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Decit <| |<|, <|-=< <||< <<| -< :<, <| :<- || < <|
-<|<|| << :<| | < = || <| < :<, < <| |-|< <
|< <|<<| <| <<: |<|` <| |< << :<|` =<| , < | < |<<|
<|-|< :<| | | < << < |, |, |<, <|, <|, <|, |,
:'||, < =< < ||< <|<<|< :< :<| |<, <|-|< <|<`
<| :<| <| <| || | |``
< || || -| :<, | :< <| <|< <+ <|< <<`
<||< |<<| << = | < <<| <|< :<, ||<| || |<
|<T| -||< |<| <| <| <| |<|< (fraud on the Election
Commission) < |<| =<, = |<T| <+ <|< <<
|<| <| ||<| ||`< |<T< |<<<| = |<<|<| : <|
<| <| |<`-- |< <||<< = << << '-<|' | = |<|<-|<<
<<<|
'|||< :o- =< o | =< <| |<<||` |<< <<
=| :<, = |<<|| =<| |<| |<<| (temporary statue), <| || =<|
< < <<<|' | |, <| <||< < ||<< ' < || |<T
:<| - <<| ||<< '| < ||< < `<<< <|<| |< <
| < <| || |<|<<|<| < << (ratified) << |<| <|
||< |<<| <|| -<| <| < ||< < <<< (---:--o) <|<|
| | -c-:--: ||<< < = < |||<< (natural death)
< ||< < `<<< <|<| | || -<|< < = < < :<| |
110
: =< <|< |<| <| << ||<| ||`< ||< ' | |<
|<' -o----:-=< ||'-: (|<| <|< << -||< <|-:), --
::--:--=< ||'-- (|<| <|< << -||< <|---) |
| <|- <| || =< = ||' - | << |<| <| |< |
=|<|< =< || | << <|< = ||'< <|< ||<| | |<|
<| ' ||< < <|+< :< < - <<| (|<| <|< <<
-||< <|-:o -c) |< :<| ' || : <||< --:---:- ||<
||<| || << ||< <| |<< '| |<| <| << '-
(|<| <|< << -||< <|--:) =|<|< <|- |
< ||< < `<<< <|<| | || -<|< < ||<| ||`<
|<T | < <|< :<-| | <|- =< < <|< <+ (vitiated)
-< |<| <|< =<| ||<<||< ||< = <<< :<-| | <|-
<|<-:< | :<| <|< |
|< <||< (|< | |< <|<| | :| << :<, '|||< -=<
o |-= < |` :< |<<|| | | < (directory); <|<| <
(mandatory) < |< <||<< = << | '-<|' <
< =<| |< <|<<||<|< :<| || <<| |< : | |<|
|-< |<<| -< (temporary statute) <<| < :<| <|+ <<| |
- | :<|| | <|<|< |<</| -< $ (ceases to
have operation on the expiry of the period fixed by the legislation)= :
< || || -| :<, |<| < || '-|/| <|< <| =
| :<| < < -< - <|| -<|< < |< <|<|/|<|<|<| <
<|< |` - < <|<, <| :-| << < (saving clause) |<<| | | <
| | |
Trust Mai Lachhmi Sialkot Bradari Vs. Amritsar Improvement Trust, AIR
1963(SC), Page 976 ||< |+| -< :<,
''As because S.24 of the General Clauses Act is not applicable
in case of temporary statute, any notification, appointment,
order, scheme, rule, or by-law made or issued under a
temporary statute comes to an end with the expiry of the
111
statute and will not be continued even if the expired
temporary statute is re-enacted.''
||<< |<| |<< || :|< |< |- | |< ||
Interpretation of Statutes and Documents ' |<|< | :<| < |<|r ||<
|< + << < << :<,
In the absence of any such saving provision displacing
the normal rule, once the temporary statute expires, no
right can be claimed nor any liability can be imposed
under that statute and the position is as if the temporary
statute had not been passed at all. (|--)
S. Krishnan Vs. State of Madras, reported in AIR 1951 (SC), page 301,
||< |+| -< :<,
The general rule in regard to a temporary statute is
that, in the absence of special provision to the contrary,
proceedings which are being taken against a person
under it will ipso facto terminate as soon as the statute
expires.''
<| |< - |<<|< |< |<| | :<, ||<| ||`< |<T
| < <|< < ||< < `<<< (< ||< < `<<
| -<| ---:--o) <|<| | || -<|< | -c-:--:
||<< < |<| <| |<<|<| |<|< |<|< ' :<| || : =< = ||<<
< = | < <|< :<-| =< | <|- <+ <<, |<| <| <
||< < `<<< <|<| | || -<|< < '|||< -=<
o= (=)-=< |<<| <|<| ||<< ' < || ||<| ||< |<T|
<||< <|< '- | << ||<<||< ' ||< | |<< < ||<
|<<| << : <| =<| ||<<||< ||< <| <| < =<
||<|< |<<<| | -< ||<<||< | |< < | ||< | |<< |<
|< |
|< < | <, |<|< | =| |<| :<, '|||< -=<
o|-=< <| |<<| ratified constitution`` ||< <| <<|
-<| < || || -| :<, | <| <|<< |<|< |<
112
<< -< (the words be given their ordinary meaning)`` < = ||
||< |< <| ratify` =< amendment `|< |<|< |< |< |
||< :| <<<|
<|| =<|| - <|| English-Bangali |<| <|<| ratify` <
-|
|< |< (| ||) (|< | <<|: <<|`
|< amendment` < -| r||<: |<
Concise Oxford Dictionary <|<| ratify` < -| give formal consent
to; make officially valid
=<
amendment` < -| a minor improvement
The Chambers Dictionary <|<| ratify` < -|
To approve a sanction; to give validity on legality to; to confirm the
correctness of ratifier
=<
amendmant` < -|
Improvement; an alteration or addition to a document, agreement etc.
