Ebsilon Basis ABB Indialearn About Power Plant Modeling Using EBSILON

Special Training
EBSILONProfessional for ABB
Bangalore 06.07-08.07.2013 Dr. Florian Dauber STEAG Energy Services Germany
EBSILON Success Story
<1991 Calculation kernel (Prof. Janicka) Graphical User Interface (DOS) 1996 Data validation 1997 1. Windows-Implementation 2000 Re-Design of User Interface EbsScript, Interfaces 2001 EPOS-Modules 2003 Boiler components 2005 Interface to SRx 2009 Solar Components EbsSolar 2012 Transient simulations
118 components (V.9)

6th 08th March 2013 Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional
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References EBSILONProfessional
- more than 150 industrial customers from more than 20 countries - more than 20 universities / research institutes - more than 45 Online-Systems in 28 power plants
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EBSILON Features
EBSILONProfessional is a tool for the simulation of all kinds of thermal power plants (fossile, nuclear, CSP, CHP, ORC, refrigeration)
User friendliness by intuitive handling (100 % Windows compliant) No programming skills required Graphical objects for components and pipes (component library) Complete observance of physical laws No restrictions regarding variety and size of the model Easy expandability of existing models
Design and part load calculation possible Extension by self-defined components (Macros) possible Large number of fluids considered (water/steam, air, fluegas, coals, oils, gases, refrigerants, seawater, mixtures, self-defined fluids) Fast diagnosis of topology- and specification errors Multilingual User Interface (German, English, French, Spanish, Turkish, Chinese) different Unit Systems (SI, BTU + other units)
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Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional
Overview of training objectives
Global objective: learn about power plant modeling using EBSILON Single steps: learn how to
- Build the geometry / topology of the power plant by drag and drop o Windows look and feel o Tools to put the necessary information into a nice form o Understand what happens behind the screen when you build the model - Make the model run free of errors/warnings o Learn about the error messages o Learn about typical pitfalls in modeling o Learn how to influence the model by the numerous parameters (specification values or spec. values) o Learn about design and part load calculation - Make the results fit operational data, water / steam cycle schemes or any other data set as good as necessary. - Learn about methods and tools for component identification
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Training methods
Learning by Doing For the next sessions this will be

- Installation of software if not already done or if difficulties encountered - Build simple power plant - Experience the model behavior by some simple parameter studies: Error analysis Design and part load calculation Try fixed pressure and sliding pressure operation - Experience the behavior of important components in case studies Turbine Condenser Preheater Heat exchanger - Experience the power of control components Calculate steam flow required for given power output Add combustion and simple flue gas path
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Basic Concepts EBSILON Calculation
What is the meaning of components and pipes in EBSILON?
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Seite 7
Variables: Equations:
Model
pl, hl, ml on all lines
(optional: ncvl, xi,l)
components define the relations fk (pl, hl, ml) between the lines
Non-linear set of equations Iterative Matrix Solution Result pl, hl, ml

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Variables: Equations:
Model
pl, hl, ml on all lines components define the relations fk (pl, hl, ml) between the lines depending on spec values
Spec Values Non-linear set of equations Iterative Matrix Solution
Component Results
Result pl, hl, ml

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What is the meaning of components and pipes in EBSILON?
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The most important components
Furnace
Cooling tower
Valve
Steam generator
Feed water tank
Splitter
Turbine
Compressor
Pipe loss
Condenser
Heat exchanger
Mixer
Generator
Motor + Pump
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Types of Pipelines
Types of pipe lines (Fluids)

