KCP-EEN-BLR-DPR-0001 Rev.

: 02 Project Title: Document Title: Kingsnorth Carbon Capture & Storage Project Drains System Design Philosophy Page 1 of 8

Drains System Design Philosophy

Table of Contents 1. Scope and Functional Requirements 2. Assumptions 3. Design Requirements 4. Mandatory References 5. Supporting References

Sch 7 ref.: 6.21 Signature: Date:

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Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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1. Scope and Functional Requirements This Design Philosophy identifies the requirements for the drains in the water-steam cycle as well as in the flue gas path and capture plant. This document does not include items such as surface water drainage, site drainage, which are covered in the Civil Design Philosophy [S1]. Furthermore this design report ensures a consistent approach to the design of the drains in the process chain. 2. Assumptions 3. Design Requirements 3.1 Boiler and Flue Gas Cleaning 3.1.1 Water-steam circuit The excess water arising during start-up at water discharge operation or failure of the circulating pump shall be removed from the circuit and be discharged via a drain system into a separate vessel, called blowdown vessel. The steam generator drains as well as the drains and warm-up lines of the main steam pipe shall be connected to the blowdown vessel. The temperature of the warm-up steam and the fluid temperatures at the drains may rise to 500 C. As regards pressure build-up in the blowdown vessel maximum water and steam flows are assumed which are found at the various locations depending on progress of start-up and during operational troubles. Among others, the following operational troubles shall be taken into account. failure of the circulating pump; start-up without circulating pump shall be possible incorrect opening of the drain valves up to 100 % in the noninterlocked control range. The amount of water arising shall be led to a condensate collecting tank. The arrangement and circuitry of the start-up and steam generator blowdown vessel as well as the condensate collecting tank shall satisfy the following essential requirements:

Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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safe drainage of the systems and heating surfaces during startup complete drainage of the systems and heating surfaces during inspection outages safe discharge of the steam generator start-up condensate from the start-up vessel at all start-up conditions safe discharge of the steam generator excess feed volumes from the start-up vessel due to the intentional excess feeding to cover economiser evaporation losses prior to restarting the steam generator collection of overflow volumes from other vessels such as the feedwater tank consideration of flow dynamics and temporarily large amounts of start-up condensate by means of buffer tanks, i.e. major condensate collecting vessel downstream of the blowdown vessel The condensate collected in the condensate collecting tank will preferably be recirculated into the water-steam circuit. The philosophy here is, wherever possible, to keep condensate inside the process. The condensate leaving the blowdown vessel is under normal operating conditions sent to the feedwater tank, where it is directly fed back into the circuit. In case of out of specification condensate quality (detected by a conductivity measurement), the condensate will be sent to the condensate polishing plant, where the condensate is cleaned and then brought back into the process. 3.1.2 Flue gas path During normal operation there will be no condensate in the flue gas section of the boiler since the temperature of the flue gas is far above the water dew point. During start-up the temperature will be below the water due point so that condensate will collect at certain parts of the flue gas path. This condensate will evaporate again during the further start-up procedure when the flue gas temperature rises. Therefore no condensate has to be removed from the flue gas path of the boiler. Downstream, the flue gas passes through the electrostatic precipitator and the ID fan where the gas temperature will be at least 120C under normal operating conditions and thus still above the water dew point. Approaching the FGD plant the flue gas is cooled down below the saturation temperature by the action of the gas-gas heater and subsequently quenched by the FGD absorber. All condensate produced by this is ultimately fed to the absorber and thus goes into the water system of the FGD plant.
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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Where condensate is produced due to process requirements this condensate shall be collected in an already existing system used for system purposes. 3.2 Carbon Capture Plant and Compression Plant The design of Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) plant shall include provisions for the following four drainage systems to collect the process fluids during emergency or start-up and shutdown operations. These systems should be independent and isolated from each other and other power plant drainage systems as outlined in the Civil Design Philosophy [S1]. 3.2.1 Amine circuit Amine solvent draining system will collect KS-1 solvent from the absorber and stripper vessels as well as the associated heat exchangers and the connecting piping. This system will comprise the underground sump tanks large enough to accommodate accidental release of vessel inventories, with the exact size to be confirmed during the HAZOP and detailed engineering design studies, and the surface storage tank(s) for initial and temporary solvent storage. The underground sumps shall be equipped with pumps to allow for transfer of collected solvent into the storage tanks for subsequent treatment or re-use. The solvent storage tanks will be included in the process design philosophy and their detailed design will be reviewed during the engineering design phase. 3.2.2 Process water A process water drainage system will collect water from the desulphurisation stage of the Flue Gas Quencher (FGQ) column, from which it shall be transferred into a waste water tank for intermediate storage and treatment. After pH neutralisation it is currently considered that this water will be discharged from site after undergoing suitable waste water treatment. Additional process water stream, termed excess water, will be produced in the upper section of the FGQ column as a result of direct contact cooling of flue gas. This excess water will be of high purity and stored in a separate surface mounted tank before being sent out to the demister section of the FGD absorber. Provision of an underground sump tank to accommodate accidental release of process water from the FGQ vessel will be confirmed during the HAZOP study. There will be a small amount of process water produced in the CO2 compression stages which will be collected in the knock-out drums and send back to the process.
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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General design philosophy for the process water draining system will be based on the self-containment principle, whereby all produced water, with the exception of waste water from the polishing section of FGQ, will be recycled back to the process. The capture process itself is designed to operate at a neutral water balance, that is, after the quencher stage the process does not produce or consume net process water. 3.2.3 Condensate system Condensate drainage system shall collect LP steam condensate from the reboiler and IP or HP steam condensate from the reclaimer and the dehydration section of PCC plant. The hot condensate streams from these sections will be collected and pumped to the main boiler feedwater system. A proportion of this condensate is recycled to desuperheat the LP and IP or HP steam supplied to the process. The design of this system shall be based on the same principles of safe drainage and blowdown as those outlined above for the host power plant. In addition, specific design precautions must be implemented to ensure that the returned condensate shall not contaminate the boiler feed water system. In particular, all condensate/solvent heat exchangers must operate with higher pressure on the condensate side in order to prevent amine cross-contamination. Since the condensate return temperature will be too high for the condensate polishing plant, a design provision should be made for an additional condensate cooler to enable intermittent treatment of the condensate in the polishing plant, in case the condensate purity falls below the specified limits. For that purpose the condensate system design should also include an on-line analyser to monitor the degree of contamination in the PCC condensate return. 3.2.4 Capture plant flue gas ductwork As the flue gas exiting the FGD and the flue gas returning from the capture plant are saturated gas streams, condensate will be expected to form in the ductwork, particularly at the junction point where the colder flue gas from the capture plant will join the warmer untreated flue gas from the FGD. This condensate must be collected and returned to a suitable location in the FGD process or treated for discharge from site. 3.3 Turbine and Steam/Condensate Connections to the Capture Plant and Compression Plant
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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3.3.1 Scope and Functional Requirements The formation of condensate in the turbine and associated steam pipework during all stages of operation must be removed from the system to ensure the safe operation of the plant and also prevent the reflux of cold condensate. Turbine drains are therefore required at all locations where condensate may accumulate within the turbine and within steam pipework situated after the turbine stop valves. The turbine drains are frequently referred to as clean drains with the drains condensate being recovered to the system, usually the condenser. 3.3.2 Assumptions It is assumed that the boiler or dirty drains (see Section 3.3.3) which occur upstream of the stop valves are routed to a separate blowdown vessel. Therefore only condensate of acceptable quality is admitted to the water-steam cycle and ultimately to the turbine or the turbine bypasses. 3.3.3 Design Requirements The drain systems are designated:Clean - where condensate is discharged to the condenser via a flash vessel. Dirty where the quality is unacceptable to return directly to the system. Start-up condensate occurs mostly during a cold start, but it also forms during normal operation and should be removed to prevent cold reflux. Continuous required where the steam is saturated e.g. at the bleed steam extractions to the low pressure heaters. The design and arrangement of the drainage system shall provide the following essential requirements:Removal of condensate from the turbine system during start-up. Complete drainage of the turbine during inspection outages. Safe discharge of the feed heating system condensate during start-up and all modes of operation. Protection of the turbine during trip / unloading situations. Drains isolation requirement varies depending on the steam quality, motorised valve double isolation being preferred when steam is at high pressure and/or contains significant superheat. Single valve control is typically used at medium temperature and pressure locations.
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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Steam traps are not preferred and may only be used for low temperature and pressure applications. Saturated steam lines frequently deploy a continuous drain augmented by a motorised valve bypass. Automated drains are required for normal operation including startup and shutdown. It should be assured that the drains pipework is arranged with continuous slope from the turbine connection to the condenser/flashbox and without any water pocket. Further it should be assured that drain lines are separated to different headers according to their pressure level. All valve controlled turbine drains must open on a turbine trip. Automated valve control should occur via the plants control system or measured drain line temperature and turbine load as the suppliers standard practice. Valve position and drain line temperature (immediately upstream of the valve) must be selectable in the central control room (CCR). Remote (CCR) and local manual activation of all drains valves is also required. 3.3.4 Turbine Drains Turbine casings are generally designed to self drain to steam extraction lines. When this cannot be arranged, drains are required at locations where condensate may accumulate. Steam supply lines (downstream of the stop valves) when applicable and all steam extraction lines from the turbine are to be fitted with individual drains to prevent the cold condensate ingestion to the turbine. 3.3.5 Feedwater Heater Drains HP heaters are provided with cascaded drains to maintain condensate levels but when insufficient pressure differential is available, condensate may be routed to the deaerator feedwater tank. In addition, further diversionary drains routed back to the condenser via a flash vessel will be provided to prevent heater flooding during start up. LP heaters are generally provided with cascade or pumped forward drain systems to maintain condensate levels during normal operation. Diversionary drains routed back to the condenser via a flash vessel shall be provided to prevent heater flooding during start up. 3.3.6 Carbon capture plant drains When post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) plant is fitted to a unit, process steam export will be required from the steam turbine, as detailed in Section 3.2.3. Where applicable, drains from the
Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.

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process steam lines to the PCC reboiler, the amine reclaimer and the dehydration unit will be provided and shall be routed back to the main condenser via a flash vessel.

4. Mandatory References 5. Supporting References [S1] Civil Design Philosophy KCP-ENT-CVL-DPR-0001

Kingsnorth CCS Demonstration Project The information contained in this document (the Informa tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Department of Energy and Climate Chan ge (DECC) make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of th e Information and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers or DECC shall have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoever arising from the use of the Information by any party.