Ratify =< amendment |< ||<||< |< < =| :<
|< < :||< |< |<|
|<| <|< -||< <|-:,----: =< :- |<|| <
-||- <|||< |<| :<, |<| <| =< :- |<||' ' <
|< |<<<`` <<< < || | | <<: |< '|||< -=<
o |- <| < :<|| |< | <|< :<| <||< <
' |<, |<| <| <|< ||' |< |< ||<<` <| <|
||<` |<| |< :<| | =|<|< | <<| -<| |<| <|< <|< -
|<| :<, = ||| ||<| ||`< '| <<< < << <| |<<
<|' | <|- :< <|- <| <|- :<: <| :<-| = <<< <|<
< |<|< <| -< |< |<|< <| < | |<| (fraud on the statute)` =
113
< =<| -|| || <<| :< |< :< <| | < <<| <|< |, |
<|| < <<| <| < |`
=| <| =<| |<<< < |< <<| <| :- |<|| -
|<|| ' << ||< |||- - =| |<|< :<, :< ||<< '<
|| |< |<T| | <<| -<| : ' < |<|r <|<| <| |<<| |
|<<|< | ||<< <|, = ||<< '| <| ||<| ||`< <| ||
|<|<<|<| < << |<||< << < (ratified) <<| -| |- =
|<T< :<| ' `<<| | -| | <|<, << :<| |< < << | <<
-< <|< | |<<| <|< |
<| ||<< || |< || | :<, |< <||<< <<
||<|< |<T< |<<<| |<| <| = |<<|<| =< : <|< <|
|< =< ||<<|'` = <<< :<| |<<| <| <<| (merit) =< || |<
<|< :< |<- | <<, | ||< : <| < =<,
||<< |<<|< <| <|< =< |<<|' (liable to be absolute)
||<|< | |<<< |< | <|< |< |<| |< -| <| =<
<< - |<<| <<| << || <| |<| :|<|| |< |< <<
:<, ||<| ||< ||< '| |<T<|| < |<| |<<|< :<|
< | ||<< | | =< : <|< <| -< |<T | <<| =< =
|<T | << <| < <| |<<| <<|
|< <|< <| <<- |< |<| << :<|, |< = <<-
<| << ||< -||< <|<, -||< << <|< =< < |||<
|<<|<| <<
<| << -|| -<|< || <<< |<<| |< |< :<| << <| <|
|< :<| <|' |<| : <<| - || : =|$< |< <| << (
|< =- |<| | | <| |< <|< :||< << '- <<, <| <|<
-|| < <<< |<<|, | - |< = |+| -< :<, <|
| || -|| |< |<| <<|< << |<: < <|
<|< -|| < << | '- << =< <| '- <<| ', | -
114
|< < -< :<, |< <| |< :|<|< | | <|<< | <<
| | <<
|< <| |< << |<T<|| < |<| |<<|< |<|< ||<
-=< | |< | << << |< << :<, ||<| ||< ||<
' |<<|< |<|< | '| |
:o- | |<<|< |<|< ||< | | |<
<| |<|< <|<| :<, :< < -| |< <|< '<
||< | '| |<|' <|< -||'< ||' <|< +
<|<<||- ||<|<|, |, ' <|<|< : <
= |<<|< || -<:``
:oc | ||< < <<T : |<< <-|< -|< < ||<< <| <
|<< << |< <<| -<:
<| |<|< <|<| :<, :< < -| |< <|< '<
||< |<||< <+ |<|' <|< -||'< ||' <|<
+ <|<<|| <|| |-< < | |<|, ||<|<|,
' =< | | |< |||< |<|<< : <
= |<<|< || -<:``
=| <<| <| :<, ||<< <| < |<|< = |<| -
|<<|< |<|r |<, <| |<< <<| |<<|< <| c |<|< |<|
|<<| |r<| <<| -<
|< -|| | :<|< -|<| |<|' Bangladesh Italian Marble Works
Limited Vs. Government of Bangladesh and others ||< The Constitution
(Fifth Amendment) Act,1979 (Act 1 of 1979) < <-| <|| :|<| <<
< = <|< |< |<<| <| (actions)-< || (condoned) <<| -<
<|< |<<|< |<|< ||< < :< |< ||<< <| < =<
<<| c |<|< |< |r<| <<| -<| | || (condoned) <<| -<|
||<< <| < |<<|< :< < |<, |<<| |<< <<| -<| |<
=|<|< <|- (without jurisdiction) =< < | < =< | ||`
(non-est in the eye of law) |<| <<| -<
115
-|<|< <|< | |<|' << <-| <|| -< (<|< :<|< :-|,
:|<| |<=|, ||/| -| <|<< ' <| <|| ||<| |< <|< |,
|<| ')
| |<|' |<<|< |<|< ||< < |< || (condoned)
<<| | |<| :<, |< <| | |<|' ||< =<| < =<
|<| | <|<< |<<< < | :< |< <| :< |< <<|``
| | << |< ' :<| || : =< '-|< < <|
| << :< |<<<|< =|<|< <|-` =< < | < =< | | |`
(non-est in the eye of law) |-< :|<| <<| -< |< < || << <| <|<
| <<| -< |< <|| :<-|, | <|- | -| < =< =< :<|
<|<<||<| '|< |< |< |
:- |<|| < |< |<| |< < <||< - |<|| <
|< |<| |< -| <| |< =< < <<| << | | << :<,
:<- |<<| <|< |` |r<| :- ||<| ||`< '< |<
|< |<<|< | -<
||<| ||`< ||< ' < |<<< |<| <|< << | |<
|| <<| =< =< < <|< <|< -|| < <|< << <|<
< ||<|< |<<| |r<| <| <<` |<<<| || <<| :< |<
|<|< |< |<<|< |'-= -<` <| << | < <| <
|` <<| -< -<-| | |<
| < <|< |, < | < | || | <<|
<| <`
117
= <|< |<|<| =. =. <-| |<<|< |<|< |<<|< <<|<|` (pole
star) |-< << < << :<, |<<| < |<| << | |<<| < < <<
=| =<| <| |<<| (entrenched provision) =< =| |< < | =<<| <
< : -: |. =. < (= |), |---, - -o:
<|< <| |+| :<| -< :<, |<<| < :< :<| |< |<<| < |<|<
|< |<< <| <|| << - < -: |. =. < (= |), |---, -- =<
|---, -o:
= ||< <|< - |<|< |< |<<| < :-=< |<|, <|<
|< : < |<|r | -| <| < :(<)| |<| :< || <<| - <|, |<<| <
|<|< || < | <` | - |<<|'` (irreconcilability)
-<|< |<|| <|| <<| - <| (-:, | = < (= |) |---, c-)
=|-||< c |<| | ||< <|< |<|<| =. |<. = |<< -< <
<< :<, ||<< <| < |<<| < <| (basic feature) |<< < :| :<-
|, <|<<< < | < =< | (non-est) | | ||<< <| <
< |< <|| < =<| <|< <| (theoeratic State) <|< <<| - <, <| <<
|<<|< (basic) :||< (fundamental) <| < |<< <<|, << |<||
'|< <| =<| |<|< (dominate cause)-=< | |<||<|`` |< = |
(|<< |) -:, |---
|r| | <| <|| ||< (<| <| |<| | || |-<
|<|) |<|<| =. :<. |-| |< |<<|< |<| < | < << :<,
|< < | |<<|< |<| - | < |<<|< |<| <| <|: :<| =
|<|< ' |<<| < , - || =< |<|r ||<|< `<| <| |< -
( qualitive aspects of the constitution) <| - < , | <
|| < | < << :<, <|| < |<|| :<| |||<< |<|<
-<|: ' < =|-||< '|< |< | | - < |<|< << <| <|| <
'`: <| |<<|< |<| =< =< |<| < (role) |<|<<+ :<| < |<|<
< || | (relegate) <|< | |<<| < |<| < << -< =< | |<< <<|
118
<| < | (must be preserved and can not be altered.) {:- |.=. <. (=|), |-
-, -::-:-:--
=| <<| < ||< -< :<, c |<| | ||< -|<| |<|'
||<< <| < |<| |<<|< - =< :--=< |<<| - | | <<
|<| ||< | |<<| -< | | |<|' ||< : |<| |<< <<
|<<|< = -< |< || | <<| | -|<| |<|'< <|<` :<|<
- <<| | c |<| |<<|< - =< :--=< |< :<-
|, =|<|< <|- < | =< :<| | | | (non-est)
:o--=< |<<|< - =< :- | |<
-- (||-)
(:) ||<|<|, |, ' <|<|-= ||- =< -
= ||- - = |' <| < || <||<||<
|| <|<| |<| -<
(-) = |' <| ||- <||-|<||< -<,
<<| <| |-| <|' <|<<, = |<<| <||< |
< <|||< : |-| | < -< =< |-| <| |'|<<<
<|<< || -<, < = < || |< |< <<<|' -< |
-:- (<|<| <|< |<||)
< |<|< || <|<|<<
(<) < <|< |||<<|,
() <| << :<| < < <||< <|||,
(') <||< < < <<-|<,
() :<| |<< <|<|<| <|< | `<< <| |-|< < ||$ |<|
<<| -<
c |<| | <|< <|<| |<<|< = `| <||< |
- :-` :o- |< |<<| :<< <|< | | |<<| :< <
|<| -<| < |<<| -< =< `| < |<| -< < ' -< |
=< |<< = `| |<<|' <
| |<|'< <|< -< |< |<<|< |<|< ||
< |<|< ||` =< |<<|< - =< :--=< | <| <| |<<|<
119
-<` |<<| |<< <|< |- |<| <| :< |< |<<|< = ,
<| ( |<| ) =< <<| ( |<| ) <| :-|< | :<, :<|
<| < <` |<<| |r<| <<| -< | |<<|< |<|< | -| =< -
|<<|' =<|< = |<<|| |<<|< ||< |' | <||<||< ||-
