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1 ey 1 2x
y 1, y x, z 0
3. yy sx dx dy 4. yy x 2 y dy dx
0 y 0 x 23. Bounded by the planes x 0, y 0, z 0, and
2 cos
sin
1 v xyz1
5. y y e dr d 6. yy s1 v 2 du dv
0 0 0 0
24. Bounded by the planes z x, y x, x y 2, and z 0
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
39.
3 s9y 2
f x, y dx dy
3 s9y
f x, y dx dy 51–52 |||| Use Property 11 to estimate the value of the integral.
yy
0 s9y 2
40. yy
0 0
2 ln x 1
4
51. yy sx 3 y 3 dA, D 0, 1 0, 1
41. yy f x, y dy dx 42. yy f x, y dy dx D
1 0 0 arctan x
x 2y 2
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
52. yy e dA, D is the disk with center the origin and radius 12
43–48 |||| Evaluate the integral by reversing the order of D
integration. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
1 3 2 1 1
43. yy e x dx dy 44. yy sx 3 1 dx dy 53. Prove Property 11.
0 3y 0 sy
54. In evaluating a double integral over a region D, a sum of
3 9 1 1
45. y y y cosx 2 dx dy 46. yy x 3 sin y 3 dy dx iterated integrals was obtained as follows:
0 y2 0 x2
1 2y 3 3y
47. yy
1
2
cos x s1 cos 2 x dx dy yy f x, y dA y y 0 0
f x, y dx dy y
1
y
0
f x, y dx dy
0 arcsin y D
8 2 4
48. yy 3
e x dx dy Sketch the region D and express the double integral as an
0 sy
iterated integral with reversed order of integration.
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
y y
≈+¥=1 ≈+¥=4
R
R
0 x
0 x
≈+¥=1
y
Recall from Figure 2 that the polar coordinates r, of a point are related to the rect-
P (r, ¨ ) =P (x, y) angular coordinates x, y by the equations
r
y
r2 x2 y2 x r cos y r sin
FIGURE 2
R r, a r b,
which is shown in Figure 3. In order to compute the double integral xxR f x, y dA, where
R is a polar rectangle, we divide the interval a, b into m subintervals ri1, ri of equal
width
r b a
m and we divide the interval , into n subintervals j1, j of
equal width
n. Then the circles r ri and the rays j divide the polar
rectangle R into the small polar rectangles shown in Figure 4.
¨=¨ j
¨=¨ j _1
r=b R ij
(r i*, ¨ j*)
¨=∫
R
Ψ
r=a r=ri
¨=å
r=r i _1
∫
å
O O
Rij r, ri1 r ri , j1 j
has polar coordinates
r i* 12 ri1 ri j* 12 j1 j
We compute the area of Rij using the fact that the area of a sector of a circle with radius r
and central angle is 2 r 2. Subtracting the areas of two such sectors, each of which has
1
central angle
j j1 , we find that the area of Rij is
Ai 12 r2i
212 r i1
12 r2i 2 r i1
Although we have defined the double integral xxR f x, y dA in terms of ordinary rect-
angles, it can be shown that, for continuous functions f , we always obtain the same
answer using polar rectangles. The rectangular coordinates of the center of Rij are
r*i cos j*, r i* sin j* , so a typical Riemann sum is
m n m n
1 f r* cos *, r* sin *
A
i1 j1
i j i j i f r* cos *, r* sin * r*
r
i1 j1
i j i j i
SECTION 15.4 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES ❙❙❙❙ 1005
If we write tr, rf r cos , r sin , then the Riemann sum in Equation 1 can be writ-
ten as
m n
tr*, *
r
i1 j1
i j
b
y y tr, dr d
a
Therefore, we have
m n
b
y y f r cos , r sin r dr d
a
b
yy f x, y dA y y f r cos , r sin r dr d
a
R
The formula in (2) says that we convert from rectangular to polar coordinates in a
double integral by writing x r cos and y r sin , using the appropriate limits of
| integration for r and , and replacing dA by r dr d. Be careful not to forget the additional
factor r on the right side of Formula 2. A classical method for remembering this is shown
in Figure 5, where the “infinitesimal” polar rectangle can be thought of as an ordinary rect-
angle with dimensions r d and dr and therefore has “area” dA r dr d.
dA
d¨
dr
r d¨
r
O
FIGURE 5
EXAMPLE 1 Evaluate xxR 3x 4y 2 dA, where R is the region in the upper half-plane
bounded by the circles x 2 y 2 1 and x 2 y 2 4.
SOLUTION The region R can be described as
R x, y y 0, 1 x 2 y 2 4
It is the half-ring shown in Figure 1(b), and in polar coordinates it is given by 1 r 2,
1006 ❙❙❙❙ CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
0 . Therefore, by Formula 2,
2
yy 3x 4y 2
dA y y 3r cos 4r 2 sin 2 r dr d
0 1
R
2
y y 3r 2 cos 4r 3 sin 2 dr d
0 1
r2
y
0
[r 3 cos r 4 sin 2]r1 d y 7 cos 15 sin 2 d
0
|||| Here we use the trigonometric identity y
0
[7 cos 152 1 cos 2 ] d
sin2 12 1 cos 2
15 15 15
See Section 7.2 for advice on integrating 7 sin sin 2
trigonometric functions. 2 4 0
2
EXAMPLE 2 Find the volume of the solid bounded by the plane z 0 and the paraboloid
z 1 x 2 y 2.
