FE1007 Mathematics 2

Tutorial 1: Partial Differentiation (a) 1. Find the limits of the following functions: (a) lim
x 0 y 0

xy xy + 1 1

sin( xy ) (b) lim x 0 x y 0

y 2 2x (c) lim 2 x 0 y + 2 x y 0

2.

Check the following if continuity exists at point (0, 0).

0 (a) f ( x, y ) = 2 2 xy x y x2 + y2 x= y=0 otherwise 0 (b) f ( x, y ) = 2 2 x y x2 + y2 x= y=0 otherwise

3.

Find the equation of the curve in terms of x and y whose graph follows the path:

+ t 2 1 r (t ) = (t + 1) i j
d 2r dr Then calculate and 2 at t = 1 . dt dt
2 . Calculate dr and d r at t = . + (tan t ) j + (sec t tan t ) k Let r (t ) = (sec t ) i dt 4 dt 2

4.

5.

Partial Derivatives (a)

(b) (c) (d) (e) f ( x, y ) = x + y x 2 + y 2 , z= x cos y y cos x , 1 + sin x + sin y find find f x z x

( 3, 4 )

z = ln

x+ y ,

( 0, 0)

z z find x + y y x find x z 1 z + y x ln x y f f f find , and x y z

z = xy ,
f ( x, y, z ) = ( x + y ) yz + z tan x ,

6.

Implicit Differentiation

FE1007 Mathematics 2

(a)
(b)

xyz +

1 =1 , x+z

find

z z and x y
z 2 xz 2 z = y y 2 xyz 2 xz 1 x

2 xz 2 xyz + ln( xyz ) = 0

show x

7.

Composite Function Chain Rule (a) (b)

z = e x 2 y , x = sin t , y = t 3 W = x 2 y 3 , x = s + t , y = st

find find

dz dt s

W W t s t

8.

Let w = f ( x, y ) , x = r cos and y = r sin . Show that

f w w sin cos = x r r and f w w cos sin + = y r r

9.

Show that if w = f (u , v ) satisfies the Laplace equation f uu + f vv = 0 , and if x2 y2 u= and v = xy , then w xx + w yy = 0 2 Determine the total differential (dz) and increment (z) of the following functions at the given point. (a) (b) z= z= y x xy x + y2
2

10.

at x = 2 , y = 1 , dx = 0.1 , dy = 0.2 at x = 2 , y = 1 , dx = 0.01 , dy = 0.03

11.

Gradient Vector find f of the following functions (a) f ( x, y ) = xy x + y2

2

(b) f ( x, y, z ) = xe 2 y sin z

(c) f ( x, y, z ) = 12.

sin x cos( y + z )

Find the rate of change of the following functions at the given point and the given directions.

FE1007 Mathematics 2

(a) f ( x, y, z ) = y 2 + z 2 4 xz , (b) f ( x, y, z ) = 2 x 3 + xy 2 + xz 2 ,

Po (2,1,3) , Po (1,1,1) ,

6 A = 2i j + 3k
4k A = 3i

13.

Find the direction from point (1, 3) in which the value of function y f ( x, y ) = e 2 y tan 1 3x does not change.

14.

The temperature at any point of a rectangular plate lying in the xy-plane is T degrees, and T = 3x 2 + 2 xy . Find: (i) the maximum rate of change of the temperature at point (3, 6) on the plate; and (ii) the direction in which this maximum rate of change at (3, 6) occurs.