| - :--=< | |
|< | < < |< <| <<` |<<<| |<| <<|< =<|
<|' | | |< << <|-=< |< <| | <<` -| |-
:<<| (|<| << |) < |<| |< < | << |<| :< <| ||<|-c <
-= -| |- | :|<| <<
| :||< << (|||<< |< |<<|<) |< <|<| =<
:||< < |< <| ('-) <|<| =< :||<
|< =<| () < <|<| || <|<|``
=< |< <| =<| < < <| < <<` =<| <|< '|< < <+ << <|<
<| <<| -<
|-| =< = `<< <<| <| |< -| < |<< |<|
- -| |- <| <| (c) <| -, <| <<| (-c) <| co, <|
(:) <| , <| <|-<| (:) <| oo, <| <<| (--) <| ::, <| |-
(::) <| --, <| <|| (:) <| -:-- - |< < < <|-=< |<|r |
= |<<< |< <<| -< -| |- | |<< | |<| | <<:
|< |<| <| | << |< |< |< <| -| |-< <| <|< :<|
<|<||-| :: |< |<< |< <| <|<||- << -<
= |<<< |< << <| <| -<
......... =< :||< < <|< :||<< < `<|< |
-<`` (<| |--:: <| o)
=<
<|<| |< ||<< <| T|< |< | |<|< |<,
|< | ||$< | | |< << <|<||-< ||< :||< <, <
:||< :<|| << <|<||-< ||< |< < :< | |< ||$< :<,
| | ||<|< || -<`` (<| -: <| c-)
=<
120
<| -=< << | (<| :o) |- <
<-'|<' |-'|<< <| ||<|< :<|| <|< |<| <,
< :<| |< << <| << <| |<<| - |<``
=<
| <, |< |< :||< <|<||- << -< | <
:|<| <| << : < |< <|<||- << -< | | < |<
|<< =< | <<<, < |< < |<|< |<|<
<<< =< || -||<|<<, |<`` (<| |<|-- <| -c--:)
-| |- |< <<-= <| << :<, || | (|<) :< |< <|<
| << <| <||<<| (c:) <| c:
<| <|<|<|--=(<| :) -| |-< <|| - < | |< :||<
:<|| :<| :: |< <| :, :< |-, |<<|, ||<|, < |<|<, =<
<|'< | *| =: =< |-< |<||< |<, |, |<, < <||
|<<< =< :'||< || (| | :|) < | <<: =< ||< <|<
< <|<| |< <<: =< <|<| <|| <<|< < :|< :| << | =< , <
< +< < `<< <|< << = < :|< ||, <|| =< =<| <-'|<``
-| |-< <| <||- - =| |<|< :<, || | << |< |
< || <|<, <|<| |<, :<|| - |, <| |< ||, =<
|< | |<< | -<` |<< |< <|< ||, :<||, -,
<|<| :<|| ||< < :<--:|< |<< <|< || |-< :< |<|< -|
|- << |<|<| -< <|< <| <| :: |<|< : <| :<- <|< |,
:|< <|< |: <|< | < <| <| |<<| <<|< <| <| :<| |< <| <| |<
:< |<|<< | <|< :<| |'|<< <| |< |<| <|< :<- :<|< -|
|- |< ||< <<|< | <| |, : | =<| <| < < <| -||<
<||- (|)
< <|< , <| << |< -||<< |<||<< <| ||< -< |< <|<
-| < |'|<<< -||<< <| |<: <|< <<| :<| |<| <| <<|< |<
: <|< ||< -| < |'|<<< <|< |<<|<- < :||< |<<|< - ||
<<| | | < | < < < | << | <|' |<|| | <<| <|< ||<
121
<< | <| <<| <: << |<, |'|, |'|| - < << ||<< ||<<
|<|| || <<| <| :<- < | << |<|, |- <|< | |< :<| ||
< < <| :
<||< ' |< | || |< |+ << :<, |< |< |< <
|< < <| | |-< <<-|< << | <<-|< << <||| ||< <|| |<|<
|<<|< ||< '|, c--=< |<|, :--=< | |< ||< <|<|< ||<
|, ::-=< < | |<| |< | <|||< |<|<|< |<|< |, :o-
=< |-|< -<|' |, <|||`< ||-, |-<|| |<<| =< <||<
<||| ||<|<|< || =<| '||<, |||<< <|| <| ||< <|
-| |<|| '| |<+-:< <|<|' <<|< :| <<| -<| < : || :<
|<<|< |<|< ||< , <|| < ' < |<|< < <<
<| |<|< <|<| :<, :< < -| |< <|< '<
||< | '| |<|' <|< -||'< ||' <|< +
<|<<||- ||<|<|, |, ' <|<|< : <
= |<<|< || -<:``
=< |<|< <|| < ' (|< :|<| < <
................, : <||< '< ||<< |<| < =
|<<|< |<| r <|| =< -|< <, |<|| |<<|
|< |< <<``
<| = ||<<||< |< |<|<<< <+ :<,
<|| < |<<| < <, |<|| |<<| <|<<``
<< |<| <| < <|| <|< < <:< :< :<| |+| '-< :
< |<<|< |<| :< <| |<<|< | -<, | | |<|<-|<<| <
|||| |<<, < << < <| -< :<, | :<|< | |<|' <<
:||< =< |+| < < < < <|<<< =< < < | :<|-:<
-|<| | <|< =|< |< |<<| |< |<<| << :
|<<|< |<| =< |<<|< ||< |' <| <| |<||< ||-< < |
|<|, < |<<|< | -<
<| |<| | ||< <| |<|<| =.|<.=. |<< -< | <
<< :<
122
||< :< :<| |<| <|< ||< |<|< <|
basic structure =< |- ||<< :<| |< ||<
<|< | < |`` :- | = < (=|) | -, -o:
|| = ||< <| <| << :<,
', |, ||<|<| <|< | || || -
|<<|< |- ||<< |<|| = | |<<| < <| <
| << | |-| < <| << -| ||<<||< <
< =| < |<| | <|-`` :- |.=. <. (=|)
|c -oo
= <|<< |< <| |<|<| =, |<, =, |<< -< <| << :<,
(-) |<<|< :-- < <| ||< |<<| < :< :<|
|< <|< || |< <| < || |<<| < Basic
structure r <| < <| |< <|< | < |`` (| , -
::--)
<| ||< :| |< -| | :<, |< <||< |< <|
|<<| <| < |` |<|< <|< ||<| ||-< |<T| |'
-< =< < :< <| | << | '-<|' | <|<|< (mis
conceived)
|< <||< <| <<|<|'< <| <| ||< ' |<<|< (locus
standi) : << |< << :<, <|<|<|' =< -|<r
|< = <| :|<|| |<< <<: =< <| ||<<|' <|<|<|'< <| <||
||< ' |<<|<< |<<<| |<|<| <|| :<|- -< |<||< || <<
| |< |< :<|' << < | :<, | < | | < <<| :<, :<|`
|`< < |< |<T| -|| <<| -< |< | |`< |<<<|
|| - :< |<<<| |< < |< =|-| <-| -< $: |<| |<
| <| |<|`< |<<<| | <| << :<| <| <| < |< <` :<|
|< << |- | |< | < - << |< <|<, |` <|
|<|` < <|<< <+ <|< << <<
<| |<| | ||< ( |r| | <| <||) `<||<<
|< <| (judicial review) |<<< || |<< << |'< <| |<|<|
123
=.|<.=. |<< -< | ||| <| ||< ||< <<|<`, <| <| |<|-<-<-|`
=< |T -|<| <|< =||< <| :|< ||<|` :|<|- - |<<
|<|r :< |< - |<<|< |< < <<
, + <| <| |-|< <| |< < | <<| ?<
| -< < || |<|< < |< || |-| <|'
<<| |<|< << ||< << |-| <|< <|<| <| :<| < <<|<
|| -< < |-| =$|<| | <|<| < < : T
<||<<-| << < | |< <<| <||< = +| <<|
|<|< | :<| < <|<<| | < <<| =|< =<| :|<|<
=<| |< |< -<|< < | |-|< `<<| |< <| < <``
(:- |,=,<, | --, c)
|| <| < << :< = | < < |<|<<+
|<|-| << :< :< <| |<<|< |- | -<
<| <| | :<| -|< judicial review =< |<
<|| <| ultra vires :|<| <|< | < judicial review =< |
<<| |< < | :<| < |< <|| < | :<| |<|
<|-<| `` (:- |, =, <, |--c, ::c)
=<
<|< |< <|< |<|-| |<|' < -< | |<|r |+| -< |<
|-|< |< < <|<<|< ||< |<|< |<| '< : ||< <<
|<<| | <| | ||'<| < |<|< |<| '< < <|<<| :<|
|<|<< |-|< < | < ||< <| << | <|< < -
|| |<<| <|<<`` (:- |,=,<, |---
-c:)
| ||| <| ' ||<, |,=,| :o- (=,|):o |<||< (|-:o)
||<|< <| |<|<| -|< <-| < << :<,
""This provision, as very appropriately pointed out by
Mr. Brohi, strikes at the very root of the judicial power of
the Court to hear and determine a matter, even though
it may relate to its own jurisdiction. The Courts
undoubtedly have the power to hear and determine any
matter or controversy which is brought before them,
even if it be to decide whether they have the jurisdiction
124
to determine such a matter or not. The superior Courts
are, as is now well settled, the J udges of their own
jurisdiction. This is a right which has consistently been
claimed by this and other Courts of superior jurisdiction
in all civilized countries.''