z SOLUTION If we put z 0 in the equation of the paraboloid, we get x 2 y 2 1. This
(0, 0, 1)
means that the plane intersects the paraboloid in the circle x 2 y 2 1, so the solid lies
under the paraboloid and above the circular disk D given by x 2 y 2 1 [see Figures 6
and 1(a)]. In polar coordinates D is given by 0 r 1, 0 2. Since
1 x 2 y 2 1 r 2, the volume is
0
2 1
D V yy 1 x 2 y 2 dA y y 1 r 2 r dr d
x y 0 0
D
1
FIGURE 6 2 1 r2 r4
y d y r r dr 2
3
0 0 2 4 0
2
If we had used rectangular coordinates instead of polar coordinates, then we would have
obtained
1 s1x 2
V yy 1 x 2 y 2 dA y y 1 x 2 y 2 dy dx
1 s1x 2
D
which is not easy to evaluate because it involves finding the following integrals:
y s1 x 2 dx y x s1 x
2 2 dx y 1 x
2 3
2
dx
What we have done so far can be extended to the more complicated type of region
r=h™(¨) shown in Figure 7. It’s similar to the type II rectangular regions considered in Section 15.3.
¨=∫
In fact, by combining Formula 2 in this section with Formula 15.3.5, we obtain the fol-
lowing formula.
D
h 2
FIGURE 7 then yy f x, y dA y y f r cos , r sin r dr d
h1
D
D=s(r, ¨) | 寨¯∫, h¡(¨)¯r¯h™(¨)d
SECTION 15.4 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES ❙❙❙❙ 1007
In particular, taking f x, y 1, h1 0, and h2 h in this formula, we see
that the area of the region D bounded by , , and r h is
h
AD yy 1 dA y y r dr d
0
D
h
r2 1
y d y 2 h 2 d
2 0
EXAMPLE 3 Use a double integral to find the area enclosed by one loop of the four-leaved
π
¨= 4 rose r cos 2.
SOLUTION From the sketch of the curve in Figure 8 we see that a loop is given by the
region
D {r,
4
4, 0 r cos 2}
So the area is
π
¨=_ 4
4 cos 2
AD yy dA y y r dr d
4 0
D
FIGURE 8
4 2
4
y
4
[ 12 r 2]cos
0 d 12 y
4
cos 2 2 d
4
4
14 y 1 cos 4 d 14 [ 14 sin 4]
4
4 8
EXAMPLE 4 Find the volume of the solid that lies under the paraboloid z x 2 y 2,
y above the xy-plane, and inside the cylinder x 2 y 2 2x.
(x-1)@+¥=1
(or r=2 cos ¨) SOLUTION The solid lies above the disk D whose boundary circle has equation
x 2 y 2 2x or, after completing the square,
D x 12 y 2 1
0 1 2
x (see Figures 9 and 10). In polar coordinates we have x 2 y 2 r 2 and x r cos , so
the boundary circle becomes r 2 2r cos , or r 2 cos . Thus, the disk D is given by
D {r,
2
2, 0 r 2 cos }
FIGURE 9
and, by Formula 3, we have
z
2 2 cos
V yy x 2 y 2 dA y y r 2 r dr d
2 0
D
2 cos
2 r4
2
y d 4 y cos 4 d
2 4
2
2
2 1 cos 2 2
8y cos 4 d 8 y d
0 0 2
2
2y 1 2 cos 2 12 1 cos 4 d
x 0
FIGURE 10
y
2[ 32 sin 2 18 sin 4]0 2
2
3
2
2
3
2
1008 ❙❙❙❙ CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
17–20 |||| Use a double integral to find the area of the region.
3. y 4. y
17. One loop of the rose r cos 3
2 3
18. The region enclosed by the curve r 4 3 cos
R R
1 19. The region within both of the circles r cos and r sin
0 x 0 1 3 x 20. The region inside the circle r 4 sin and outside the
2
circle r 2
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
21–27 |||| Use polar coordinates to find the volume of the given
solid.
R
2 22. Inside the sphere x 2 y 2 z 2 16 and outside the
2
R cylinder x 2 y 2 4
2 5
0 x 0 x
23. A sphere of radius a
2
24. Bounded by the paraboloid z 10 3x 2 3y 2 and the
plane z 4
25. Above the cone z sx 2 y 2 and below the sphere
x 2 y 2 z2 1
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
28. (a) A cylindrical drill with radius r 1 is used to bore a hole
through the center of a sphere of radius r 2 . Find the volume
9–16 Evaluate the given integral by changing to polar
||||
of the ring-shaped solid that remains.
coordinates.
(b) Express the volume in part (a) in terms of the height h of
9. xxD xy dA, the ring. Notice that the volume depends only on h, not on
where D is the disk with center the origin and radius 3 r 1 or r 2 .
10. xxR x y dA, where R is the region that lies to the left of 29–32 |||| Evaluate the iterated integral by converting to polar
the y-axis between the circles x 2 y 2 1 and x 2 y 2 4 coordinates.
11. xxR cosx 2 y 2 dA, where R is the region that lies above the 29.
1 s1x 2
ex
2
y 2 a sa 2y 2
x 2 y 2 32 dx dy
x-axis within the circle x 2 y 2 9
yy
0 0
dy dx 30. y y
a 0
SECTION 15.5 APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS ❙❙❙❙ 1009
2 s4y 2
x 2 y 2 dx dy
2 s2xx 2
sx 2 y 2 dy dx where Da is the disk with radius a and center the origin.
