Flow Boiling in Microchannel

Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?
Channel classication Need for smaller passages
FLOW BOILING IN MICROCHANNELS

Ajith Krishnan R
Govt. Engineering College Kozhikode
High Heat Flux Removal

Classication of High Heat Flux High Heat Flux Removal Technologies
Boiling Heat Transfer

Types of Boiling Heat Transfer
Flow Boiling In Microchannels

Flow Boiling in a Microchannel Two Phase Flow Flow Pattern
November 27, 2013
Conclusion
Conclusion
References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)
Flow boiling in Microchannels
November 27, 2013
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Contents
1



Conclusion
Conclusion
What is a MicroChannel? Channel classication Need for smaller passages High Heat Flux Removal Classication of High Heat Flux High Heat Flux Removal Technologies Boiling Heat Transfer Types of Boiling Heat Transfer Flow Boiling In Microchannels Flow Boiling in a Microchannel Two Phase Flow Flow Pattern Conclusion Conclusion References References
Flow boiling in Microchannels November 27, 2013 2 / 32
What is a MicroChannel? Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

Channel classication
Channel classication



Figure: Channel Classication[1] D is the channel diameter In the case of non-circular channels D is the minimum
Conclusion
Conclusion
channel dimension

Need for smaller passages



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Variation of the heat transfer coecient with channel size for fully developed laminar ow of air and water [1]




Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Variation of pressure gradient with channel size for fully developed laminar ow of air and water [1]


Dramatic Enhancement in h with a reuction in Channel
Size is Clear
Pressure Gradient increases with reduction in Channel Size
1 Compactness /AreaDensity = SurfaceArea D Volume


Decrease in channel size(D) cause an increase in Area

Density or Compactness
Most ecient heat and mass transfer processes occur
Conclusion
Conclusion
inside the lungs and kidney, having ow channels having capillary dimensions 4
High Heat Flux Removal Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?
Classication of High Heat Flux
Classication of High Heat Flux

Heat ux from microprocessors will be a great challenge in
thermal managemnt
Electronic devices particularly high power defence

elecronics dissipate 1000W /cm2 and higher

In future 2500W /cm2 could be reached

Classify High Heat Fluxes as: High Heat Flux(HHF)::102 103 W /cm2 Ultra High Heat Flux(UHF)::103 104 W /cm2 Extreme Heat Flux(UHF)::> 104 W /cm2

Conclusion
Conclusion
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High Heat Flux Removal Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?
High Heat Flux Removal Technologies
High Heat Flux Removal Technologies

Liquid as working medium/ With and with out phase
change
Heat Pipe -Successful heat removal technology Nano uids- Emerging technology

Rest of all technologies associated with three basic types of coolant ows: Microchannels Jet impingement Sparys


Conclusion
Conclusion
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Boiling Heat Transfer Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?


Figure: Classication of boiling on the basis of the presence of bulk uid motion[3]

Pool Boiling-in the absence of bulk uid ow Flow Boiling or Forced Convection Boiling-in the presence of bulk uid ow
Conclusion
Conclusion
Subcooled and Saturated Boiling


Figure: Classication of boiling on the basis of the presence of bulk liquid temperature [3] Pool and ow boiling are further classied as subcooled

Conclusion
Conclusion
boiling or saturated boiling,depending on the bulk liquid temperature Subcooled boiling-the bulk of the liquid is subcooled Saturated boiling-the bulk of the liquid is saturated
Pool Boiling Curve



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Pool Boiling Curve For water at Atmospheric pressure[4]

Pool Boiling Regimes



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: The Various stages in pool boiling curve[4]
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Actual Pool Boiling Curve



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Actual pool boiling curve[3]
November 27, 2013
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Flow Boiling/Convective Boiling



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Regions of Heat Transfer in Convectivel boiling [4]

Boiling Map



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Variation of heat transfer coecient with Quality with increasing Heat ux as a parameter[4]
Flow Boiling In Microchannels Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?
Flow Boiling in a Microchannel
Flow boiling in a channel is nothing but boiling occurring

due the ow of a liquid with certain velocity whose walls are subjected to heat
Microchannel ows are driven by pumps with mean ow

velocities in the range of few millimeters per second to many centimeters per second
Flow in microchannels will be mainly laminar Two Phase ow With Phase Change

Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Microchannel Vs Conventional Channel
The 2 phase heat transfer correlations for microchannels

are dierent from conventional channels

Surface tension forces are more dominant and gravity

forces are negligible in microchannels

Separate studies need to be conducted for microchannels

Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Two Phase Flow
Basic Denitions and Terminology



Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Two Phase Flow
Basic Denitions and Terminology



Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Flow Pattern
Need For Identifying The Flow Patterns

Heat tansfer coecients and pressure drop are closely
related to the local two phase ow structure of the uid

Flow pattern prediction is an important aspect in

modelling evaporation and condensation

Flow pattern depends on the conditions of

pressure,ow,heat ux,and channel geometry

Physical parameters delinating the ow pattern are

Surface tension Gravity(non vertical channels-stratication)

Conclusion
Conclusion
Flow Pattern
Flow pattern in vertical tube with out heating



Figure: Two phase ow pattern in vertical up ow[5]
Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Flow Pattern
Flow pattern in vertical heated Channels



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Two phase ow pattern in vertical Evaporator Tube[5]

Flow Pattern
Flow pattern in Horizontal Channels Without Heating



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Flow pattern in Horizontal Flow[5]

Flow Pattern
Flow pattern in Horizontal Heated Tube



Figure: Flow pattern in Horizontal tube With Heating[5]
Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Flow Pattern
Flow pattern Map in Horizontal Two Phase Flow



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Baker Flow Pattern Map for Horizontal Flow in a Pipe[4]

Flow Pattern
Flow pattern Map in Verticall Two Phase Flow



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Hewitt and Roberts Flow Pattern Map for Vertical Upow in a Pipe[4]
Flow Pattern
Bubble Nucleation
-Nucleation Sites? Dierent Routes for Nucleation Deviation from Stable equillibrium Deviation from Metastable equillibrium Deviation from Unstable equillibrium



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Metastable state[4]

Flow Pattern
Heat Transfer Mechanisms During Flow Boiling In Microchannel

-Nucleate Boiling-HHF and low vapour quality -Convective Boiling-High mass ux and high vapour quality



Conclusion
Conclusion
Figure: Dierent heat transfer mechanis ms during ow boiling in a microchannel

Conclusion Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

Conclusion
Conclusion
Fundamental understanding of ow boiling phenomenon in
microchannel is slowely emerging

Understanding of liquid and vapour phase interactions

during two phase ow in microchannel have intense important

Surface tension is the dominant force in ow eld Need of an acurate experimental ow boiling data need for

dierent channel types

Flow reversal in multichannels.Rapod expansion of bubble

in to slug pushes liquid away both upstream and downstream of the ow
Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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References Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

References
References
[1]Satish G. Kandlikar, Srinivas Garimella, Dongqing Li, Stephane Colin, Michael R. King Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow In Minichannels And Microchannels ELSEVIER. First edition 2006 [2]M. A. Ebadian,C. X. Lin A Review of High-Heat-Flux Heat Removal Technologies Journal of Heat Transfer,NOVEMBER 2011, Vol. 133/ 110801-1 [3]Yunus A. Cengel HEAT TRANSFER A Practical Approach McGraw-Hill. Second edition 2006 [4]John G. Collier, John R. Thome Convective Boiling and Condensation Oxford University Press, Third Edition,1994 [5], John R. Thome Wolverine Engineering Data Book III Wolverine tube inc



Conclusion
Conclusion
References Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

References
References

[6],Kandlikar, S.G. Heat Transfer Mechanisms During Flow Bo iling in Microchannels Journal of Heat Transfer,ASME, Vol. 126, pp. 8- 16.


Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Thank you


Conclusion
Conclusion
November 27, 2013
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Flow Boiling in Microchannel

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Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

Channel classication Need for smaller passages

FLOW BOILING IN MICROCHANNELS

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

November 27, 2013

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

Flow boiling in Microchannels

November 27, 2013

Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

What is a MicroChannel? Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

What is a MicroChannel? Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

Need for smaller passages

Need for smaller passages

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

What is a MicroChannel? Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

Need for smaller passages

Need for smaller passages

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

What is a MicroChannel? Flow boiling in Microchannels Ajith Krishnan R What is a MicroChannel?

Need for smaller passages

Need for smaller passages

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Decrease in channel size(D) cause an increase in Area

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

Classication of High Heat Flux

Classication of High Heat Flux

High Heat Flux Removal

elecronics dissipate 1000W /cm2 and higher

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

Flow boiling in Microchannels

November 27, 2013

High Heat Flux Removal Technologies

High Heat Flux Removal Technologies

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels

References References Ajith Krishnan R (GEC KKD)

Flow boiling in Microchannels

November 27, 2013

Types of Boiling Heat Transfer

Types of Boiling Heat Transfer

High Heat Flux Removal

Boiling Heat Transfer

Flow Boiling In Microchannels