<| |<|<| -|< <-| <| <| |<|-<-<-| |,=,| :o (=,|) |-o
|<|< | :<|< =|<|< < < << <,
""This is a right which it acquires not dehors the
Constitution but by virtue of the fact that it is a superior
Court set up by the Constitution itself. It is not
necessary for this purpose to invoke any divine or
super-natural right but this judicial power is inherent in
the Court itself. It flows from the fact that it is a
Constitutional Court and it can only be taken away by
abolishing the Court itself.''
|T -|<| <|< =||< <| :|< ||<|, |,=,| -o (=, |) -o
:|<||< ||<|-=< <| |<|<| ||< -| :|<<| | < << (|
::-)
169. it is the clear that the power of judicial review is
a cardinal principle of the Constitution. The J udges, to
keep the power of judicial review strictly judicial, in its
exercise, do take care not to intrude upon domain of the
other branches of the Government. It is the duty of the
judiciary to determine the legality of executive action
and the validity of legislation passed by the Legislature.
<| `<||<< < -< |< = <| ||<|< <| <|< :<, <|<|<|'<
<| :|<|| |<<< ' |<<|< |<<, |< < + <| -:
:<| |<| <| |< |<T| |< < <|<|<|'< < '-<||
'- =< ||| || |<T< |<<+ :|<|| | | <<| =<,
125
|< <||<< <| <<|<|'< <| <| ||< ' |<<|< < ||
<| | '-<|' <
<| <||<| ||<| ||< '< <|<| co :-=< | |<
| <|< -<
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<<|< <||-| '$ | : <||< |< |<T || << |<<<< <, |
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126
|< ||<| | |< <| |< << :<, <|<|<|'< - = |<<< |<|
<| ' <||<| <||< ||| || (|<| <| << ||< <<
-||< <|---o) <<| -<| =< |<| <| = ||| - |<<|< | |<
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|<T| |< |< ||<| ||< <||< |<|| '| |<+
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||< |<<| -| |< |<T| =<, |<T|< ||<<||< ' <|
|| |< |< | =< | <||<|'
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|<| << ||< -||< =< | | << << |< << :<,
||<| || <| = < :<| :o:-= <+|<|< <| |<| |<<|<| <|<< |
< |$ | |: ||<| ||< |<<+ | <| |<|'-
||
| <| |<|<|<| |<| < |< |<| |<<|<| <|< |$ |<|< |<|'
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The Intenational Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973- =< <| '| ||< <|<
|< | << -< =< |< |- :< <<< |< :|< |<<+ |<|
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< ||<| : << |<<< | = | |<|' |<|<|<|
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:|< =< |<+ = < |<| < :< | << :<| -< :
< :<| < <| || <||< -< |
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< ||<< |< : |< || |< | =<| |||< |< ||
<< = ||< |< |< :'|| < |< |<-||<< <||-| << '-|
<< |< | | =< ||<< -<|'||< | | <<
127
= ||<|<< <<<| < o =| :o: | || <|| ' <<| -< =<
|< :'|| < = <||< ( ) |<|| - = || <|| -- =| =<
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: :<, :o: | |<|< :|-|< ||<| =|< :|< |<
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<, ||<|< <|<| |< |<r << ||<|< | | <|<
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|'<|| ||< << < <, || <|<<||< < | |< -< |<
| < <|<<|| << |< |< -< (`|< '| -: : :<,
128
:o:: <| |< +< |<<|<|| <|| : || << <||, |
--:----)
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:'|| < < ||<| || <|< < :|<, || <||< =<
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< -|| :|<|<|< <|< |<| < << < : ||
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<<| |$| |< |< :< = :<| |< |-| |<| <|<
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|<<|<|| <|| : || << <||, | --)
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|<<, :o:, <| |<+< |<<|<|| <|| : || << <||,
| o:)
129
|< < :| :<, :o:-= <<||-: |< <|<|< =< |<||<
|< | <| ||<| <| |<< |<< |<||< ||<| :|<||-|< | '|<
+| ||< < :<,
<| | | | <| <|| | < < - | < |
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=< <| < < <| <||<|<<| < | <| << `` (`|< ||<|,
- :<, :o:, <||< |<|| <+ | , |-
:-:)
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|<T <| << = |<T || ||
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:< :< |< < <<|< <$< | -< |< < <$<
<|| <<-||< |< | <| << -< |- <||-|< <
|<< | << ||<|< | <|< < '- << -<
........................... |< < ||' < -< |< <||-|<
-|<|< = :< | |< < | | << < +< m |< |
:< << <||-| ' << |< |<| :| < < :<|| <
< :<| <<< < <<<<| |< <||-|< | ||$< |-
<||-|< (|<|+|< | | <<) < << |-|< |
<< |< |<< |<| | <<< < :| < -< |<
|< << <||`` ( <| |<+< |<<|<||
<|| : || << <||, | c--c--)
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| |< '|` : -<< =<| |; =<| |<<; -<< =<| ||;
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|<| ||< |<||< <<| : |< |$| |'|| ||<|< |< '`
<< :<, <|+|<| -|< | ||<| <<| -<| << | < | < |<
130
=<| |<|<|<< |< | < :'| -|< | << << '| | < <<|
=< -|<| | <| :|<< <|`` (||<|<, <<| :, | c, |<
<-| |||-<< :< |, | <<< |<|, | -)
|<+< |<| '<<< :| -|r|, <||< | |< |-|, |<+
<- - = <<
< |< :< < |< |< | < |<| - |<| : :<
:< < |+|<| < < :< -|<| ||| -<, | < < =<| ||<|