FE1007 Mathematics 2

Answers:

Q1 Q2 Q3

(a) 2 (a) continuous y = x 2 2x

(b) 0

(c) limit does not exist (b) not continuous

dr (1) = i +2 j dt

d 2 r (1) = 2 j dt 2 d 2 r ( 4) +4 =3 2i j + 11 2 k 2 dt

Q4 Q5

dr ( 4) +2 = 2i j +3 2k dt

(a) 2/5; (b) 1; (c) 1/2; (d) 2z f f (e) = yz ( x + y ) yz 1 + z sec 2 x = yz ( x + y ) yz 1 + z ( x + y ) yz ln( x + y ) x y f = y ( x + y ) yz ln( x + y ) + tan x z (a) (b) z yz ( x + z ) 2 1 = x 1 xy( x + z ) 2
z z 2 xz 2 x y = x y 2 xyz 2 xz 1
3 dz = e sin t 2t (cos t 6t 2 ) dt

Q6

z xz ( x + z ) 2 = y 1 xy( x + z ) 2

Q7 Q10

(a)

(b)

W W 3 2 2 t = x y 2 s t

t s

(a) total differential dz = 0.075, increment z = 0.0714 (b) total differential dz = 0.006, increment z = 0.00586
f f y y 2 x 2 x x 2 y 2 i+ j= i+ j 2 2 x y x2 + y2 x2 + y2 f f f 2 xe 2 y sin z i+ j + k = e 2 y sin z i j + xe 2 y cos z k (b) f = x y z cos x sin( y + z ) sin x sin( y + z ) sin x f f f i+ j+ k = i+ j+ k (c) f = cos( y + z ) x y z cos 2 ( y + z ) cos 2 ( y + z )

Q11

(a) f =

) (

) (

Q12

6 3 = 2i 6 ; Du f = (a) j+ k A 7 7 7 7

; D f = 16 = 3i 4k (b) A u 5 5 5

Q13

1 + y Let r = xi j to be the direction; then x = + y 3 T (3,6) = 6 2 ; direction u = 1 1 i+ j 2 2

Q14

FE1007 Mathematics 2

Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation (b)

1.

Find the tangent plane and normal line equations to the given surface at the indicated point. (a) x 2 + y 2 z 2 = 6 (b)
x+ y+ z =4

Po (3,1, 2) Po (1, 4,1)

2.

Find the equation of tangent line to the intersecting curve of two surfaces at the given point. (a) x 2 + y 2 z = 8 (b) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 x y 2 + z 2 = 2 yz = 4 Po (2,2, 0) Po (1, 2, 2)

3.

Show that the spheres x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 and ( x b) 2 + y 2 + z 2 = (b a) 2 are tangent to each others at point (a, 0, 0), where a and b are constants. Show that the two surfaces x 2 2 yz + y 3 = 4 and x 2 + (4c 2) y 2 cz 2 + 1 = 0 are normal to each other at point (1, 1, 2), where c is a constant.

4.

5.

Test the following functions for the maxima, minima, and saddle points. Find the function values at these points. (a) f ( x, y ) = x 3 + 3 xy + y 3 (b) f ( x, y ) = 3 + 2 x + 2 y 2 x 2 2 xy y 2

6.

A flat circular plate has the shape of the region x 2 + y 2 1 . The plate, including the boundary where x 2 + y 2 = 1 , is heated so that the temperature at any point (x, y) is T ( x, y ) = x 2 + 2 y 2 x Find the hottest and coldest points on the plate and the temperature at the respective points. Find the point on the plane x 3 z = 0 such that the summation of distance squares between that point and points A(1, 1, 1) and B(2, 3, 4) is the smallest.

7.

FE1007 Mathematics 2

8.

Find three positive numbers whose summation is equal to 24 and their product is the largest.

9.

Given n positive numbers a1 , a 2 , ..., a n . Find the maximum value of the expression W = a1 x1 + a 2 x 2 + ... + a n x n if the variables x1 , x 2 , ..., x n are restricted so that the sum of their squares is 1. Also find the values of x1 , x 2 , ..., and x n that maximizes W.