31. yy
0 s4y 2
32. yy
0 0 Show that
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
2
y 2
y y ex dA
33. A swimming pool is circular with a 40-ft diameter. The depth
(b) Determine an expression for the average amount of water y ex dx y ey dy
per hour per square foot supplied to the region inside the
circle of radius R. (c) Deduce that
2
35. Use polar coordinates to combine the sum y ex dx s
1 x s2 x 2 s4x 2
y y xy dy dx y y xy dy dx y y xy dy dx (d) By making the change of variable t s2 x, show that
1s2 s1x 2 1 0 s2 0
2
into one double integral. Then evaluate the double integral. y ex 2
dx s2
36. (a) We define the improper integral (over the entire plane 2
y
In Section 8.3 we were able to use single integrals to compute moments and the center of
mass of a thin plate or lamina with constant density. But now, equipped with the double
(x, y)
integral, we can consider a lamina with variable density. Suppose the lamina occupies a
region D of the xy-plane and its density (in units of mass per unit area) at a point x, y in
D
D is given by x, y, where is a continuous function on D. This means that
m
x, y lim
A
0 x
where
m and
A are the mass and area of a small rectangle that contains x, y and the
FIGURE 1 limit is taken as the dimensions of the rectangle approach 0. (See Figure 1.)
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
1.
2
1x 1 2 1
2 y=x
(x+2y)dydx = dx=
2 22
xy+y
y=0
x(x )+(x ) 0 0 dx
0 0 0 0
1 1
1 4 1 5 9
= (x +x )dx=
3 4
x+ x =
0 4 5 0 20
2.
22 2 x=2 2 2
1 2 1 1
xydxdy = dy= y(4 y )dy= (4y y )dy
2 3
x y
1y 1 2 x=y 1 2 2 1
1 2 1 4 2 1 1 9
= 2y y = 8 4 2+ =
2 4 1 2 4 8
3.
y
1e 1 y 1 1
2 3/2 x=e 2 2 2 3y/2 2 5/2
x dxdy = dy= (e y )dy=
3y/2 3/2
3
x
x=y 30 3 3
e
5
y
0
0 y 0
2 2 3/2 2 2 0 4 3/2 32
= e e +0 = e
3 3 5 3 9 45
4.
1 2 x 1 y=2 x 1
1 2 1 1 2
(x y)dydx = dx=
2 2 2 2 2
x y y x (2 x) (2 x) x (x)+ x dx
0 x 0 2 y=x 0 2 2
1 1
1 4 2 3 2 5
= ( 2x +2x +2x 2)dx=
3 2
x + x +x 2x =
0 2 3 0 6
5.
/2 cos /2 /2
sin sin r=cos sin sin /2
e dr d = re
r=0
d = (cos )e d = e
0
0 0 0 0
sin ( /2) 0
=e e =e 1
6.
1
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
1v 1 u=v 1 1
1
1 v dudv = dv= v
2 2 2 2 3/2
u 1 v 1 v dv= (1 v )
00 0
u=0
0 3 0
1 1
= (0 1)=
3 3
7.
2x 2 2
3 2 1 3 3 y=x 1
x y dA = x y dydx=
3 2
x y dx= 2x dx
6
D 0 x 0 3 y= x 30
2 1 7 2 2 7 256
= x = 2 0 =
3 7 0 21 21
8.
2 2x 2 2 y=2x 2 2
4y
3
dA =
4y
dydx=
2y
dx=
8x
dx
D x +2 3 3 3
1 0 x +2 1 x +2 y=0 1 x +2
8 3 2 8 8 10
= ln x +2 = (ln 10 ln 3)= ln
3 1 3 3 3
9.
1 x 1 2 y= x 1
2y y x
2
dydx = 2
dx= 2
dx
0 0 x +1 0 x +1 y=0 0 x +1
1 2 1 1 1
= ln x +1 = (ln 2 ln 1)= ln 2
2 0 2 2
1y 2 1 2 x=y 1 2 2 1
1 y 1
10. e dxdy= dy= ye dy=
y y y
xe e = (e 1)
00 0
x=0
0 2 0 2
3
2 y 2 2 2
11. e
x/y
dxdy= ye
x/y x= y
x= y
3
2
e
2
1 y 1 2
2
ey
1
=
1 4
2
(e 4e)
1 y 1 1
1y 1 x=y 1 1
1 2 2 3/2 1 3 1 1 4 1
12. y x dxdy= dy= y dy=
2 2
x (y x ) y =
00 0 3 x=0 30 3 4 0 12
2
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2
1 x 1 2 1 1
1 1
13. xcos ydydx= dx= xsin x dx=
y= x 2 2
xsin y cos x = (1 cos 1)
0 0 0
y=0
0 2 0 2
14.
1 x 1
1 2 y= x
(x+y)dydx = xy+ y dx
0 2 0 2 y=x
2
x
1
1 3 1 4
=
3/2
x + x x x dx
0 2 2
2 5/2 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 3
= x + x x x =
5 4 4 10 0 10
15.
2 2y 1 2
3 x=2y 1
y dxdy =
3
xy dy
x=2 y
1 2 y 1
2
= (2y 1) (2 y) y dy
3
1
2 2
3 5 3 4
= (3y 3y )dy=
4 3
y y
1 5 4 1
96 3 3 147
= 12 + =
5 5 4 20
16.
3
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2
1 y
2 1
xy dA
=
2
D xy dxdy
1 0
1 2 1
1 2 x= 1 y 1
= y
2 2 2
x dy= y (1 y )dy
1 2 x=0 2 1
1 1
1 1 1 3 1 5
2 4
= (y y )dy= y y
2 2 3 5 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 2
= + =
2 3 5 3 5 15
17.
2
2 4 x
(2x y)dydx
2 2
4 x
2 2
1 2 y= 4 x
= 2xy y dx
2 2 2
y= 4 x
2
1 1
= 2x 4 x
2
2
2
(
4 x +2x ) 2
4 x +
2
4 x
2
( ) dx
2
2 2
4
= 4x
2
4 x dx=
3
4 x
2
( ) 3/2 2
=0
2
2
(Or, note that 4x 4 x is an odd function, so
4
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2
2
4x 4 x dx=0 .)