|| || |< <||-|-<< :'|| ||<|| :|<| = <
| = < - <|'| |`` ( |< <-| |||-<< :< |,
| <<< |<|, | -)
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:: < :o: | <|| -< = <T || |<|+|< :|||-| < <| |<
| :<, :|||<<| <|<|<< : |< | ||<| |-< < |-< = |<
< | :- :|||-| <|<<< =<|<< <-<< ||'<|< |
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||< = |< | |< | |'|< |<:`` ( |< <-| |||- <<
:< |, | <<< |<|, | ,:)
||<|< =| <<| <| :<, |<||< < |<-:< < |<|
<< -< :<, |< <|<|<` - |-< | `<| < | |-< < =< |<
-| |- = <|<|< |<<|` |-< || << |< |< |< :'|| <
=< - |<|| `:-| |< + |<| |<|r << |<< | ||<|< |-< <
< ||< |< <|<| <|< <|< |< = <|<| |<| |< <|<|<< -|
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|< <|<|<< < <||
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|<||: <|| |< :<|| |<< <<| | < |< <<
|< :<| |< <|<| <| << <|<| || |$|<, << ||
<<``-(<| ---- <| -:)
=<
131
|< |<||< < :<-'- || -<| | :| <|v[gvi
Aci bvg]-q, | |<|| |< '< ||<| :| <: |
<<: (:<) <||-< |$|<|< | < :<-:< :| < << :
|<| |<< < <|< :| <|<|< | |-< :
' -< - <<| |< < << < :< |<|< <<< : : <|< |-
|< '< < |< << |`` -( <| --<|- <| o:-o)
=<
< :<| :< | << - | :< |---|<|< |< :<|
|< = :||< ||<< <| :< :|< :|<| <| << |
|-< '|< < < | :<| :< :<< - | :< |--
-|<|< |< :<|, < :<| |<-| < (|<) |< :<|<,
<| |<| || << |<| |$| :< :||< < < <<
| |<``-(<| <|<|<|-- <| :---:c)
=<
| <|< | <|< |< <|<<|< |<|, | ||< = |<<|<
|< |<< || <| | <<< <| | |---|<|< (|<
<|`<| <<) |< :<| :|<| :<| |<-| :< <|<|< |<
:<|< <|<< |<|< :<| -< |<| |||< | :<, = |<
||< |< |<| <| << | |- < || : <|<< |<|<
:<| -< | <| |< <| | : << < |<| :||<
|<<|< < <<< | < | |< |<<| < <<< | |<|
:< <|< |<<|< < << | :||< <| | |< < | <|
|< :<||< < << < | :| || <<<``-(<| <|<|<|-
- <| :---:-c)
|<|| << <||-|< |< : | =< || | < ||<|
|| | < || << |< < :o: | |<|< =< |<
|| ' |<< << |< |<| <<|, <| <| || < =|'< |'<
||<|< |<| | <<< = |< |< ||- - | :|<| |< <<
:|<|< <| -<: |<|< < < |-|< :<| || <| |< | <|< |
<| < |<|< << :< |-|< | | <| <|< | < <|
|<| :<| |`` ||< :|<|| ||< -< |<|<-< : '||<| :< |-
:<< :<| < <| |-< ||| << :| <|| |<|< (<) | |
132
|<< |, |<| <| |< << |<< | <| :< << < ||<|< | |<||
:|<<<| ||< << <` |< |< <| -<: ||<|< | :|<<<
< |<< |< <<| - <|<| = |< << |< < :|<|< |<`
|< <| -<: <|< |<||< +|<< '| <` = |< :< =<| || |<|<
<|<< <| -< <|-|<|- |< |'< :< -< = ||< <|' <<<| :|'| |
(:) |< < ||<| |<<: (-) <|< ||- <<, |<< <<: () ||-
=|'< |, <|<|| <<: (-) |<< << << (`|< ||<|, - <
:o:: <||< |<|| <+ | , | --c)
University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles < <||
Seyed Vali Reza Nasr <| The Vangurad of the Islamic Revolution, The
J amat Islami of Pakistan |<< ' <<| -< :<
""Not surprisingly the IJ T was pushed further into the
political timelight between 1969 and 1971 when the
Ayub Khan regime collapsed and rivalry between the
Peoples Party and the secessionist Bengali party, the
Awami League, resulted in civil war and the
dismemberment of Pakistan. The IJ T, with the
encouragement of the government, became the main
force behind the J amaats national campaign against
the peoples party in West Pakistan and the Awami
League and Bengali secessionists in East Pakistan. The
campaign confirmed the IJ Ts place in national politics,
especially in May, 1971, when the IJ T joined the armys
counterinsurgency campaign in East Pakistan. With the
help of the army the IJ T organized two paramilitary
units, called Al-Badar and Al-shams, to fight the Bengali
guerrillas. Most of Al-Badar consisted of IJ T members,
who also galvanized support for the operation among
the Muhajir community settled in East Pakistan. Matiur-
Rahman Nizami, the IJ Ts nazim-i ala (supreme head
or organizer) at the time, organized Al-Badar and Al-
133
Shams from Dhaka University. The IJ T eventually paid
dearly for its part in the civil war. During clashes with the
Bengali guerrillas (the Mukti Bahini) numerous IJ T
members lost their lives. These numbers escalated
further when scores were settled by Bengali nationalists
after Dhaka fell. Page-66-67, The Vanguard of
Islamic Revolution: The J ama at-i- Islami of Pakistan-By
Seyed Vali Reza Nasr, University of California Press,
Berkeley:1994 (<|-o, |<| <|< << -||, |-
::)
|<+ |<|| < | `:-=< |<< | <| |<< '||< =<|
:'|<| |< - - |<|| :< |<|r |'< -<< <||-| '
|<+ |<<|<| <|< |<<< | |<| <|< = |<| | |<
""15. On 17-10-71, a Conference (100) of Pakistan
Islami Chhatra Sangha (ICS), Rangpur Branch was held
in Rangpur town with A.T. M. Azharul Islam (ICS) in the
chair. Amongst others Ali Husan Md. Mujahid, Acting
President, WPICS addressed the Conference,
explaining the present situation of the country and
urging the party workers to mobilize the youths of
Islamic spirit and launch a strong movement against
anti-Islamic activities. He also urged them to form Al-
Badar Bahini at different levels for defending the country
from internal and external attack.
