Design objectives:

The main objective of the suspension is to contribute to the cars ride and handling, and to keep the driver as isolated possible from bumps, vibrations, etc. It is important for the suspension to keep the wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible, since all the forces acting on the vehicle do so through the tires.

LAST YEAR DESIGN:

Last year suspension has some faults are identified .Due to poor selection of suspension arm. In Endurance event trailing arm and camber links bend has occured. In acceleration event, front wheel couldnt get traction due to insufficient stiffness in the front wheel.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY:
Vehicle specification targetstiffness & shock selectionsuspension type selectionsuspension geometry in lotus suspension analyserFEA in ANSYS.

TARGET DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:

Bump in camber gain Better shocks travel To promote over steer Lower unsprung mass

SUSPENSION TYPE SELECTION: FRONT SUSPENSION:

short long double wishbone suspension is chosen for front suspension to provide good performance. The camber geometry of an unequal arm suspension can improve camber at the outside wheel by counteracting camber due to roll.

At the same time, the geometry must be selected to minimize tread change to avoid excess tire wear.

REAR SUSPENSION:
Good serviceability and easy packaging played a major role in choosing Trailing arm with camber links as the rear suspension system. It can better transverse an obstacle at high speed.as the rear wheel hits an obstacle, the forward trailing link experiences virtually no bending stress. Another advantage of the trailing arm suspension is for allows convenient shock mounting on the arm.

SUSPENSION STIFFNESS CALCULATION: Ride frequency

A Ride frequency is the undamped natural frequency of the body in ride. For medium to high speed use, normally suspension frequency will be 10-20% higher in the rear than the front. Lower frequencies produce a softer suspension with more mechanical grip, however he response will be slower in transient.

Flat ride
The flat ride is achieved when the rear suspension frequency is greater than that of front suspension. This is because, the higher rear frequency, catches up with the front suspension when the car pitches and reduces the pitching action of the vehicle, thereby provides comfort.Flat ride is achieved when the rear frequency is greater than the front frequency. FLAT RIDE CONDITION: FRONT SPRING RATE PER CORNER: fr=1.2

KS=42 fr2 msm MR2 =42(1.2)257.285(1.8)2 KS=10551.35 N/m

Front spring rate KSF =21102.706 N/m REAR SPRING RATE PER CORNER: fr=1.44 KS=42(1.44)270.015(1.8)2 Ks=18570.38144 N/m Rear spring rate KSR =37140.726 N/m FRONT ROLL RATE: KF= ((1.3716)2(10551.35)2)(18021102.706) KF=126.29 (Nm/deg roll) REAR ROLL RATE: KR= ((1.27)2(18570.31)2)(18037140.7628) KR=261.38 (Nm/deg roll) ROLL GRADIENT: (V/AX)=(-3139.20.1524)387.67 = -1.23 deg/roll Total roll couple=CH = 4053.4470.154 = 617.74 Nm Total roll stiffness= KF+ KR =387.6 (Nm/deg

FRONT ROLL COUPLE: Front roll couple= (Front roll stiffness/Total roll stiffness) roll rate =(126.29/387.6) 617.74 = 201.275 Nm Rear roll couple= (Rear roll stiffness/Total roll stiffness) roll rate =(261.38/387.67) 617.74 = 617.74Nm Front Weight traveller due to body roll: =(Front roll couple/Front track width) =(201.275/1.371) =146.774N Rear weight traveller due to body roll: =(Rear roll couple/Rear track width) =(617.74/1.883) =327.992 N

PITCH AND BOUNCE FREQUENCY: D1=(KSF+KSR/MS)=((21102.706+37140.726)/254.69.81) =32 s-2 D2=((Krl2-Kfl1)/MS) =((37140.76280.9185)-(21102.7060.7515)/2497) =4.70s-2 D3= ((Kfl22-Krl12)/MS) =((21102.7060.75152)-( 37140.76280.91852)/24970.882) =21.4/0.882 =27.64

NATURAL FREQUENCY: n2=0.5(D1+D3) (0.25(D1-D3)2+(D2/ry)2)(1/2) =0.5(32+27.62)-(0.25(32-27.62)2+(4.70/0.88)2 =24.005 s-2 n1=0.78 Hz n2=0.5(D1+D3) +(0.25(D1-D3)2+(D2/ry)2)(1/2) =0.5(32+27.62)+(0.25(32-27.62)2+(4.70/0.88)2 n2 =0.949 Hz Locations of the oscillations centres for n1 = (D2/ n12-D1)=(4.70/0.782-32) =-0.59 m n1 = (D2/ n22-D1)= (4.70/0.782-32) =1.312m Tire spring rate Ktr for 80 kg is =6400 kg/m For Four wheel Ktr =25600.6 kg/m Natural frequency for sprung mass: fn.s =(1/2)((ktr/(ks+ktr)/ms)(1/2) =0.813

fn-us=(1/2)((ks+ktr)/ms)(1/2) =3.49