Air Flue gas Oil Cooling water Gas Heating water Coal / Ash Steam Electrical Shaft Logical Ref.Val. Act.Val. High press.Steam Med. press.Steam Low press.Steam
Water (fluid)
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EBSILON-GUI
Menu bar
Tool bars
Modelling work space
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Component inlet / outlet
Specific inlet and outlet connections
Outlet: Black pin
Inlet: White pin
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Exercise 1
Create the topology of a simple power cycle
Components to be used: - Steam generator (5) - Steam turbine (6) - Generator (11) - Condenser (7) - Cooling water pump (8) - Feed water pump (8)
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Navigation in model
Zoom Level
Enlarge
Center on selection Enlarge modelling work space
Scale down Navigation with mouse Right click selection Contr. + Scroll Shift + Scroll Alt + Scroll
Scale on model
zoom on selection
zoom in / out horizontal movement vertical movement
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Specification of values on pipes
Comp. 1:
P, M, H, Composition (fluid entering circuit)
Comp. 33:
P, M, H, Composition (fluid in circuit)
Comp. 46:
single value input
or inside components
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Exercise 2
Please parametrise your circuit!
Live steam:
pressure: 200 bar temperature: 540 C Massflow: 120 kg/s
Condenser pressure: 40 mbar Cooling water temperature: 20C
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Exercise 3
Simulate your circuit: Simulate-Button
Analyze and eliminate errors! (Hint: Overdeterminations first) Analyze and eliminate warnings! (Hint: Comp. 80 solves uncritical overdeterminations) Scroll through errors
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Convergence
Ebsilon uses an iterative algorithm Basic parameters for iteration under Tools Model settings Simulation Iteration The simulation is terminated when the required degree of convergence (precision) is achieved or the maximum permissible number of iterations is reached or the maximum permissible calculation period is exceeded. Only if the required degree of convergence is achieved will the results meet the requirements.
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Results I
After the simulation youll find the results in the pipes and the components properties menu The units of single values can be changed here
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Results II, Value crosses
Value crosses can be connected to any component or pipe and display their spec.and result values on the modelling work space In order to create a value cross:
Click on the value-cross-button Click on a pipe or component and move the cursor to resize the value cross while keeping the left mouse button pushed The units are derived from the pipe or component
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Results III, Tool-Tips

Placing the cursor above an object makes a tool tip window pop up which shows certain spec. and result values You can customize the tool tips in the following menu Extras General options User interface Display Tool-Tips
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Decimal digits
Each value can be displayed with an specific amount of decimal digits Extras General options User interface Display Precision
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Units
Can be specified for each value within the component or pipe Can be globally specified:
Extras General options User interface Internation settings Unit system
From Component (standard): Unit is defined in component SI-/UK-Units: All objects use this unit system User defined: changes are globally but exceptions can be defined in component
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Exercise 4
Add value crosses for Live steam parameters Exhaust steam (steam quality in % instead of temperature) Turbine efficiency (in %) Generator power
Display all power values in MW
Display all pressures with one decimal digit
Display the live steam pressure in bar and the exhaust steam pressure in mbar
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Display Options
Various display options are available and allow to adjust the model user interface to all requirements. A couple of options: Select shapes User-defined display of components Flip/rotate components Show/hide objects Change primary color / insert a secondary color Undercut Arrows / circles Images Graphical objects
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Alternative Display of Components

Many objects are available in various shapes. Selection via properties window View Standard display can be replaced by images. All objects can be enlarged/reduced/rotated/flipped. Colors can be adjusted at will.
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Alternative Display of Components II

In the properties window: Rotate Flip Change shape Display image In the properties bar Change line width Change color
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Profiles
Every Ebsilon model can contain any number of profiles. Each profile has the same topology. Each profile can contain profile specific values (input and result values). enables calculations with various input values Input values are passed on from parent to child profiles (sub profiles). Inherited values are displayed in gray font. Reset to parent profile values with Ctrl+D.
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Profiles II
Navigation between profiles:
Profile bar Profile manager In each object properties window
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Design/Off-Design
Design mode (Full load)
Design equations are used These equations are based exclusively on black values (e.g. terminal temperature differences) Characteristic lines and adaptational polynomials are not used As a result of the design calculation, the blue partload reference values are calculated (e.g. KAN)
Design/Off-Design flag
Off-Design mode (Part load)