21. On 16-09-71, a public meeting (1000) was held
under the joint auspices of J alalabad Chhatra Samiti
and ICS at Sylhet town wherein Matiur Rahman Nizami,
President, ICS and others delivered speeches criticizing
India for interfering in the internal affairs of Pakistan and
obstructing the return of displaced persons. They
stressed the need of Islamic education and Islamic
134
constitution for the integrity of Pakistan. Matitur Rahman
Nizami further condemned the outlawed Al leader for
defaming the Pakistani Muslims by revolting against
Pakistan and joining hands with India. Resolutions on
the above lines were also adopted in the meeting.``
(|<| <|< << -||< <|-o, |-:c)
`:-= -| |<+ |<|| < ||<| |< |<|r <||-|< <<| <
<|< <|<< ||< |< |< ||| <| -< |||-< |<||`<
|<| <|
| < |<< + |< :<| |-| - | < | << =| -|,
|<| |< <|<| <| | |<| |< <|<| <| < < < |`
( | || :|< < || |<|< <|<<:
||< | << <||, | :-)
<<| :<| < :|<| || | << | <<< <|< <||< |
|< || '- << <<| | << <| |< <|< |
<< |< |< < < | :<|< <|| : $ =< =<||<< |- |
<|< < -< |<| << :< |< = < <| << <| <|< :o:
| |< <|<|< <||< || | |'`-=< -< |<|
< |<|< |<| | << =< = |<| :oo | |<|< |||< '-| -<
|<|< <||< |< |< < | =|< <| |<
<|, || - =| || :<, <|| - = --|< |< |
< '-< :<| |<< <||< < <| |`< |< | |: | <|
||' = < |< | < + || -<| ||<|--|| |- |<
<||< | |< -||<| << <
||| | ||<|--|| |- | <||< |< : |< :
: < |< ` << << |<| <|<|< |-:|< | -|< |<|<
| < |<| |<<|<| |-'|< |<||< $| <|< |< |'<| =< =
-|< |' |<< <||| |' =|-||< |-|< |<<` ||
|< =<||<< <| ||< '| |<|| <<| ||| | |<
< <|< |<<|<|| << = << | << :<, ||<| |< | <|
||< <|<| : | << |<| || <| || <<|< :<|'| <| | =<
|< < <|< = < :<, | || <| -<`` || <| ||< |<|
| << ||| | |< ||<|--|| |- |< | <|<
< <| |< |<<|<|| << |< = |<<|<|| |<<< |<| |<
<|< =< -|< |<|< | << |<| |<<|<| |< <|<|' <<
142
:o- | : |<|'< < <|<| : |< ||| | ||<|< |-|<
|<||< <<| << <<, <| <| || ||<| |< -|<| |` =<
||<|< <|<| |< |< |< |< < -|<| ` < |<| |<|
( |<+ '|| <, -|| | |, |-::)
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|-|< =< <|< <|< << << ||| | |< ||<| ||
||<| ||'< <|| :|< |<<+ <| '- << ||<|< || <|
|-|< || <<|< |||| ||| |< < |||<< <| || :|
|<< -|<| |<< |<<+ |<| < | =< <|< |-| ||< < :<
=< :oc | |-|< |||<< ||< <: < = |<< |< :< -| <<| -< =
< |<| | <<| -<| :<, ||<| <<|< |< |< -|<| |<<
:< < <| |<| | |< <|-<|< << -<'= |||<< || -|<|
|<< | << -|< || :<|< |<|' ||| | |-|<< =<| ||<<
| |<|<< | - =< = |<|< |< | <<| -< ||| | |<
|<<+ |< |<<+ :<| ' <<| '- | << =| :<,
<<<| |<|| <|< |< | = || <|| <<| -< ||| | :o- |
< | <|| |< < ||<| || ||<|< |<-=< ||< | <<
||<| |< < - || |<'||< |<|r '||< , <|| |<|< |<<+
<|, c--=< |<| |<<| < |< :< <|| =. :<. -<, ||| -||
| |<|| =< :-| -| :|-<|<||-=< :|<| < <<|<< |<|| | -
|< '-<|' <<| '-, <<| ||<< | :|<|- |<|r '||< <<|<
|<<+ ||| | ||<| ||< :<| <|' |<| | < << |||
| '||< <| <<|< |<<+ <| '- << '< |<|< |<|< <<|<
<| :< = << | << :<,
'< <<|<, '< |<|, '< - | |-|< | =
||< < (||| < | |, |<|| <|<|, < ,
|-o-)
||<|< ||| ||| | |< ||<|-=< <||' |< |<<<` =
-| <||< -|vbx' '-<|' =< *| | |<| |-|<
143
||- << |< | <| |< ||<|-:< || < <<|< -<|
||< =
||<| ||< '< :||< <|| |<|| : (:) |< :< <<|
|<-|< <|| <<| |< < |-< <| <| <| < < | <||
| <<|, <|< | ||< + | <<|, <| <| ||< '||| | | -<|
<|'
--|< | , -<< || ||< :| - ||| (<) -
<|| -|< <|' < '< || | :<, <||
:<|< -||< |<| |< ||<|< = <|| '-< -| |
< <| |-|<|< |<<|< < :< | :'|- |< | |< :<|
||<|< ' < <|| < |< r|- ||| |<| |||< |<|
-
:< - | ||< ' - r| <| ||<|< |<<|
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||< <| (|)-:< |$| :<| |< < < |<|| |-|<
| < | <| < | ||< + << < |<|< ||< T
:'||| <+- < |``
| | - << <<| <|<|< |<|< = :<-
: -<< <| <<| |||- ||- <| || <| :<, | ||
<| :-| <| |-|<| :-| (|<-<) <| < |<|| - |<|
- <| :|| <| <|< |||< + < |<|< <<| <| <
|
<| :|| <| <|< : -| :'||| | |<| <<| <| < |
| < <| <| |<|- - r| <| ||<| < |<<| :< -
<< ('<) || || || |<|| - < | <, = | || <
' < -<|< ``<|< || -
: || < |<| (= <|) :< || <|| |< <
:<|< < =< |< |<| |< | < :|<| << - < | < -|
< < | << | | -<
=< '< < `` <| < - <|<|< || -
144
||< : ||<| < ' =< | <<|< |<|| << :
<|< |<<
<| | || < ' |r <| - r| <| ||<| < |<<|
<|| - | < <|| |-| < '- <<| <| <|<| | || < -<|
| ?<< < =|<|<, :<| r| -||| | < :<| | || |
||<| ||< -<| | << <`` | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | < < <||, | o:-o
<| (|)-=< |<|` | -|< (<|) ' :< < |<|| <
|< : |<<< -| |- <|+ -| |< << <| <|
<<,
:| (|<<|< |) |- | |< | <| {-<< -| (|)
=< |< `| -|< (<|) '< (||'<) |< < (:||) |<
||< (| | < <|<| ) <| |<<| |<<
[<|<-:: (<| |-<|) <| -
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|<<+||< << =< `|< (-|<'<) < |<<| |
|< = |< | |<, :< |< : | |< |< << | |<
|-|r| <|<< =< |-|r| | |<< <| < [<|<--
(<|-||) <|::c
|< <|<< <| <| | <||< | << :<, -<< <||- (|)
|< -|< (|') (<|) ' < |<|| =< <|<: <| ||<|<
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|||< + | <<| |< :<|< | -| |-< <||< |<|
-<<'< |<| |||< <| -|| |< ||| | -<-=<
||<| || ||< ' < :- |< : |< (< | ' =< |<<<
) =< |<< <|< <|-| || < <| < | -||<| | |<|
|| -<| :<, | <|' < |<|| - =< | -| < | || <<| <|
| < |-|<| < |<<|, <|-|<| < < ? < |-| < ||| <|< | | -< :<|
<|< | < < || |< <|<|< | ||' < |<< , <
|||< ||' < | :|< | | -<|< <|< || |`` ( |
145
|| :|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||,
|-::-)
||| | |< <| |<|r ' |<|r <|-<|, |-|<| -|<' <
:|<|< < ||| << =|< | < |< < < < <|
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:o , (|<<| : << <||,| -- =< |<< <|| << <||,
|--:)-= < << :< |- |<||< |< <|< <* = < <<, :< <| <
||< | < :<| - <| | r <<|< <|| < |< |<| :< | - < |<<|
| :< | << :' | :< || | < < :``
<| <|<, -c |, | - <| r|-, < , | c-=
< <<, -|<| (|) ||<< <| :< | | | || ||<< <|<
<| - < |- < <| `
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(|) |<||< ||< | | << , |< | | - <``
: <| (|) < |< < < <| -| |-< <|| -
< <| < |' << : :| |-< ' <<|`` (<| ||--
<| --)
=<
- `|'; :|<| |- < ' << =< <|< ' << =<
:||< < < <<| |`` (<| -|-- <| )
=<
- <|; | :| :||< ||<| ||< =< <| ||
<<|<|<: |-< | |< |< -<|<|<|< =<
|<``(<| <-|<- <| -c--:)
<| << <|< <| |, ::c |-<|-= < <<, -|<|
|||: ||- <| || | '$| <| < =< | < <|< | - :|<
< < -|<| (|)-=< -|| < <||< ||<, | :-= < <<,
-|| |< :|< : < |< :|< < | |<< <| -< =< <$|<
146
|< < <|<| <<| <|<, |< (| < |<| <<| <|< | < =<| :<, |-< |< :<
< |<<< = | < :<, =|< :< |< |<| *| <| << | |< || -<,