Answers:

Q1

(a) Tangent Plane: 6 x 2 y 4 z = 12 (b) Tangent Plane: 2 x + y + 2 z = 8 x2 y+2 z = = =t 4 1 20

Normal Line:

x 3 = 6 x 1 Normal Line: = 1/ 2 y2 z2 = =t 4 4

y +1 z 2 = =t 2 4 y 4 z 1 = =t 1/ 4 1/ 2

Q2 Q5

(a)

(b) x = 1 ,

(a) (0,0) saddle point; (1, 1) local maximum (b) (0,1) local maximum Hottest: T =
1 3 1 3 , 2 2 and 2 , 2 1 1 Coldest: T = at point , 0 4 2

Q6

9 at points 4

Q7 Q8 Q9

x=

21 , 10

y=2 ,

z=

7 10

8, 8, and 8
2 2 W = a12 + a 2 + ... + a n

FE1007 Mathematics 2

Tutorial 3 Sequence and Infinite Series

1.

Determine which of the following sequences converge and which diverge. Find the limit of the converging sequence. (a) a n =

n3 + 1 n(n + 3) 2
ln n ln 2n

(b) a n = sin n

(c) a n = sin + 2 n (f) a n = n1 n

(d) a n =

(e) a n =

( 2)

2.

Find the sum of the following series. (a)

2 n +1 n 1 n =1 3

(b)

4 5 n + n 3 n =1 2

(c)

(4n 3)(4n + 1)
n =1

3.

Determine whether the following series converges or diverges. (a) 1 n n n =1 n 2

(b)

n n = 2 ln n
n2en n! n =1

(c)

tan 1 n n1.1 n =1

(d) 4.

1 1 2 n n =1 1 + (ln n)

(e)

(f)

n =1

n +1 2 n

Determine whether the following series converges or diverges. If it converges, determine the sum of the series (a)

2n + 1
2

n =1 n

(n + 1)

(b)

2n 1 n n=0 3

(c)

n!
n

n = 0 1000

(d)

n=2

1 n 1

5.

Determine which of the following alternating series converge and which diverge. If the series converge, determine whether the convergence is absolutely or conditionally. (a)

(1)
n =1

n +1

n n +1

(b)

(1)
n =1

n +1

1 1 + ln n

FE1007 Mathematics 2

(c)

(1) n+1
n =1

n+2 n(n + 1)

(d)

(1)
n =1

n +1

n! 2n

6.

Find the interval of convergence of the following power series. (a) x +

x2 2 + x3 3 + x4 4 + ...

(b) 1

x2 x4 x6 + + ... 2! 4! 6!
( x 7) n n

(c) x +

1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7 x + x + x + ... 2 2 4 2 46
( x + 1) n n

(d)

n =1

(e)

(1) n
n =1

(f)

( x 3) n x 3 ( x 3) 2 + ... + + + ... 1 3 2 32 n 3n

Answers: Q1 (a) Converge (d) Converge

(b) Converge (e) Diverge (b) 7 (c) 1 (b) Diverge (e) Converge

(c) Converge (f) Converge

Q2 Q3

(a) 12 (a) Converge (d) Converge

(c) Converge (f) Diverge

Q4

(a) Converge, sum =1 (c) Diverge (a) Diverge (c) Converge Absolutely (a) [1, 1) (d) [6, 8)

(b) Converge, sum = 3/2 (d) Diverge (b) Converge Conditionally (d) Diverge (c) (1, 1) (f) (0, 6)

Q5

Q6

(b) (, ) (e) (2, 0]

FE1007 Mathematics 2

Tutorial 4 Taylor Series

1.

The series for sec x in the range

< x < is: 2 2 1 5 4 61 6 277 8 sec x = 1 + x 2 + x + x + x + ... 2 24 720 8064

(a) Find the first 5 terms of a series for the function ln sec x + tan x . For what value of x should the series converges. (b) Find the first 4 terms of a series for the function sec x tan x . For what value of x should the series converges. Find the Taylor series of the following functions at a = 0 . (a) 1 1+ x
2

2.

(b) ln(1 + x)

(c) e x

(d) e x

(e) sin x

(f) cos x

3.

If cos x is replaced by 1

x2 and x < 0.5 , what estimate can be made of the error? 2

4.