2
18.
1 3 x 1
xydA = 2xydydx=
2 y=3 x
xy dx
D y=2x
0 2x 0
1
= x[(3 x) (2x) ]dx
2 2
0
1
= ( 3x 6x +9x)dx
3 2
3 4 3 9 2 1 3 9 7
= x 2x + x = 2+ =
4 2 0 4 2 4
19.
1x
V = (x+2y)dydx
0 4
x
1 1
2 y=x
= dx= (2x x x )dx
2 5 8
xy+y 4
0 y=x 0
2 3 1 6 1 9 1 2 1 1 7
= x x x = =
3 6 9 0 3 6 9 18
5
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
20.
2
1y
V =
2
(2x+y )dxdy
0 3
y
1 2 1
= dy= (2y y y )dy
2 2 x=y 4 6 5
x +xy 3
0 x=y 0
2 5 1 7 1 6 1 19
= y y y =
5 7 6 0 210
21.
2 7 3y 2 x=7 3y
1 2
V = xydxdy= x y dy
1 1 1 2 x=1
2
1
= (48y 42y +9y )dy
2 3
2 1
1 2 3 9 4 2 31
= 24y 14y + y =
2 4 1 8
22.
6
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
11
V =
2 2
(x +3y )dydx
0x
1 1
3 y=1
= dx= (x +1 2x )dx
2 2 3
x y+y
y=x
0 0
1 3 1 4 1 5
= x +x x =
3 2 0 6
23.
1 1 x
V = ( 1 x y ) dydx
0 0
1 2 y=1 x
y
= y xy dx
0 2 y=0
1
1
=
2 2
(1 x) (1 x) dx
0 2
1 1
1 1 1
=
2 3
(1 x) dx= (1 x) =
0 2 6 0 6
24.
7
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
1 2 x
V = xdydx
0 x
1 1
= x y dx= (2x 2x )dx
y=2 x 2
y=x
0 0
2 2 3 1 1
= x x =
3 0 3
25.
2 4
V =
2
x dydx
2 2
x
2 2
= x y dx= (4x x )dx
2 y=4 2 4
2
2 y=x 2
4 3 1 5 2 32 32 32 32 128
= x x = + =
3 5 2 3 5 3 5 15
26.
8
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2 2y
V =
2
4 y dxdy
0 0
2 x=2y 2
= dy= 2y
2 2
x 4 y 4 y dy
x=0
0 0
2 2 16 16
=
3
4 y
2
( ) 3/2 0
=0+
3
=
3
27.
2
1 1 x 1 2 2
y y= 1 x
V = ydydx= dx
0 0 0 2 y=0
1 2 1
1 x 1 1 3 1
= dx= x x =
0 2 2 3 0 3
28.
By symmetry, the desired volume V is 8 times the volume V in the first octant. Now
1
2 2
r r y
V =
2 2
1 r y dxdy
0 0
r 2 2
x= r y
2 2
= x r y dy
x=0
0
9
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
r r
1 3 2 3
2 2 2
= (r y )dy= r y y = r
0 3 0 3
16 3
Thus V = r .
3
29.
From the graph, it appears that the two curves intersect at x=0 and at x 1.213 . Thus the desired
integral is
2
1.213 3x x 1.213
2
D
xdA xdydx= xy
y=3x x
4
dx
0 4 0 y= x
x
1.213 1.213
1 4 1 6
2 3 5 3
= (3x x x )dx= x x x
0 4 6 0
0.713
30.
The desired solid is shown in the first graph. From the second graph, we estimate that y=cos x
intersects y=x at x 0.7391 . Therefore the volume of the solid is
0.7391 cos x 0.7391 cos x
V zdydx= xdydx
0 x 0 x
10
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
0.7391 0.7391
y=cos x 2
= xy dx= (xcos x x )dx
y= x
0 0
1 3 0.7391
= 0.1024
cos x+xsin x
x
3 0
Note: There is a different solid which can also be construed to satisfy the conditions stated in the
exercise. This is the solid bounded by all of the given surfaces, as well as the plane y=0 . In case you
calculated the volume of this solid and want to check your work, its volume is
0.7391 x /2 cos x
V xdydx+ xdydx 0.4684 .
0 0 0.7391 0
2 2 2 2
31. The two bounding curves y=1 x and y=x 1 intersect at ( 1,0 ) with 1 x x 1 on 1,1 .
Within this region, the plane z=2x+2y+10 is above the plane z=2 x y , so
2 2
1 1 x 1 1 x
V = (2x+2y+10)dydx (2 x y)dydx
1 2 1 2
x 1 x 1
2 2
1 1 x 1 1 x
= (2x+2y+10 (2 x y))dydx= (3x+3y+8)dydx
1 2 1 2
x 1 x 1
1 2
3 2 y=1 x
= 3xy+ y +8y
2 2
dx
1 y=x 1
1
3 3 2 2
2 22 2 2 2
= 3x(1 x )+ (1 x ) +8(1 x ) 3x(x 1) (x 1) 8(x 1) dx
1 2 2
1 1
3 4 16 3 2
( 6x 16x +6x+16)dx= 2 x 3 x +3x +16x
3 2
=
1
1
3 16 3 16 64
= +3+16+ 3+16=
2 3 2 3 3
32. The two planes intersect in the line y=1 , z=3 , so the region of integration is the plane region
2
enclosed by the parabola y=x and the line y=1 . We have 2+y 3y for 0 y 1 , so the solid region is
bounded above by z=2+y and bounded below by z=3y .