On the basis of physical equations By way of characteristic lines By way of user-defined polynomials Always based on the nominal values! (Blue values)
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Design/Off-Design II
Off-design calculation on the basis of physical equations, example: throttle valve (Component 2) In design: DP equals DP12RN (design case) Calculation of M1N and V1N in Design 2 In Off-Design:
M1 V1 DP12 = DP12N M1N V1N
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Design/Off-Design III
Off-design calculation on the basis of characteristic lines, example: pump (Component 8) In design: ETAI constantly equals ETAIN (design case) Calculation of M1N In off-design: ETAI calculated from characteristic line, normalized to design condition
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Design/Off-Design IV
The characteristic line is normalized (in relation to the design condition)
ETAI M1 = f ETAIN M 1N
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1.1
ETAI/ETAIN
ETAI [%]
79 77 75 73 80 100 120 140
1.05 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
M 1 [kg/s]
M 1/M 1N
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Design/Off-Design V
Off-design calculation on the basis of adaptational polynomial, example: turbine (Component 7). In design: ETAI equals ETAIN (design case) Calculation of M1N In off-design: the result of any desired mathematical formula is used to determine the efficiency. The exact use of the adaptational polynomial can be selected, e.g. ETAI=Polynomial*ETAIN The following input variables can be used in the polynomial: All line values at all pins, e.g. T1, P2, Q2, H4 Any imaginable values via indexed variables using comp. value indicator 45
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Exercise 5
Please carry out the following calculations, each in a profile of its own. A 100% design calculation A 100% off-design calculation An 80% off-design calculation An 80% design calculation
What is the difference between the last two calculations?
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Control Elements
In addition to the physical components (pumps, turbines, heat exchangers), Ebsilon also uses numerous logic elements. The most important ones are: Controllers (Components 12, 39, and 69) Signal transmitter (Component 36) Calculation modules (Component 77) Value indicators (Component 45)
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Controllers
A controller changes a specification value in order to achieve a certain result value.
Actual value is compared to a reference value. actuating variable is adjusted.
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Signal Transmitter
The signal transmitter transmits a line value from one line to another. In doing so, it can also adjust the input variable and the output variable by means of characteristic lines, factors, or polynomials.
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Calculator
The calculator (Component 66) carries out any mathematical operation. It can directly capture values from up to two lines and use any values available in the model via index variables. (see adaptational polynomial)
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Cycle Efficiency Meter

The cycle efficiency meter (Component 32) carries out an useful power/ expenditure-calculation and displays the result. The two values are captured via logic lines.
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Value indicator
The value indicator (Component 45) reads values from a line and makes them available as indexed variable for all adaptation polynomials. Please note: Do not confuse with Component 46 (measured value input)
Component 45 Component 46 (in validation mode)
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Logic Lines
Logic lines can be connected to all types of lines in order to capture or to set values. However, they cannot be connected to pins of other line types!
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Exercise 6
Please add a controller to the model in order to adjust the generator output to 200 MW. Use the controller with internal start value specification (Component 39). Generate three sub-profiles for the three setpoint values of the generator outputs 150, 120, and 90 MW. Change a couple of specification values of the controller (damping, start of the controller) and monitor the convergence diagram.
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Exercise 7
Please calculate the cycle efficiency (gross). Please use the cycle efficiency meter (Component 32) to do so.
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Exercise 8
Now please also calculate the net cycle efficiency. To do so, please insert electric motors for the pumps and subtract the pump output from the generator output. Please use the power summarizer (Component 31) and the difference meter (Component 30) for this.
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Text Fields
Text fields can be used to display texts in the model user interface. Text fields can use all object values from the model and set them off against each other. Formulae to be evaluated have to be in { } All object values can be accessed via the component name and the value indicator, e.g. Water.T for the temperature of the line Water. Object values are always displayed in the Ebsilon standard unit and thus may have to be converted manually. The formula output can be formatted by specifying a format string. ;%x.yf x-digits total; y-decimal digits; f- for floating point
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Exercise 9
Please display gross and net efficiency in a text field.
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Exercise 10
Please conduct parameter studies in three sub-profiles in offdesign conditions. Please monitor how the efficiency changes. Cooling water temperatures: T = 15, 25, 30 C
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Hiding
Objects can be hidden in order to increase the clarity of the display. For components, you uncheck Component is visible in the View window. For lines, you change the value Visibility to Display nothing in the window General. If you have selected several objects at the same time, you can uncheck the option Object is visible in the multi-selection-properties window. By clicking on the Display everything-button, hidden objects will be displayed again, too.
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Selection Filter
You can filter which objects you can select. If you do not select all, you can comfortably select individual groups of objects at the same time.
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Exercise 11
Please hide all logic lines. Please hide the controller, too. Please color the steam line light blue instead of red.
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Alternative Display of Lines