: | < << :| << <|< < |< << | < < |<|r <<| |- |`|< < |
<< | < | = '< | ----= | :<, :<< |< |||: ||- <|
|| =< , |<< r <| =< | < |< :<| |< |||<
<< < |<<| |<|< < |<|<<` ( | || :|< < ||
|<|< <|<<: ||< | < < <||, | :o:-:o)
||| | |< |-| :<|< () < , | :--= -<<
(), |-| << -< , | ---= -<< - (), |-| <|< : ,
| cc--= -<< <|-| (), <||< ||< : , | :-= -<< | (),
|-|| -< , -< <, | ---= -<< | (), |-|| -< , c
<, | :---= -<< (), |-| < <, : ( <| ||), | --:-=
-<< *| () < |<< :|<|< < << || ||-|, <, |
-o--= << :<, < < |-|<|< |<<| < |<|r ||< <| r < <
: |-|<|< |<<| < || |< = ||< << *| <||<
|<| ||| | |< :| <| |<<|` ' <|- (|) =< |<| -|<
-<< < <<< ||< (<|), -<< < (<|), -<< | (<|), -<< | (<|), -<<
:|<||<<|, -<< | < |, -<< |, -<< |- < :|<|<<, -<<
|-|, -<< '|<| < :|<|, |, -<< <| ||<| -<< -|| '<
|<-| < |<< :|<|< < <<( | |<<| | -||<<< <-|
=< |< -<< ||| | -< |<<| (<), ||< | <<
<||)
|< :<|<< |< |< | ||-|, , | :--= <
<<, << <|< :-| < < < : |< || <| |< <`` ( |
|| :|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||,
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<|-<|< < |-|<|< <|| |< < <| (|)<, |<
|-|<|<| < |< < <|< :|<| < <<<, |< | <<<`` |<
||| | <| << c |, | --= | :<
147
|-|<| < :<<| | ||< <||-< | < :|< < | <<| <|<
|-|<| < | <<|< <| -| <<| <<| -< :<, :<| |<
| < :|< <| <<| <| < | < |< (|) | -| | < <<
| | <|< || =< || ||< `` ( |
|| :|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< |
<< <||, | :o-)
||| | |-|<|' < <| <|<, c |, | --=
<| <, |-|<| < |<<| < < '$| -|| <| << =< < <
|-|<| < < ||<< <| |<| | << |`` ( | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | < < <||, |-:o)
|| ||-|, -< , |-:cc-= |, |-|<| < < ||-|<| <
<| << <|< | `` ( | || :|< < || |<|<
<|<<: ||< | << <||, |-:o)
||| | |< |<|r :|< |< -||<|'< <|< ||| <<
|| ||-|, | --:--o--= |, << -||< |< T << <<
-<, |<<| |<< | << -<, = <|<| <| | <|<| =|<
| <| = ||< <|<| :<, < |<|< :< <| <||- <` |<| << -<,
:| < | <|< -|| |-< : | -< .... |-||< < <| <<| <| |<
-<: <|< |<| :| |< | |<< |< :< ||| |- < |'|< |< |<
<< :<, |<| | | << |<| | << <| |<| :<< | :<
<|< |< <| | :< |<| || | `` ( | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |--:)
-<< | '|<<||< (<)-=< ||| << ||| | || =-<|<
|, | -c-= |, | '|<<||< |<< <| |' ||' |< : <
< <<| | || = | || | <|| |< <<| :< |< , -||
<|< < |< ' <<|< << | | :| < ||<, |< < < |<| |<|<
<< | ' <<|< ||<| :| :< |<, || <| <|<| < | |<
<||||< << |<|< < ||<|`` ( | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |---)
148
||| |`< |< | = <<< | |<<|<| < <|| << |
|<< |<| |<|' ||< ||| -<< || <|<||<<| (<) |, |<
| ||- < < < |<|< <<< |< -| |< << < '$| <||
| | -< | |<|< < < , | < |< :|< < || <| <| -||
< | ||< '<||< | || <<| <| < <|` |< | << << ||
|, << $ | <| < |, |< :< |< $ :<: | | | < |<|<
<| <<|< :| < <|`` ( | || :|< < || |<|<
<|<<: ||< | << <||, |--)
<||< |<| |< ||| < <| <| <|' =< |-|<|'
< |<|r <<< ||| |<< < <<|< || ||| | < | :<,
< ||< <|< : < | -| < | < :<| |<< <|<
| < |< |<|<| | < | |< < : || < :|'| | << < <
<|| |< <|<| ||<+ :|<| <<| - < |< << < |< |<|<
= : < |'|<<, |< < < < | < '| |<| | << - < <
=| <<| | | < <|< `|< ||<`` ( | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | < < <||, |--)
| |< ||<| < |<- :< :< |<|r < =<||<< |<|
<|| -< :|<|< |<||< ' <|'|< |< | <| <<
=<| |<|< <<| -< :<, | | - | <|<<|<| |< -|<<
|<< |< |<|<| | < | ||< $ < |` ( | || :|<
< || |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |-c:)
< =<| |<|< |< < < |< ' || < <| -<,
| || = < < << |<| |<|< |<< < | < < < |
|-| <-||< | -< < =| |<|< | << < | : < ` =
|<|< |< << -|< |<| <|< || | :<|< |-,
||| :-|| - |||, :|-| `<<, -|| (|<|<) |< :<,
||| |, -|| (|<|<), |-|<|< ( | ||
:|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |-c)
149
|< :<< <| | -<< ||| `< |-| -|| < =<|
|<|< | || < <, = | | < <|< -<| <| |
- < | =| |< |< -|<< |<< |< < = | <|< -<| : < |<<
<| - < <| |<| :'|<|- - < <| < =| | < <|< |<< |<< |<< <
| <| :< = | '- :| | << < :< <| = ||<
|<-|< < < : <| < |<< | <| < < : = |<< |< :< | < |<|
<| | < | =< |< < | < | < -<| || < | < <| :<| | < |
| | - << | -<, |- |< | ||< $| |<<-`` ( | ||
:|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |-c)
|
|<< :<<<|< < =< |<| ||| |< :| :<<| |
< <, :||< | |- << |<|r +| | < < | = |+| : || :<,
|< | <| |<|< |<| |<<| < | :<<| <|< |< |<
| < | |< <|< |< |<| <|-<|<| : < < |< |< :'|| -
<||<|| :'|| - |< < | < < ' << :< |< |<|<
|<|< -< |`` ( | || :|< < || |<|< <|<<:
||< | << <||, |-co)
-|< |<| -|| ||| |< - <|| | |-<< | |
|-|| << = || <|<|< |<|| -< |< <|| | <|-
<|<| < <, | | -< | < =< | || |-| < < |<
:<|' <|< | <| << | < | <| |< | < < | < |
< =<| :|< |< :|| - < < = | :<|'| <| |-|< <<| | < <
|<| < |< : :<|< ||<`` ( | || :|< < ||
|<|< <|<<: ||< | < < <||, |-co)
-|<| - -|| <|<< || |<| -|| ||| -|<
<, | - -|| | < <|< <<| |<| :< | << = |< <||<
: < <| < < <| = <||< << | < < < <| - -|| || < < < < |<
<< :| < |` <| <| <|` <<| - -|| < <| <, < < | <
<| < <| |< | |< | << < =< <<| |<| <<'< | < < $ | << <
151
| || | <<| <| -< <| <|<< | || ||< :|<||<|
<< - < =< |< | ||- << | - <`` ( | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | < < <||, |-co)
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|| <, ||| | - r| <| || < || <| |< <|<| |<|| <<
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|, ||- |<| |<<| < | :<<| <| : < |< <|< : <
-| <|-<|' :<-| || <| = < | |-<|, < <|| |<
:<| <|< | < <`` ( | || :|< < || |<|<
<|<<: ||< | << <||, |-:)
|| <| <,
||<| || <|< -<| |< <<|<| |<<| `` ( |
|| :|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< |
<< <||, |-:-:)
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<< |`< || < < <<, | = | :<|'| <<| -|<| <|<
| < <-< | <<| |<<`( | || :|< < ||
|<|< <|<<: ||<| < < <||, |-:)
| |< ||| -<< ||| :|-| |- -|| :< |`<
|| < < << :<, | :| =<| | :| =< | | - <<
||<| ||`` < | < | <|| =<| || | < <
| < |<|<| = : < < |<| -<| || || ||<| < < <||`
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|r <| < < |< < <( | || :|< < ||
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|| <|< -< | || < | | <, =<| :<, :<|
<| <| |< <|< | ||< |<<<< |< <<| |< < || |< || <||<
152
|<| |<|< < || :|< < < :'|<|-| |<|< | < < , = : -< <| | <
|<< << |<| | <<| |< | < <||< =< |<|< <|< < <|<` (
| || :|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< | < <
<||, |-:-)
| | |