11
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
V = (2+y)dydx (3y)dydx= (2+y 3y)dydx= (2 2y)dydx
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
x x x x
1 1 1
2 y=1 2 3 1 5 16
2 4
= 2y y dx= (1 2x +x )dx= x x+ x =
2 3 5 1 15
1 y=x 1
3 2 2 3
33. The two bounding curves y=x x and y=x +x intersect at the origin and at x=2 , with x +x>x x
on ( 0,2 ) . Using a CAS, we find that the volume is
2 2
2 x +x 2 x +x
13,984,735,616
V = zdydx=
3 4 2
(x y +xy )dydx=
0 3 0 3 14,549,535
x x x x
2 2 2 2
34. For x 1 and y 1 , 2x +y <8 x 2y . Also, the cylinder is described by the inequalities
2 2
1 x 1 , 1 x y 1 x . So the volume is given by
2
1 1 x
13
V =
2 2 2 2
(8 x 2y ) (2x +y ) dydx=
1 2
2
1 x
[using a CAS]
2 2
35. The two surfaces intersect in the circle x +y =1 , z=0 and the region of integration is the disk D :
2
1 1 x
x +y 1 . Using a CAS, the volume is (1 x y )dA=
2 2 2 2 2 2
(1 x y )dydx= .
D 1 2
2
1 x
2 2
36. The projection onto the xy plane of the intersection of the two surfaces is the circle x +y =2y
2 2 2 2
x +y 2y=0
x +(y 1) =1 , so the region of integration is given by 1 x 1 ,
12
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2 2 2 2
1 1 x y 1+ 1 x . In this region, 2y x +y so, using a CAS, the volume is
2
1 1+ 1 x
V =
2 2
[2y (x +y )]dydx= .
1 2
2
1 1 x
37.
38.
{
= ( x,y ) |0 x
y
4
,0 y 4 }
we have
14
f (x,y)dydx = f (x,y)dA
D
0 4x
13
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
4 y/4
= f (x,y)dxdy
0 0
39.
{
D = (x,y)| 9 y x
2 2
9 y ,0 y 3 }
= { (x,y)|0 }
2
y 9 x , 3 x 3
we have
2 2
3 9 y 3 9 x
f(x,y)dxdy= f(x,y)dA= f(x,y)dydx
0 2 D 3 0
9 y
40.
To reverse the order, we must break the region into two separate type I regions. Because the region of
integration is
D ={(x,y)|0 x 9 y,0 y 3}
={(x,y)|0 y 3,0 x 6} { ( x,y) |0 2
}
y 9 x , 6 x 3
we have
3 9 y
= f (x,y)dA
f (x,y)dxdy D
0 0
14
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2
6 3 3 9 x
= f (x,y)dydx+ f (x,y)dydx
0 0 6 0
41.
42.
15
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
43.
1 3 2 3 x/3 2
e dxdy =
x x
e dydx
0 3y 0 0
3 2 y=x/3 3 2
x
= dx=
x x
e y e dx
0
y=0
0 3
2 3 9
1 x e 1
= e =
6 0 6
44.
1 1 2
1x
3
3
x +1 dxdy = x +1 dydx
0 y 0 0
1 2 1
y=x
dx= x
3 2 3
= x +1 y x +1 dx
y=0
0 0
2 3 3/2 1 2 3/2
=
9
(x +1)
0
=
9
(2 1 )
45.
3 9 9 x
2
ycos x dxdy = ycos x dydx
2
0 2
y 0 0
16
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
9 2 y= x 9
y 1
= cos x dx=
2 2
xcos x dx
0 2 y=0 0 2
1 2 9 1
= sin x = sin 81
4 0 4
46.
1 1 1 y
3 3
x sin (y )dydx = 3 3
x sin (y )dxdy
0 2
x 0 0
1 4 x= y
x
3
= sin (y ) dy
0 4 x=0
1
1 2
3
= y sin (y )dy
0 4
1 3 1 1
= cos (y ) = (1 cos 1)
12 0 12
47.
1 /2
2
cos x 1+cos x dxdy
0 arcsiny
/2 sin x
2
= cos x 1+cos x dydx
0 0
/2
2 y=sin x
= cos x 1+cos x y dx
y=0
0
17
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
/2
2
= cos x 1+cos x sin xdx
0
Let u=cos x,du= sin xdx,dx=du/( sin x)
0 0
1
= u 1+u du=
3
1+u
2 2
( ) 3/2 1
1
1 1
= ( 8 1) = ( 2 2 1)
3 3
48.
8 2 4 3
2 x 4
x
e dxdy =
x
e dydx
0 3
y 0 0
2 4 3 2 4
= e dx= x e dx
x y=x 3 x
y
y=0
0 0
4 2
1 x 1 16
= e = (e 1)
4 0 4
49.
D = { (x,y)|0 x 1, x+1 y 1} { (x,y)| 1 x 0,x+1 y 1}
{ (x,y)|0 x 1, 1 y x 1} { (x,y)| 1 x 0, 1 y x 1} ,
all type I.
1 1 0 1 1 x 1 0 x 1
2
x dydx+ x dydx+ x dydx+
x dA = 2 2 2 2
x dydx
D 0 1 x 1 x+1 0 1 1 1
1 1
= 4
2 2
x dydx[ by symmetry of the regions and because f (x,y)=x 0]
0 1 x
1 1
1 4
= 4 x dx=4
3
x =1
0 4 0
18
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
50.
{
D = (x,y)| 1 x 0, 1 y 1+x2 } { (x,y)|0 x 1, x y 1+x
2
}
{(x,y)|0 x 1, 1 y x} ,
all type I.
