Table A. Equivalent length, (L/D ) EQ of valves and pipe fittings.

No. 1 Item name & type Globe valve A B C D 2 Angle valve A B 3 Plug type seat No bevel w/pin guide Fully open Fully open 145 200 8 Elbow A B Gate valve A B C 4 Check valve A B C D E 5 Swing Clearway swing Globe, lift or step Angle, lift or step In line ball check valve 135 50 340 145 150 11 Single mitter bend A Foot valve A B With strainner & poppet With leather hinged 420 75 12 Return bend 50 B 45 deg. 90 deg. 15 58 10 Street Elbow A B 90 deg. 45 deg. 50 26 Wedge, double, plug disc Fully open 1/2 open 1/4 open 13 260 900 9 Standard Tee A B Straight flow To branch 20 60 C LR 90 degrees SR 90 degrees SR 45 degrees 20 30 16 Plug type seat No bevel w/pin guide Y patern 60 degrees 45 degrees Fully open Fully open Fully open Fully open 340 450 175 145 7 Cock valve A B C Straight Three way, straight flow Three way, to branch Fully open Fully open Fully open 18 44 140 Condition (L/D) EQ No. Item name & type 6 Butterfly valve Condition Fully open (L/D) EQ 40

Table B. Flow Resistance, K for several geometries

Note : (D1/Do) 2 or (D2/Do) where D1 or D2 is smaller diameter and flow is referred to upstream
No. Item name & type Condition (D1/Do) 1 Reducer 0.1 0.5 0.9 0 0.5 0.9 3 Sudden enlargement 0 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.9 Or separated sheet calculation 5 Infinite contraction 0 0.5
2

No. Item name & type

Condition D2/Do

0.37 0.22 0.02 0.5 0.25 0.05 1 0.25 0.01 50 3.9 0.15 9 8 7

Open end (to ambient or infinite end space) Nozzle ( angle 7 - 15 deg.) 0.4 0.6 0.8 45 8.5 2.5 70 10 1

Do
2

D1

Sudden contraction

Do D2 Sharp nozzle

0.2 0.5 0.9

D1
4

Do

Mitter bend

Lb/D 0 2 6 1.2 0.4 0.47

Orifice or perforated plate

Lb

Infinite enlargement

PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION SHEET

FOR GAS
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Note : Velocity at smallest area V1 = 0.9 a {f(L/D)} valves and V1 = 0.9 a (K)
0.5 0.5

Unit

Qty.

Piping system components Number of piping system components Valve & fittings

Gas data Gas name Volume flow (m3/hr) Pressure Temperature Viscosity MW k Pcr Tcr Pred Tred Z, from chart R Density 0.9 a = 0.9 (1000.k.T.Z.R)0.5 Pipe data Inside pipe diameter, D Pipe length, L Inside surface roughness, Material surface roughness data Material Drawn tube, glass, plastic Forged, structural steel Commercial steel Galvanized iron Cast iron Concrete new smooth/coarse Water mains, old Sewer, old Pressure drop calculation Pipe (L/D) Gas velocity in pipe, V Reynold no., Re Relative roughness, /D Friction factor, f Pressure drop, PLOSS Check gas velocity at valve/orifice Globe vlv seat, full open Gate, .% open,(L/D)eq.&vel Orifice, K & vel. m/s 260 20 40.2 OK 35.1 OK 68.91 OK for for orifice kg/cm2 m/s 952.74 15.408 2.21E+08 0.000857 0.02 0.316 (mm) 0.0015 - 0.0025 0.025 0.045 0.15 0.25 0.025/0.25 1 3 mm m mm 52.48 50 0.045 kg/m3 m/s kg/cm2A K m3/hr kg/cm2A C K cP Air 120 5 40 313.16 0.02 28.97 1.4 38.454 132.8 0.130 2.358 1 0.29 5.46 319.2 340 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Item code no. A.1.A A.1.B A.1.C A.1.D A.2.A A.2.B A.3.A A.3.B A.3.C A.4.A A.4.B A.4.C A.4.D A.4.E A.5.A A.5.B A.6 A.7.A A.7.B A.7.C A.8.A A.8.B A.8.C A.9.A A.9.B A.10.A A.10.B A.11.A A.11.B A.12 Other Total (L/D)EQ Other restriction component Item code no. 0 0.5 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5 B.6 B.7 B.8 B.9 Other Total flow resistance, K

(L/D)iEQ 340 450 175 145 145 200 13 260 900 135 50 340 145 150 420 75 40 18 44 140 20 30 16 20 60 50 26 15 58 50 0 366

Qty. 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ki 0 0.5 1 20 0 0 0 0 0

Qty. 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

0
21.5

RESTRICTION ORIFICE DESIGN

FOR GAS
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 49 Note : 1). Trial until value of C conform with C curve of orifice in figure 6 or 8. 2). Y of flange taps orifice also can be calculated by : Y = 1- ( 0.41+0.35 ).( P/Po)/ k Pressure drop calculation Pipe (L/D) Gas velocity in pipe, V Reynold no. in pipe, Re Relative roughness, /D Friction factor, f Pipe pressure drop, PLOSS Orifice pres.drop, PORI / Po Trial diameter ratio, Y, fig. 9 or note 2) V1, (V/
2

Unit

Qty.