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<||< < ' <|<| ||< | | << <| < < | <
<|||< |$ | |<|< <|< | < <||< < |< |< <| |< - <
| < =| < <<| :< | < || ||< ||<|<| |<| =< <| <
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||| < -|| | ||<| |< || < |<<|' | || << = =<
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< |<<< || |< :< =< <|< =< |<| < |<<| < |<|
| < :<| |<< << < <|| -<| |<|r <|| < | <|<|< <
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|| | < <<| |<| || < |<<| < ?< -< | =< |
<|<|< <|| < | :<| < <<|< <| <|< <|< | << -|< < <
|| < |<<|' <|<| | |< || | < | <|<| <||< | ||
|<| < < , | < =<|| <| <<| `( | || :|< <
|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |-:-:-)
| < ||| |`< <|| < ||<|' |||< ||| ||
<|| || |<|- < | |< | < |<| << ||< <|<| | :<||
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|< <| <| <'| <| ||< :<|<| <, |< <| | <
|| <| || <<| : << || <| || - < :' |< :| < |<
:| < |< || <<| <|<` ( | || :|< < ||
|<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |-:)
153
|| < < << :<-| < |<< <|| | < < | =< |< |<|
|| | << < |<|<< | < | < :| < | || << |' < |<| |
< | << +|< | < < | < < = : | < '- <|'|
=< <||< | < |<< ||< |<< + | =< || < || <||| <$
<|<| |- <| < | :< < |<| =| < | < | << <| -<
| | <||<, |<| || <| '<|< :||< | << |< <|| < |
|| =| < || | < :< '|| | < |< -< :| |
< | < |<< <|<|< | < < = <|< | <|< |<|| =< ||
<||| = | < |<<| |<< |$| -< `` ( | || :|<
< || |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, |-:c)
||| |`< ||<| < : << |< -|| || |
-< < << :<, || T< < |< <<| ?< <<| |<|< | <|*' <<|<
-| | |<| | < || < < |<|| < < $<$ < < | < | < :|< <
|<| = :<, = <<-|< << |<| |< |- |<| ||<|<|,
|<| <|| <<< :<|< :<|'| |<| -||<< : ||< :<|| << |'< |<|
< < <| |< <||< < (| ||| | =< |-|<
-|<| | |, |||, <|< :<||< :< |`` (|< -|| ||
| -<: :<||<| <|, |<|, |---)
< |<| || |||< ||| -< || < :<, <
|<| < < || < < ||<|< <||| || : | |<| < | <
<<'| | | |-<| | <| < <| < < | :<- | |< <<|
| | <| |< <<| |< = : || < <|| | < || <
<||| <|<| | - <|||< |<| =| |< < < <||| | <
|<|, || <|||< |< | :|-| =<| |< = : |
<<| <| |<<|< |||< |- < <| << <
|| <, | < | | <<| :| | << < =: |< <||
-< <||< | < < < < -|-<| '||` =<< < : |'| ||
<||| < < < |<|' :|| <|< = - : | | < |<,
154
||< <|||< : ( | || :|< < || |<|< <|<<:
||< | << <||, |-::-:)
< < |<| |<| :||<<|< |<< || ||| <|-
|< |* |||<|| <, |< =< <|-<|<|< || ||< <|||
<| || << :| <|< <||< |||+< |<| | < |<<|<|| <|| |<
= =< < |<| < <| | :| || -<| | << <, |<|< <<|< |
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|<| : < |< <|<|| << < | | |r|-< |<| ||< | <|| << , |r|-<
|< :| || | | << < |<|| | << < ||< |r|-< |< <<-|<
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|<| <+ <<| -|<| <| : < |< |<| ||< -<- <|<| <||<
< + |<| <| < |<| << << << << < = < |< <|| |, ||<| <+
:|<|< ' :| |<| <+< < :<| <| <<, | |< << <<
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|| |<|< <|<<: ||< | << <||, | :--:o)
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<| (| |< |<|) = < -|, |-<| <<|< < |<
|< | << - < |......................... = ||<| < -<| | << <`` c
|<< :-: |-<| = |<|< : |<| || |||< |< <<,
|< - <| :-| |-=< |< -<< ||| - | (
| || :|< < || |<|< <|<<: ||< | < <
<||, |:o-::)
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|, || |< |<` |< ' ||| | |< <| |<<
<<|< |<|< |<<| ||-||, <| <<| |||: ||- <|||<
-| |-|<|< |<<| <||<||: : =< |< <|' < ||<|, |<<, |<|-
155
|<<|, |<|<<|, |< ||-| <<'|| |, < < |-<|
+|| <|<' < < :< < < << |< <|< ||| << < << :<,
<|< < ||<| || ||<| < || = :|<| |<| | |< :<, <|
| | - << = - < <|<<||` |< < ||<| || :<|'| <<|,
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:< <- :-|| :<, |-||'< | <||<| | || $| |< | << -< |`
( |< -<< ||| | -< |< <| (<), |-:--)
|< -|| || | <| - |-<-=< | -| (:) ||<|
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156
<<|< |<< '| < ||< |<| < < , <| |r <|< '< |< |<|
< =< = ||< <| < <<| |||: ||- <||| < | <| -|| < |
< | - < |
:
< |||< = =< | | r < << |< |< - < <|-|<| (|<
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|<<|<|| << |, *| | < :-| < || | < : |<
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<-<'|< << < -|| << |< < |<|r :|<-|
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- |<< |<< <| -<- :< |<|<|< :<|'|< || :<
< <|| -< (=-:- .)
157
( | || :|< < || |<|< <|<<:
||< | << <||, |-:--:-:)
||| | |< <| <<< |<| :||< |<|<| '` |`-:< : (state)
=< | | << |<
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:| (|-::c, <|< <||)
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|, *| <||< |<|
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:< < - <<| -< :| = :<| |||< : :<, :<|
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: <|<| |<<|< :-(')-= <| |<||< =<| <|' || -|-
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<|< r << -< =< -< : <|< |<| < <| < <<|< ||< <|< |
| - ||< -=<
(|<|<| =. |<< <|-)
158
Order of the Court
By majority view this Rule is made absolute. The impugned registration
given to the Respondent No.1 by the Respondent No.4, as a political party
is hereby declared to have been given without lawful authority and is of no
legal effect.
(Mr. Justice M. Moazzam Husain)
(Mr. Justice M. Enayetur Rahim)
(Mr. Justice Quazi Reza-Ul Hoque)
Certificate
Learned Advocates appearing for Repondents No.1 prayed for certificate
as contemplated under Article 103 of the Constitution on the assertion that
this case involves substantial question of law involving interpretation of the
Constitution in that there is scope of interptretation of Article 90C of the
RPO in the light the provisions of Articles 2A, 8, 11 and 38 and the
preamble of the Constitution as those stood at the time of registration and
the interpretation has direct bearing on the merit of this case.
Upon hearing we find substance in the submiission and accordingly
allow certificate for examination of the following question:
Whether the provision of Article 90C of the Representation of
the People Order, 1972, should be interpreted in the light of
the provisions of Articles 2A, 8, 11, and 38 and the Preamble
of the Constitution prevailoing at the time of the impugned
registration.
(Mr. Justice M. Moazzam Husain)
(Mr. Justice M. Enayetur Rahim)
(Mr. Justice Quazi Reza-Ul Hoque)