2 2
0 1+ x 1 1+ x 1 x
xydA =
xydydx+ xydydx+ xydydx
D
1 1 0 x 0 1
0 2 1 2 1
1 2 y=1+ x 1 2 y=1+ x 1 2 y= x
= 2
xy
y= 1
dx+
2
xy dx+
2
xy
y= 1
dx
1 0 y= x 0
0 1 1
1 5 1 5 1 2
x + x dx+ (x +2x x +x)dx+
3 3 2
= (x x)dx
1 2 0 2 0 2
1 4 1 6 0 1 1 6 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1
= x+ x + x+ x x+ x + x x
4 12 1 2 6 2 3 2 0 2 3 2 0
1 5 1
= + =0
3 12 12
3 3 3 3
51. For D= 0,1 0,1 , 0 x +y 2 and A(D)=1 , so 0 x +y dA 2 .
D
2 2 2 2
52. Since D= { 2
(x,y)| x +y
2 1
4 } , 1=e e
0 x +y
e
1/4
and A(D)=
4
, so
4
D
e
x +y 1/4
dA (e )
4
.
D D D
m 1dA f (x,y)dA M 1dA by (7)
mA(D) f (x,y)dA MA(D) by (10).
D D D D
54.
19
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
1 2y 3 3 y
f (x,y)dA = f (x,y)dxdy+ f (x,y)dxdy
D
0 0 1 0
2 3 x
= f (x,y)dydx
0 x/2
56. First, 0in0.19in ] The region D , shown in the figure, is symmetric with respect to the y axis and
3x is an odd function of x , so 3xdA=0 . Similarly, 4y is an odd function of y and D is symmetric
D
with respect to the x axis, so 4ydA=0 . Then
D
( 2 3x+4y ) dA = 2dA=2 dA
D D D
= 2(area of D)=2(50)
= 100
1 x y 0 , we can interpret
2 2 2 2
57. Since 1 x y dA as the volume of the solid that lies below
D
20
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.3 Double Integrals over General Regions
2 2 2 2
the graph of z= 1 x y and above the region D in the xy plane. z= 1 x y is equivalent to
2 2 2 2 2
x +y +z =1 , z 0 which meets the xy plane in the circle x +y =1 , the boundary of D . Thus, the
1 4 3 2
solid is an upper hemisphere of radius 1 which has volume (1) = .
2 3 3
58. To find the equations of the boundary curves, we require that the z values of the two surfaces be
the same. In Maple, we use the command solve(4 x^2 y^2=1 x y,y);
and in Mathematica, we use Solve[4 x^2 y^ 2==1 x y,y] . We find that the curves have equations
2
1 13+4x 4x
y= .
2
2
To find the two points of intersection of these curves, we use the CAS to solve 13+4x 4x =0 , finding
1 14
that x= . So, using the CAS to evaluate the integral, the volume of intersection is
2
( 1+ 14 ) /2 ( 1+ 13+4x 4x
2
) /2 49
2 2
V= [(4 x y ) (1 x y)]dydx= .
8
( 1 14 ) /2
( 1 13+4x 4x
2
) /2
21
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
1. The region R is more easily described by polar coordinates: R= { (r, )|0 r 2,0 2 } . Thus
2 2
f (x,y)dA= f (rcos ,rsin )r dr d .
R 0 0
4. The region R is more easily described by polar coordinates: R=
/2 3
{ (r, )|1 r 3,0
2 } .
5. The region R is more easily described by polar coordinates: R= { (r, )|2 r 5,0 2 } . Thus
2 5
f (x,y)dA= f (rcos ,rsin )r dr d .
R 0 2
2 7
7. The integral r dr d represents the area of the region R= { (r, )|4 r 7, 2 } , the lower
4
half of a ring.
2 7 2 7
r dr d = d r dr
4 4
2 1 2 7 1 33
= r = ( 49 16 ) =
2 4 2 2
1
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
/2 4cos
8. The integral r dr d represents the area of the region R= { (r, )|0 r 4cos ,0 /2} .
0 0
2 2 2 2 2
Since r=4cos r =4rcos x +y =4x (x 2) +y =4 , R is the portion in the first quadrant of a
circle of radius 2 with center ( 2,0 ) .
/2 4cos /2 r=4cos /2
1 2
2
r dr d = r d = 8cos d
0 0 0 2 r=0 0
/2 /2
1
= 4(1+cos 2 )d =4 + sin 2
2 0
=2
0
9. The disk D can be described in polar coordinates as D= { (r, )|0 r 3,0 2 } . Then
2 3 2 3
xydA = (rcos )(rsin )r dr d = sin cos d
3
r dr
D
0 0 0 0
1 2 2 1 4 3
= sin r =0
2 0 4 0
10.
3 /2 2 3 /2 2
(x+y)dA = (rcos +rsin )r dr d =
2
r (cos +sin dr d
R
/2 1 /2 1
3 /2 2 2
1 3
2 3 /2
= (cos +sin d r dr = sin cos r
/2 3 1
/2 1
8 1 14
=( 1 0 1+0) =
3 3 3
2
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
11.
3 3
2 2
cos (x +y )dA = cos (r )r dr d =
2
d rcos (r )dr
2
R 00 0 0
1 2 3 1
= sin (r ) = (sin 9 sin 0)= sin 9
0 2 0 2 2
12.
/2 2 /2 2
2 2
2 2
4 x y dA = 4 r r dr d = d r 4 r dr
R /2 0 /2 0
/2 1 2 2 3/2 2 1 3/2 8
= (4 r ) = + (0 4 ) =
/2 2 3 0 2 2 3 3
13.