The clarity of the model can be increased by changing the display of the lines. Changing the color Introducing a secondary color Changing the thickness Adjusting the arrangement of the lines Hiding individual line segments Displaying arrows Displaying circles
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Alternative Display of Lines II

The arrangement of the lines can be adjusted at will: After selecting a line, all points can be dragged holding down the left mouse key. After right-clicking on a line, the following options are available in the context menu: Via the properties bar, the line thickness and line color can be changed.
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Exercise 12
Please give the cooling water pipe a secondary color. Use the circle on pipe and the toggle function to make an intermediate peace of the pipe disappear.
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Exercise 13
Please insert a furnace including air pre-heater. To do so, please use the combustion chamber (Component 21) and the air pre-heater (Component 25). Please adjust the fuel mass flow in such a way that the effective output of the boiler (water-steam side) is achieved. Please use the controller with external setpoint value (Component 12) for this. Subsequently, please calculate the unit efficiency. Choose any fuel at will. T flue gas behind boiler: 350 C Lambda: 1.25 Air pre-heater, upper terminal temperature difference 60K Air temperature 20 C Humidity of the air: 60%
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Component Identification
Identification means the determination of characteristic quantities that describe the component behavior, based on measured values / design specifications. In the design case, these quantities have to be specified directly (e.g. ETAIN). For the identification, the components are switched over in order to calculate characteristic quantities from corresponding input values.
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Component Identification II, Nominal Values

Design / Off design Identification mode
The result of the design identification has to be copied as nominal value manually.
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Component Identification III Off-Design Identification

The off-design behaviour is mostly determined by characteristic lines that have the form Y/YN=f(X/XN). E.g. ETAI/ETAIN=f(M1/M1N) During identification, the points XN and YN are determined in the design point. For determining the characteristic line, an identification calculation is carried out in sub-profiles for various load points. The component characteristic relative to the nominal values is available as result value
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Component Identification IV Off-Design Identification

ETAI/ETAIN=f(M1/M1N)
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Value Table
All values (specification values and result values) from all profiles can be viewed and changed from the value table.
All components/lines of a type/ All values/ One profile All components/lines of a type/ One value/ All profiles One component/one line/ All values/ All profiles
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Exercise 14
Please carry out an identification of the turbine. Please determine both the design values and a characteristic line in order to define the off-design behavior.
To do so, please use the following values.
Live steam mass flow kg/s 132 120 108 96 84 72 60
Generator output MW 171.6 158.3 141.9 124.5 107.0 89.7 71.9
Condenser pressure mbar 42.4 40.1 38.2 36.4 34.6 32.9 31.3
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Excel Export/Import
Standard Excel export : Predefined layout. Is used for writing specification values of components (selection of components via flag list or entry in the component) into the Workbook. It is also possible to import values from the Workbook into other components. 1 sheet per component Component selection per component or according to type
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Exercise 15
Please use the standard Excel interface to change the characteristic lines of the turbine. (A hint: Please give your components meaningful, i.e. self explaining names when using EbsScript or Excel Import.)
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Excel Export/Import
User Excel Import : user-defined layout. It is used to e.g. import profiledependent values into different profiles. Excel file required as Template, allocation via names of lines and columns Type A: Selected values in different profiles Type B: Overview of components of one type Formatting line: Definition of the display via first line
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Excel Export/Import Type A
Name definition of lines and columns required Insert Names Define Columns contain profile information (P_Profile name) In addition, a column X_UNIT has to be defined, into which the units of the different quantities will be entered automatically later. Lines contain the information to be imported and read out, respectively (S_Component name.Variable, e.g. S_Water line.T)
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Excel Export/Import Type B
Contains information of the current profile for component groups of the same component type or beginning of the name Name definition of lines and columns required Insert Names Define Line definition as C_Component type (number) or beginning of the name or D_n for all lines of a line type (n: 1=air, 2=flue gas, etc.) The components are written one below the other, line by line. The output values can be specified in the columns Component name: N_NAME Specification value: V_T1N Unit of the specification value: U_T1N Adjacent line: L_2.V_T / L_2.U_T (Temperature at line 2 and unit)
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Excel Export/Import Formatting Line

