading and boundary conditions according to te
test conditions"
Simulation of oedmoter tests )it unloading for unloading for maximum axial
stress"
Loose sand,
max
+
6..kPa
Dense sand,
max
+
9..kPa
If necessary impro!e gi!en material parameters to obtain a more realistic
response"
Cec> triaxial tests )it te parameters obtained from te oedometer
simulation"
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( #"
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
#xercise +, Calibration of te HS-Cap-Model for Loose
and Dense Sand
Desults for loose sand
*ig" 6/, Triaxial tests on loose Hostun Sand
*ig" 69, Oedometer tests on loose Hostun Sand
&ourse '&omputational %eotechnics( ##
Non-Linear Hyperbolic Model & Parameter Selection
#xercise +, Calibration of te HS-Cap-Model for Loose
and Dense Sand
Desults for dense sand
*ig" 6-, Triaxial tests on dense Hostun Sand
*ig" 6;, Oedometer tests on dense Hostun Sand
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