2 2 /2 2 2 /2 2 2
x y r r
e dA = e r dr d = d re dr
D /2 0 /2 0
2 2
/2 1 r 1 4 0 4
= e = (e e )= (1 e )
/2 2 0 2 2
/2 5 5 /2
rcos rcos
14. r dr d =
x 2
ye dA= (rsin )e r sin e d dr . First we integrate
R 0 0 0 0
/2
rcos
2
r sin e d : Let u=rcos du= rsin d , and
0
/2 u=0
rcos
2 u 0 r r
r sin e d = r e du= r[e e ]=re r . Then
0 u=r
5 /2 5 5
rcos 1 2 23
d dr= (re r)dr= re e
2 r r r 5
r sin e r =4e , where we integrated by parts in the
0 0 0 2 0 2
first term.
15. R is the region shown in the figure, and can be described by R= { (r, )|0 /4,1 r 2} .
/4 2
Thus arctan(y/x)dA= arctan(tan )r dr d
R 0 1
since y/x=tan . Also, arctan (tan )= for 0 /4 ,
so the integral becomes
3
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
/4 2 /4 2 /4 2
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2
r dr d = d r dr= r =
= .
0 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 32 2 64
16.
= xdA xdA
xdA 2 2 2 2
D x +y 4 ( x 1 ) +y 1
x 0,y 0 y 0
/2 2 /2 2cos
2 2
= r cos dr d r cos dr d
0 0 0 0
/2 /2
1 1
4
= (8cos )d (8cos )d
0 3 0 3
8 8 3 3 /2
= cos sin + ( +sin cos )
3 12 2 0
8 2 3 16 3
= 0+ =
3 3 2 2 6
/6 /6
1 1 1+cos 6
2
= cos 3 d =2 d
/6 2 0 2 2
4
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
1 1 /6
= + sin 6 =
2 6 0 12
19. By symmetry,
/4 sin /4 r=sin
1 2
A =2 r dr d =2 2
r
r=0
d
0 0 0
/4 /4
1
2
= sin d = (1 cos 2 )d
0 0 2
1 1 /4
= sin 2
2 2 0
1 1 1 1
= sin 0+ sin 0 = ( 2 )
2 4 2 2 2 8
5
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
5
20. 2=4sin implies that = or , so
6 6
5 /6 4sin 5 /6 r=4sin 5 /6
1 2
2
A= r dr d = r d = (8sin 2)d
/6 2 /6 2 r=2 /6
5 /6
4
5 /6
= [4(1 cos 2 ) 2]d = 2 2sin 2 = +2 3 .
/6 3
/6
2 3 2 3 3
1 4 81 81
(x +y )dA= (r )r dr d = d
2 2 2 3 2
21. V = r dr= r =2 =
2 2 0 0 0 0
0 4 0 4 2
x +y 9
2 2 2 2 2
22. The sphere x +y +z =16 intersects the xy plane in the circle x +y =16 , so
2 2
V =2 16 x y dA [by symmetry]
2 2
4 x +y 16
2 4 2 4
= 2 16 r r dr d =2 d
2 2 1/2
r(16 r ) dr
0 2 0 2
2 1 2 3/2 4 2 3/2 4
=2
0
3
(16 r ) =
2 3
(2 )(0 12 )=
3
( 12 12 ) =32 3
23. By symmetry,
2 a 2 a
a x y dA=2 a r r dr d =2 d
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
V =2 r a r dr
2 2 2 0 0 0 0
x +y a
2 1 2 2 3/2 a 1 3 4 3
=2 (a r ) =2(2 ) 0+ a = a
0 3 0 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
24. The paraboloid z=10 3x 3y intersects the plane z=4 when 4=10 3x 3y or x +y =2 . So
6
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
2 2
(10 3x 3y ) 4 dA=
2 2 2
V = (6 3r )r dr d
2 2 0 0
x +y 2
2 2
3 4 2
3 2 2
= d (6r 3r )dr= 3r r =6
0 0
0 4 0
2
intersects the sphere x +y +z =1 when x +y + ( ) =1 or x +y = 12 .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25. The cone z= x +y x +y
So
2 1/ 2
V =
2
2
( 1 x y
2 2
x +y
2 2
) dA= ( 2
)
1 r r r dr d
0 0
x +y 1/2
2 1/ 2
= d (r 1 r r
2 2
) dr= 2
0
1
3
2 3/2 1 3
(1 r )
3
r
1/ 2
0
0 0
1 1
= 2 1 = ( 2 2 )
3 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
26. The two paraboloids intersect when 3x +3y =4 x y or x +y =1 . So
2 1
[(4 x y ) 3(x +y )]dA=
2 2 2 2 2
V = 4(1 r )r dr d
2 2 0 0
x +y 1
2 1
4 1
3 2 2
= d (4r 4r )dr= 2r r =2
0 0
0 0
2 2 2 2
27. The given solid is the region inside the cylinder x +y =4 between the surfaces z= 64 4x 4y
2 2
and z= 64 4x 4y . So
V =
2
2
64 4x 4y
2 2
( 64 4x 4y
2 2
) dA
x +y 4
2 2
64 4x 4y dA=4
2 2 2
= 2 16 r r dr d
2 2 0 0
x +y 4
7
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
2 2 2
1
= 4 d
2 2 2 3/2
r 16 r dr=4 (16 r )
0 0
0 3 0
1 3/2 2/3 8
= 8
3
(12 16 )=
3
( 64 24 3 )
2 2 2 2
28. (a) Here the region in the xy plane is the annular region r x +y r and the desired volume is
1 2
twice that above the xy plane. Hence
2 r
2
r x y dA=2
2 2 2 2 2
V =2 r r r dr d
2 2 2 2
2 2
0 r
r x +y r 1
1 2
2 r
2
4 2 3/2 r 2 4
= 2 d
2 2 2 2 2 3/2
r r r dr= (r r ) = (r r )
0
2 3 2 r 3 2 1
r 1
1
2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
(b) A cross sectional cut is shown in the figure. So r = h +r or h =r r .