Information on any data for all profiles No name definition of lines and columns required Is defined via the first line Component name.Variable The name is sufficient for the measured value, the result value is output. Units can deviate from the units in the model.
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Exercise 16
Please generate the following topology. Carry out a simulation in design mode and part load simulation for live steam mass flows of 200, 180, 160, 140, 120 kg/s in subprofiles
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Exercise 17a
Please import the temperature values at the extraction A1 into various profiles using Excel (To do so, use the template of type A EbsIdentInputData.xls) in order to identify the turbines characteristic. Hint: pay attention to the profiles names Notice that it is necessary to set the turbine stage to identification mode (H2 given). Copy the identified characteristic into design profile and perform an off design calculation using it.
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EbsScript
Purpose: Automatization of Ebsilon calculations within Ebsilon No modifications to the topology Read and write access to all data of the model Based on PASCAL language with a lot of extensions EbsScript editor EbsScript debugger 6 levels where EbsScript can be used
Main EbsScripts (e.g., parameter variation) Macro EbsScripts (operations before and after the simulation) Kernel Scripting (own components, within the simulation) Kernel Expression (evaluated within the simulation) Text fields Specification value expressions (evaluated before the simulation)
(The last two topics can use EbsScript even without an EbsScript license)
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Exercise EbsScript
Write an EbsScript that asks the user to insert a fresh steam mass flow and calculates the corresponding power Assign this EbsScript to a button
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Exercise 17b
Adapt the HP and the last stage of the LP turbine to match the following data, use the Excel formatting line to import the data into the circuit:
M life steam [kg/s] 200 180 160 140 120 T HP Turbine Outlet [ C] 320 322 324 326 328 Generator power [MW] 268 240 210 180 150
Export the characteristics to Excel and copy them into the turbines in design profile. Create an off design profile and perform some calculations.
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Display in Diagrams
Diagram types in Ebsilon

H,s-diagrams T,s-diagrams log p,H-diagrams Q,T-diagrams Cooling tower diagram General X,Y-diagram (via Excel)
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T-s - Diagram
liquid
Super critical point vapor
Saturated region
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h-s-Diagram (Mollier-Diagram)
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Log(p) - h - Diagram
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Exercise 18a
XY-diagram (Tools Diagrams): Please create an X/Y-diagram that represents the generator output, and the condensor pressure as a function of the feed water mass flow use the data of all profiles.
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Exercise 19
Please generate an h-s-diagram of the turbine expansion. Please change the nominal isentropic efficiency of the last stage of the low-pressure turbine to 70% in a new design sub profile and show its expansion in the h-s-diagram. Please create a Q-T-diagram of the high pressure pre-heater configuration.
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Fluid properties calculator
Contains equations of state of various fluid properties of all working fluids available in EBSILON: water / steam tables, air / flue gas table, thermo liquids etc. The fluid parameters can be read directly from pipe or can be entered manually
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Ebsilon Basis ABB Indialearn About Power Plant Modeling Using EBSILON

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Special Training

EBSILONProfessional for ABB

Bangalore 06.07-08.07.2013 Dr. Florian Dauber STEAG Energy Services Germany

EBSILON Success Story

118 components (V.9)

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Overview of training objectives

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Learning by Doing For the next sessions this will be

Basic Concepts EBSILON Calculation

What is the meaning of components and pipes in EBSILON?

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Basic Concepts EBSILON Calculation

pl, hl, ml on all lines

(optional: ncvl, xi,l)

Non-linear set of equations Iterative Matrix Solution Result pl, hl, ml

Basic Concepts EBSILON Calculation

Result pl, hl, ml

Basic Concepts EBSILON Calculation

What is the meaning of components and pipes in EBSILON?

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

The most important components

Feed water tank

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Types of pipe lines (Fluids)

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Modelling work space

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Component inlet / outlet

Specific inlet and outlet connections

Outlet: Black pin

Inlet: White pin

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Create the topology of a simple power cycle

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Center on selection Enlarge modelling work space

zoom in / out horizontal movement vertical movement

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Specification of values on pipes

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Condenser pressure: 40 mbar Cooling water temperature: 20C

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional

Results II, Value crosses

6th 08th March 2013

Training Seminar EbsilonProfessional