Estimate

x
0 1

e x dx with an error less than 0.005.

5.

Estimate e x dx with an error less than 0.001.

0

0.5

6.

Estimate

1+ x
0

dx with an error less than 1 10 7 .

Answers:

Q1

(a) ln sec x + tan x = x +

1 3 5 5 61 7 277 x + x + x + x 9 + ... 6 24 5040 8064 9

<x< 2 2

FE1007 Mathematics 2

(b) sec x tan x = x +

5 3 61 5 277 7 x + x + x + ... 6 120 1008

<x< 2 2

Q2

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

1 = 1 x + x 2 x 3 + ... 1+ x x2 x3 x4 ln(1 + x) = x + + ... 2 3 4 1 1 e x = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ... 2! 3! 2 1 1 e x = 1 + x 2 + x 4 + x 6 + ... 2! 3! 1 3 1 5 1 7 sin x = x x + x x + ... 3! 5! 7! 1 1 1 cos x = 1 x 2 + x 4 x 6 + ... 2! 4! 6!

Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6

0.0026 0.11755 1.99960 0.49395807

10

FE1007 Mathematics 2

Tutorial 5 Multiple Integrals

1.

Sketch the region of integration and evaluate the following integrals: 3 2 x 2 (a) (b) 0 0 0 (4 y )dydx 0 x(sin y )dydx (c)
1 y
2 y2

dxdy

(d) 14 0 x 3 / 2e y /

dydx

2.

Integrate f over the following regions: (a) f (u , v) = v u over the triangular region cut from the first quadrant of the uv-plane by the line u+v=1. (b) f (s, t ) = e s ln t over the region in the first quadrant of the st-plane that lies above the curve s = lnt from t=1 to t=2.

3.

Evaluate the following integrals by reversing the order of integration:

2 2 2 (a) 0 x 2 y sin( xy )dydx
8 2 (b) 0 3 x

dydx y4 +1

4.

Find the volume beneath the following surface z = f(x,y): (a) The volume of the solid cut from the first octant by the surface z = 4-x2-y. (b) The volume of the solid bounded on the front and back by the planes x=2 and x=1, on the sides by the cylinders y = 1/x, and above and below by the planes z = x+1 and z=0.

5. 6.

What region R in the xy-plane minimizes the value of R ( x 2 + y 2 9)dA ? Evaluate the following integrals by changing the Cartesian integrals into equivalent Polar integrals:
1 x 1 (a) 1 0 2

dydx
2 y2

1 1 y (b) 0 ( x 2 + y 2 )dxdy 0
x2 + y2

ln 2 (ln 2 ) (c) 0 0

dxdy

1 (d) 1

1 x 2 1 x 2

2 dydx (1 + x + y 2 ) 2
2

7. 8.

Find the area enclosed by one leaf of the rose r = 12 cos(3 ) . The region lies inside the cardioid r = 1 + cos and outside the circle r = 1 is the base of a solid right cylinder. The top of the sylinder lies in the plane z = x. Find the cylinders volume.

11

FE1007 Mathematics 2

9.

Evaluate the following triple integrals:

1 1 1 2 2 2 (a) 0 0 0 ( x + y + z )dzdydx 1 (b) 0 0 0 y sin zdxdydz

1 1 x 2 4 x 2 y (c) 0 xdzdydx 0 3

(d) 0 0 0 cos(u + v + w)dudvdw

10.

Find the average value of F ( x, y, z ) = xyz over the cube in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes x=2, y=2 and z=2.

Answers:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10

(a) (a) (a) (a)

16

(b)

2 /2+2
(ln17)/4 2(1+ln2)

(c)

5/6

(d)

7(e-1)

-1/10 (b) 4-sin4 (b) 128/15 (b)

R corresponds to x2 + y2<=9. (a) 12

4 / 3 + 5 / 8

/2

(b)

/8

(c)

(2 ln 2 1) (d)

(a) 1

(b)

3
2

(1 cos1) (c)

1/12

(d)

12