2 2 1 4 2 1
4 1 2 3/2 3
Thus the volume in terms of h is V = h = h .
3 4 6
29.
1 1 x
2 /2 1 2
2 2
r
x +y
e dydx = e r dr d
0 0 0 0
8
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
/2 1 2
r
= d re dr
0 0
2 1
/2 1 r 1
= e = (e 1)
0 2 0 4
30.
/2 a /2 a
2 3/2 4
(r ) r dr d = d r dr
/2 0 /2 0
/2 1 5 a
= r
/2 5 0
1 5
= a
5
31.
2 2
= (sin cos ) d
2 2 2 5
(rcos ) (rsin ) r dr d r dr
00 0 0
2 2
1
=
5
sin 2 d r dr
0 2 0
1 1 1 1 6 2
= sin 4 r
4 2 8 0 6 0
1 64 4
= =
4 2 6 3
32.
9
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
/2 2cos /2 r=2cos
1 3
2
r dr d = r d
0 0 0 3 r=0
/2
8
3
= cos d
0 3
8 1 3 /2 16
= sin sin =
3 3 0 9
33. The surface of the water in the pool is a circular disk D with radius 20 ft. If we place D on
coordinate axes with the origin at the center of D and define f (x,y) to be the depth of the water at
( x,y ) , then the volume of water in the pool is the volume of the solid that lies above
{ 2 2
}
D= (x,y)| x +y 400 and below the graph of f (x,y) . We can associate north with the positive y
direction, so we are given that the depth is constant in the x direction and the depth increases linearly
in the y direction from f (0, 20)=2 to f (0,20)=7 . The trace in the yz plane is a line segment from
7 2 1
(0, 20,2) to (0,20,7) . The slope of this line is = , so an equation of the line is
20 ( 20 ) 8
1 1 9 1 9
z 7= (y 20) z= y+ . Since f (x,y) is independent of x , f (x,y)= y+ . Thus the volume is
8 8 2 8 2
given by f (x,y)dA , which is most conveniently evaluated using polar coordinates. Then
D
D= { (r, )|0 r 20,0 2 } and substituting x=rcos , y=rsin the integral becomes
2 20 2 r =20 2
1 9 1 3 9 2 1000
8
rsin +
2
r dr d = 24
r sin + r
4 r =0
d =
3
sin +900 d
0 0 0 0
1000 2
= cos +900 =1800
3 0
3
Thus the pool contains 1800
5655 ft of water.
34. (a) The total amount of water supplied each hour to the region within R feet of the sprinkler is
2 R 2 R
r r r r R
e r dr d = d
2
V = re dr= re e
0 0
0 0 0 0
(b) The average amount of water per hour per square foot supplied to the region within R feet of the
R R
sprinkler is
V
=
V
=
2 1 Re e 3
ft (per hour per square foot). See the definition
( )
areaofregion 2 2
R R
of the average value of a function on page 1022 [ET 986].
2
1 x 2 x 2 4 x
35. xydydx+ xydydx+ xydydx
1/ 2 2 1 0 2 0
1 x
/4 2 /4 4 r =2
r
3
= r cos sin dr d = cos sin d
0 1 0 4 r =1
/4 2 /4
15 15 sin 15
=
4
sin cos d =
4 2 0
=
16
0
2 a a
36. (a) e
(x +y )
2 2
dA= re
r
2
dr d =2
1
2
e
r
2
=
0
( 1 e ) for each a . Then
a
2
D 0 0
a
lim
( 1 e ) = a
2
since e
a
2
0 as a . Hence e
(x +y )
2 2
dA= .
a
2 2 a a 2 2 a 2 a 2
(x +y ) x y x y
(b) e dA= e e dxdy= e dx e dy for each a .
S a a a a
a
11
Stewart Calculus ET 5e 0534393217;15. Multiple Integrals; 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
2 2 2
x x x x x
This is true since on 1,1 , 0<e 1 while on ( , 1 ) , 0<e e and on ( 1, ) , 0<e <e .
2 1 1
x x 1
e dx+ dx+ e dx=2(e +1) .
x
Hence 0 e dx
1 1
2 2 2 2
x y x
(c) Since e dx e dy = and y can be replaced by x , e dx = implies that
2 2 2
x x x
e dx=
. But e 0 for all x , so e dx= .
(d) Letting t= 2 x , e
x
2
dx=
1
2
(e ) 2
t /2
dt , so that =
1
2
e
2
t /2
dt or e
2
t /2
dt= 2 .
2 2
x 1 x
37. (a) We integrate by parts with u=x and dv=xe dx . Then du=dx and v= e , so
2
2 t 2 2 t t 2
2 x 2 x 1 1
+
x x
xe dx = lim xe dx=lim xe e dx
0 t 0 t 2 0 0 2
2 2 2
1 1 x 1 x
t
= lim te + e dx=0+ e dx [by l’Hospital’s Rule]
t 2 2 0 2 0
2 2
1 x
x
= e dx [since e is an even function]
4
1
= [by Exercise 36(c)]
4
2
(b) Let u= x . Then u =x dx=2udu
t t 2 2
x x u 2 u
x e dx = lim x e dx=lim ue 2udu=2 u e du
0 t 0 t 0 0
1 1
= 2 [by part(a)]=
4 2
12