Piping system components Number of piping system components Valve & fittings

Gas data Gas name Volume flow (m3/hr) Pressure Design P Temperature Viscosity MW k Pcr Tcr Pred Tred Z, from chart R Density 0.9 a = 0.9 (1000.k.T.Z.R)0.5 Pipe data Inside pipe diameter, D Pipe length, L Inside surface roughness, Material surface roughness data Material Drawn tube, glass, plastic Forged, structural steel Commercial steel Galvanized iron Cast iron Concrete new smooth/coarse Water mains, old Sewer, old (mm) 0.0015 - 0.0025 0.025 0.045 0.15 0.25 0.025/0.25 1 3 mm m mm 77.92 65 0.045 kg/m3 m/s kg/cm2A K m3/hr kg/cm2A kg/cm2 C K cP CO2 300 16 2 40 313.16 0.015 44.01 1.3 74 304.4 0.216 1.029 0.93 0.19 28.53 240.7 340 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 834.19 m/s 17.473 2.59E+09 0.000578 0.0175 kg/cm2 kg/cm2 1.26 0.74 0.046

Item code no. A.1.A A.1.B A.1.C A.1.D A.2.A A.2.B A.3.A A.3.B A.3.C A.4.A A.4.B A.4.C A.4.D A.4.E A.5.A A.5.B A.6 A.7.A A.7.B A.7.C A.8.A A.8.B A.8.C A.9.A A.9.B A.10.A A.10.B A.11.A A.11.B A.12 Other Total (L/D)EQ Other restriction component Item code no. 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B.5 B.6 B.7 B.8 B.9 Other Total flow resistance, K B.1 B.2 B.3

(L/D)iEQ 340 450 175 145 145 200 13 260 900 135 50 340 145 150 420 75 40 18 44 140 20 30 16 20 60 50 26 15 58 50 0 706

Qty. 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ki 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 0

Qty. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

P ORI

note 1)
m/s

0.615
0.984 46.20 0.660

Required C, eq. (20)

0
1.5

RESTRICTION ORIFICE DESIGN

FOR GAS
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 49 Note : Trial until value of C conform with C curve of orifice in figure 6 or 8. Pressure drop calculation Pipe (L/D) Gas velocity in pipe, V Reynold no. in pipe, Re Relative roughness, /D Friction factor, f Pipe pressure drop, PLOSS Orifice pres.drop, PORI / Po Trial diameter ratio, Y, fig. 9 V1, (V/
2

Unit

Qty.

Piping system components Number of piping system components Valve & fittings

Gas data Gas name Volume flow (m3/hr) Pressure Design P Temperature Viscosity MW k Pcr Tcr Pred Tred Z, from chart R Density 0.9 a = 0.9 (1000.k.T.Z.R)0.5 Pipe data Inside pipe diameter, D Pipe length, L Inside surface roughness, Material surface roughness data Material Drawn tube, glass, plastic Forged, structural steel Commercial steel Galvanized iron Cast iron Concrete new smooth/coarse Water mains, old Sewer, old (mm) 0.0015 - 0.0025 0.025 0.045 0.15 0.25 0.025/0.25 1 3 mm m mm 77.92 65 0.045 kg/m3 m/s kg/cm2A K m3/hr kg/cm2A kg/cm2 C K cP NH3 100 16 2 40 313.16 0.015 17.03 1.31 112.8 406.1 0.142 0.771 0.86 0.49 11.94 373.5 340 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 834.19 m/s 5.824 3.61E+08 0.000578 0.0175 kg/cm2 kg/cm2 0.06 1.94 0.121

Item code no. A.1.A A.1.B A.1.C A.1.D A.2.A A.2.B A.3.A A.3.B A.3.C A.4.A A.4.B A.4.C A.4.D A.4.E A.5.A A.5.B A.6 A.7.A A.7.B A.7.C A.8.A A.8.B A.8.C A.9.A A.9.B A.10.A A.10.B A.11.A A.11.B A.12 Other Total (L/D)EQ Other restriction component Item code no. 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B.5 B.6 B.7 B.8 B.9 Other Total flow resistance, K B.1 B.2 B.3

(L/D)iEQ 340 450 175 145 145 200 13 260 900 135 50 340 145 150 420 75 40 18 44 140 20 30 16 20 60 50 26 15 58 50 0 706

Qty. 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ki 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 0

Qty. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

P ORI

0.24
0.962 m/s 101.12 0.589

Required C, eq. (20)

0
1.5